Amongst the beautiful isles of Derwent.w.a.ter, that named St. Herbert"s Island deserves a more than ordinary notice, as well for its beauty as its historical a.s.sociations. This insulated paradise includes an extent of four or five acres, well covered with wood, and is situated near the centre of the lake. It obtained its name from St. Herbert, a priest and confessor, who, "to avoid the intercourse of man, and that nothing might withdraw his attention from unceasing mortification and prayer," about the middle of the 7th century, chose this island for his lonely abode.
"St. Herbert hither came, And here for many seasons, from the world Removed, and the affections of the world, He dwelt in solitude."
The locality was well adapted to the severity of his religious life; he was surrounded by the lake, from whence he received his simple diet. On every hand the voice of waterfalls excited the most solemn strains of meditation--rocks and mountains were his daily prospect, inspiring his mind with ideas of the might and majesty of the Creator.
That St. Herbert had his hermitage on this island is certain from the authority of the venerable Bede, as well as from tradition, and nowhere could ancient eremite find more profound peace, or a place of so great beauty, whence to bear on the wings of imagination his orisons to heaven.
St. Herbert was particularly distinguished for his friendship to St.
Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, with whom he was contemporary; and, according to a legendary tale, at the intercession of St. Herbert both these holy men expired on the same day, and in the same hour and minute, which, according to Bede, was in 678 or 687.
At Lindisfarne, expecting death, The good St. Cuthbert lay, With wasted frame and feeble breath; And monks were there to pray.
The brotherhood had gathered round, His parting words to hear, To see his saintly labours crown"d, And stretch him on the bier.
His eyes grew dim; his voice sunk low; The choral song arose; And ere its sounds had ceas"d to flow, His spirit found repose.
At that same hour, a holy man, St. Herbert, well renown"d, Gave token that his earthly span Had reach"d its utmost bound.
St. Cuthbert, in his early years, Had led him on his way; When the tree falls, the fruit it bears Will surely, too, decay.
The monks of Lindisfarne meanwhile, Were gazing on their dead; At that same hour, in Derwent isle, A kindred soul had fled.
There is but little information on record respecting St. Herbert, and had it not been for his intimacy with St. Cuthbert, his name probably would not have been handed down to posterity at all. In truth, he did little more than pray and meditate on this spot. It was his wish to live and die unknown. Though one in spirit, St. Cuthbert and the Hermit of Derwent.w.a.ter were entirely dissimilar in character. St. Cuthbert was bishop of Lindisfarne, an eminent preacher in his day, whose eloquence influenced the will of many, and whose active zeal contributed to the advancement of the then dominant church, of which he was one of the main pillars and rulers. St. Herbert was altogether a man of prayer. He retired from the world to this solitude, and pa.s.sed his days in devotion. The two saints used to meet once a year for spiritual communion. Which had most influence with the Ruler of heaven we cannot say.
The venerable Bede writes thus of the Hermit of Derwent.w.a.ter:--"There was a certain priest, revered for his uprightness and perfect life and manners, named Herberte, who had a long time been in union with the man of G.o.d (St. Cuthbert of Farn Isle), in the bond of spiritual love and friendship. For living a solitary life in the isle of that great and extended lake, from whence proceeds the river of Derwent, he used to visit St. Cuthbert every year, to receive from his lips the doctrine of eternal life. When this holy priest heard of St. Cuthbert"s coming to Lugubalia, he came after his usual manner, desiring to be comforted more and more, with the hope of everlasting blisse, by his divine exhortations. As they sate together, and enjoyed the hopes of heaven, among other things the bishop said:
""Remember, brother, Herberte, that whatsoever ye have to say and ask of me, you do it now, for after we depart hence, we shall not meet again, and see one another corporally in this world; for I know well the time of my dissolution is at hand, and the laying aside of this earthly tabernacle draweth on apace."
