required to sit..."Don"t move a muscle!": George Sullivan, Mathew Brady: His Life and Photographs (New York: Cobblehill Books, 1994), pp. 1718 (quote p. 18).
"contrived grinning...become obligatory": James Mellon, ed., The Face of Lincoln (New York: Viking Press, 1979), pp. 1314.
"the rebel power...to disintegrate": "9 August 1863, Sunday," in Hay, Inside Lincoln"s White House, p. 70.
pleasant outings..."sent me to bed": "23 August 1863, Sunday," in ibid., pp. 7576 (quote p. 76); Washington Post, August 3, 1924; Pinsker, Lincoln"s Sanctuary, p. 115.
"I see the President...on K Street": Whitman, Specimen Days (1971 edn.), p. 26.
"The President and I...the season is over": EMS to Ellen Stanton, August 25, 1863, quoted in Gideon Stanton, ed., "Edwin M. Stanton."
Stanton finally joined his wife...the Soldiers" Home: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 284.
typically wide-ranging..."party to oppose a war": "13 August 1863, Thursday," in Hay, Inside Lincoln"s White House, pp. 7273 (quote); Pamela Scott and Antoinette J. Lee, Buildings of the District of Columbia. Buildings of the United States Series (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 119, 128; "Progress of Civilization," Architect of the Capitol website, www.aoc.gov/cc/art/pediments/prog_sen_r.htm (accessed November 2004).
tour of upstate New York...picnic on the lake: Philip Van Doren Stern, When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1965), p. 230; Seward, Seward at Washington...18611872, pp. 18687.
"All seemed...themselves very much": FAS to Augustus Seward, August 27, 1863, reel 115, Seward Papers.
"When one comes really...to like in him": Lord Lyons to Lord Russell, quoted in Stern, When the Guns Roared, p. 231.
"Hundreds of factories...and ca.n.a.ls": Seward, Seward at Washington...18611872, p. 186.
European shipbuilders...not be delivered: Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, pp. 35256, 361; entries for August 12, 29, September 18, 25, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 399, 429, 43537, 443.
"The White House...health of the nation": Dispatch of August 31, 1863, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln"s White House, p. 166.
CHAPTER 21: "I FEEL TROUBLE IN THE AIR"
180,000 soldiers...black males: Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America"s Unfinished Revolution, 18631877 (New York: Harper & Row, 1988; 1989), p. 8.
Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation flatly declared..."United States": AL, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation," January 1, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 30.
Stanton authorized...and other Northern states: Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, p. 156; Dudley Taylor Cornish, The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 18611865 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1956; 1987), p. 105.
the war would not be won..."suppressing the rebels": Dougla.s.s" Monthly (August 1862).
He wrote stirring appeals...many other cities: Blight, Frederick Dougla.s.s" Civil War, pp. 15759.
"Why should a colored...that claim respected": Dougla.s.s" Monthly (April 1863).
thousands of Bostonians...high-ranking military officials: Boston Daily Evening Transcript, May 28, 1863.
"No single regiment...admirable marching": Ibid.
He urged Banks...the enlisting process: AL to Nathaniel P. Banks, March 29, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 154; AL to David Hunter, April 1, 1863, in ibid., p. 158; AL to USG, August 9, 1863, in ibid., p. 374.
"The colored population...rebellion at once": AL to Andrew Johnson, March 26, 1863, in ibid., pp. 14950.
Chase..."nearly two years ago": SPC to James A. Garfield, May 31, 1863, reel 12, Garfield Papers, DLC.
a series of obstacles...losing their freedom or their lives: Benjamin Quarles, Frederick Dougla.s.s. Studies in American Negro Life Series (a.s.sociated Publishers, 1948; New York: Atheneum, 1970), pp. 20910; Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, pp. 167, 169, 17374, 177.
"this is no time...to embrace it": Dougla.s.s" Monthly (August 1863).
they earned great respect..."bravery and steadiness": Cornish, The Sable Arm, pp. 14243 (quote p. 143).
"dooming to death...negro troops": NYTrib, reprinted in Liberator, May 15, 1863.
As word of the unique...swiftly diminishing: James M. McPherson, The Negro"s Civil War: How American Blacks Felt and Acted During the War for Union (New York: Pantheon Books, 1965; New York: Ballantine Books, 1991), pp. 176, 179.
"What has Mr. Lincoln...responsible for them": Dougla.s.s" Monthly (August 1863).
"When I plead...rulers at Washington": Frederick Dougla.s.s to Major G. L. Stearns, August 1, 1863, reprinted in ibid.
he asked Halleck..."placed at hard labor": AL, "Order of Retaliation," July 30, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 357.
The order was "well-written...became impossible": Entry for August 4, 1863, in Gurowski, Diary from November 18, 1862 to October 18, 1863, pp. 29293.
Dougla.s.s agreed..."required to act": Dougla.s.s to Stearns, August 1, 1863, in Dougla.s.s" Monthly (August 1863).
the lack of "fair play"...to the president: Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, pp. 78485.
"tumult of feeling": Frederick Dougla.s.s, quoted in the Washington Post, February 13, 1888.
"I could not know...an interview altogether": Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, p. 785.
a large crowd in the hallway...into the office: Liberator, January 29, 1864; Philip S. Foner, Frederick Dougla.s.s (New York: Citadel Press, 1950; repr. 1964), p. 216.
"I was never more...Abraham Lincoln": Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, p. 785.
The president was seated..."began to rise": Dougla.s.s, "Lincoln and the Colored Troops," in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice, p. 316.
Dougla.s.s hesitantly began..."glad to see you": Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, p. 786.
Lincoln"s warmth..."Abraham Lincoln": Frederick Dougla.s.s to George L. Stearns, August 12, 1863 (photocopy), container 53, Papers of Frederick Dougla.s.s, Ma.n.u.script Division, Library of Congress [hereafter Dougla.s.s Papers, DLC].
Dougla.s.s laid before..."very apparent sympathy": Dougla.s.s, "Lincoln and the Colored Troops," in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice, p. 317.
"Upon my ceasing...not suspected him": Dougla.s.s to Stearns, August 12, 1863, Dougla.s.s