"When Herberte heard this, he fell down at his feet, and with many sighs and tears beseeched him, for the love of the Lord, that he would not forsake him, but to remember his faithful brother and a.s.sociate, and make intercession with the gracious G.o.d, that they might depart hence into heaven together, to behold His grace and glory whom they had in unity of spirit served on earth; for you know I have ever studied and laboured to live according to your pious and virtuous instructions; and in whatsoever I offended or omitted, through ignorance and frailty, I straight-way used my earnest efforts to amend after your ghostly counsel, will, and judgment. At this earnest and affectionate request of Herbertes, the bishop went to prayer, and presently being certified in spirit that his pet.i.tion to heaven would be granted,--
""Arise," said he, "my dear brother, weep not, but let your rejoicing be with exceeding gladness, for the great mercy of G.o.d hath granted unto us our prayer."
"The truth of which promise and prophecy was well proved in that which ensued; for their separation was the last that befel them on earth; on the same day, which was the 19th day of March, their souls departed from their bodies, and were straight in union in the beatific sight and vision; and were transported hence to the kingdom of heaven, by the service and hands of angels."
It is probable the hermit"s little oratory or chapel might be kept in repair after his death, as a particular veneration appears to have been paid to this retreat, and the memory of the saint; for, at the distance of almost seven centuries, we find this place resorted to in holy services and processions, and the hermit"s memory celebrated in religious offices.[1] The remains of the hermitage are still visible; and near to these hallowed ruins stands a small grotto of unhewn stone, called the New Hermitage, erected some years ago by Sir Wilfrid Lawson, to whose representative the island at present belongs. The dwelling of the anchorite consisted of two apartments, one of which, about twenty feet in length by sixteen in width, appears to have been his chapel; the other, whose dimensions are considerably less, was his cell.
The pa.s.sion for solitude and a recluse life which reigned in the days of this saint, and was cherished by the monastic school, at first sight may appear to us uncouth and enthusiastic; yet when we examine into those times, our astonishment will cease, if we consider the estate of those men, who, under all the prejudices of education, were living in an age of ignorance, va.s.salage, and rapine; and we shall rather applaud than condemn a devotee, who, disgusted with the world and the sins of men, consigns his life to the service of the Deity in retirement. We may suppose we hear the saint exclaiming with the poet--
"Blest be that hand Divine, which gently laid My heart at rest beneath this humble shade; The world"s a stately bark, on dangerous seas, With pleasure seen, but boarded at our peril; Here on a single plank, thrown safe on sh.o.r.e, I hear the tumult of the distant throng, As that of seas remote or dying storms; And meditate on scenes more silent still, Pursue my theme, and fight the fear of death.
Here, like a shepherd gazing from his hut, Touching his reed or leaning on his staff, Eager ambition"s fiery chase I see; I see the circling hunt of noisy men Burst law"s enclosures, leap the mounds of right, Pursuing and pursued, each other"s prey; As wolves for rapine, as the fox for wiles, Till Death, that mighty hunter, earths them all."
Young"s _Excursion_.
Wordsworth has the following beautiful lines on the Hermit of Derwent.w.a.ter:--
"If thou, in the dear love of some one friend, Hast been so happy that thou know"st what thoughts Will sometimes, in the happiness of love, Make the heart sink, then wilt thou reverence This quiet spot; and, stranger, not unmoved Wilt thou behold this shapeless heap of stones, The desolate ruins of St. Herbert"s cell.
There stood his threshold; there was spread the roof That sheltered him, a self-secluded man, After long exercise in social cares, And offices humane, intent to adore The Deity with undistracted mind, And meditate on everlasting things In utter solitude. But he had left A fellow-labourer, whom the good man loved As his own soul. And when, with eye upraised To heaven, he knelt before the crucifix, While o"er the lake the cataract of Ladore Pealed to his orison, and when he paced Along the beach of this small isle, and thought Of his companion, he would pray that both (Now that their earthly duties were fulfilled) Might die in the same moment. Nor in vain So prayed he! As our chroniclers report, Though here the hermit numbered his last hours, Far from St. Cuthbert, his beloved friend, Those holy men died in the self-same day."
[1] In the register of Bishop Appleby, in 1374, there is an indulgence of forty days to any inhabitant of the parish of Crossthwaite, that should attend the Vicar to St. Herbert"s Isle, on the 13th of April, yearly, that being the anniversary of his death, there to celebrate ma.s.s in memory of St. Herbert. Processions and ceremonies of this kind had, in those days, a powerful effect on the minds of the lower orders of society. Perhaps it was better they should have some religion, though tinctured with a degree of superst.i.tion, than have been possessed of minds irreverent towards heaven, and souls totally absorbed in the darkness of ignorance, and given up to gross licentiousness.
THE LOVERS" VOWS:
A TALE OF FURNESS ABBEY.
I can just remember the circ.u.mstance; it happened when I was a boy and went to Urswick school. Matilda--I will not mention her other name, because her friends are still living--Matilda was one of the loveliest females I ever knew. Her father had a small estate at ----, near Stainton; and she being his only child, he fondly imagined that her beauty and her fortune would procure her a respectable match. But alas!
how often do your parents err in their calculations on the happiness which, they fondly imagine, will arise from the conduct of their children!
Matilda had accompanied James, a neighbouring farmer"s son, to school, when infancy gave room to no other thoughts but those of play. James had ever distinguished the lovely Matilda for his playmate; for her he had collected the deepest tinged May gowlings that grew in the meadows below the village; he spared no pains to procure the finest specimens of hawthorn blossoms, to place in her bonnet; and would artlessly compliment her on her appearance under the flowery wreath. He was always ready to a.s.sist her in conning her lessons at school, and oftener wrought her questions than she did herself.
At an early age James was removed from school, and bound to an Ulverstone trader. Matilda and James met or heard of each other no more, till he had completed his eighteenth year, and the hard and active service in which he was employed had given his fine manly form an appearance at once imposing and captivating. Matilda, too, was improved in every eye, but particularly in James". Never had James seen so lovely a maid as his former playmate. That friendship which had been so closely cemented in infancy, required very little a.s.sistance from the blind G.o.d to ripen it into love. Their youthful hearts were disengaged; they had neither of them ever felt an interest for any person, equal to what they had felt for each other; and they soon resolved to render their attachment as binding and as permanent, as it was pure and undivided.
The period had arrived when James must again trust himself to the faithless deep, when he must leave his Matilda to have her fidelity tried by other suitors; and she must trust her James to the temptation of foreign beauties. Both, therefore, were willing to bind themselves by some solemn pledge to live but for each other.
For this purpose, they repaired, on the evening before James" departure, to the ruins of Furness Abbey. It was a fine autumnal evening; the sun had set in the greatest beauty; and the moon was hastening up the eastern sky, through a track slightly interspersed with thin fleecy clouds, which added to its beauty, rather than impaired it. They knelt in the roofless quire, near where the altar formerly stood; and, fondly locked in each other"s arms, they repeated, in the presence of heaven, their vows of deathless love. James was dressed in his best seaman"s dress--a blue jacket, with a mult.i.tude of silver-plated b.u.t.tons, and white trowsers; while Matilda leaned on his neck in a dress of the purest white muslin, carelessly wrapped in a shawl of light blue.
I have been thus particular, said the narrator in describing their dresses, because this is the picture I would paint:--I would sketch an east view of the abbey, looking in at the large east window, where two lovers were kneeling, folded in each other"s arms--the moonbeams just striking upon the most prominent parts of their figures--the deep shadows occasioned by the broken columns and scattered fragments, should recede into the distance--the dark gray ruins, and the deep green and brown of the oaks, slightly but brilliantly gilded by the moon, should peep out of the lengthened gloom with sparkling effect. But on the figures I would bestow the greatest attention. What manly vigour I would give to his att.i.tude! What sweetness, what loveliness to hers!
But what became of the betrothed lovers? Their fate was a melancholy one. James returned to his ship, and never returned from his voyage. He was killed by the first broadside of a French privateer, which the captain foolishly ventured to engage with. For Matilda, she regularly went to the Abbey to visit the spot where she last saw him; and there she would stand for hours, with her hands clasped on her breast, gazing on that heaven which alone had been witness to their mutual vows.
Indeed, I think this would make a picture almost equal to the other. How fine a contrast would the light and fairy form of Matilda make with the broken fragments of the ruined Abbey; it would give a life and effect to the picture which you have no conception of. I am confident if you once drew a picture of this kind, you would never again sketch a scene without a story to it.
THE STONE OF WALLOW CRAG;
OR, THE POET OF KENTMERE.
Charles Williams was one of those individuals who are "born to blush unseen." It is probable, therefore, that his name is unknown, and that his merits might have slept in obscurity but for us. We suspect that he has never been heard of before, and it is very likely that he never will be again. Charles had no long line of ancestors whose merits he could impute to himself. His great-grandfather had, to be sure, been the most noted wrestler in his day; and had annually won the belt at Bowness and at Keswick, but his prowess was forgot by all but his immediate descendants; and even his hard-earned belts had long since been cut up for repairing cart gear. Though Charles was only the son of a small farmer, yet there was one thing on which the family prided itself--there was a W. W. over the kitchen door which
"Was a sartan sign," his mother argued, "et that hoos hed belengd to them sometime lang sen."
There was one circ.u.mstance which we ought not to omit; particularly as it excited no inconsiderable interest, at the time, through all the neighbourhood of Kentmere. On the very day, and as far as we can ascertain, at the very hour, when Charles was born, a huge stone, self-moved, rolled down Wallow Crag into Hawes Water! The old women could and would account for it no other way than that he was born to be droond. Mr. Gough, who was then beginning to exhibit the first dawning of that genius which has procured him the esteem and admiration of all true lovers of rational philosophy, would gladly have convinced them that it was nothing but the effects of a thaw which had taken place only a few days before. But they argued that
"Thear hed been many a tha afoar, but niver a stane rolled doon Wallow Crag afoar."
Charles however grew up to be a boy, just as if this ominous stone had continued to sit secure on the mountain"s ridge. But it might be said of him that "a strange and wayward wight was he." While other boys were ranging through the woods in pursuit of bird-nests, Charles would stretch himself on a smooth-faced rock, and pore on the adjacent landscape like one half crazed. To retire into a lonely wood behind his father"s house, and teach a little brook, which ran through it, to take a thousand fantastic forms, was to Charles the sweetest recreation he could enjoy. The perpetual wings of time had now spread fifteen or sixteen winters over the vale of Kentmere, since the stone rolled into Hawes Water, and Charles was grown a tall and graceful boy. The little time which his father had spared him to school, had not been misemployed by the active youth; and though he felt a diffidence about entering into conversation, it was generally allowed that, when he did unloosen his tongue, he could argue any man in the valley, except the parson, who never stopt to hear anybody speak but himself, and the schoolmaster, who never spoke at all.
One evening about this time, as Charles was returning from an accustomed ramble, where he had been enjoying a view of the mist slowly gathering among the mountain heads to the north, he was aroused from his reverie by a shrill scream; a young female had been pursuing a footpath over the adjoining field, and was at that instant closely followed by a neighbour"s bull. Charles, with the speed of lightning, was at the girl"s side; and, with a presence of mind oftener found in boys than men, he s.n.a.t.c.hed the umbrella out of her hand, and unfurled it in the enraged animal"s face. The astonished beast retreated a few paces, and, according to a standing rule among mad bulls, having been foiled in its first attempt, it did not make a second attack.
Charles, with that gallantry which is a concomitant of generous minds, proposed to see the affrighted maid to her father"s dwelling. Maria was a girl whom Charles had known from her infancy; he had played with her at school, but he never before observed that she possessed anything superior to the other girls of the dale. But this evening, as she hung on his arm and thanked him with such a pair of soft blue eyes so kindly--as the colour varied so often on her cheek--and her bosom throbbed so agitatedly, he discovered that Maria possessed more charms than all the valley beside.
This evening"s adventure formed an epoch in the life of Charles Williams. All his actions were now influenced by one all-powerful impulse. Ardent in his admiration of nature"s charms, that ardour was now transferred from the general beauties of creation to the particular beauties of the lovely Maria. Indeed, Maria was peculiarly formed to please the fancy, and captivate the heart, of a youth like Charles.
There was a symmetry in her limbs, an elegance in her person, and a simple gracefulness in her motions, which rendered her an agreeable object even to the most indifferent observer. But the charms of her mind were the gems on which be placed the highest value. There was a sombre shade of seriousness, perfectly distinct from melancholy, which none could behold without feeling interested. This seriousness, however, had nothing in it inimical to that lively joyance which gives so delicious a zest to our youthful days.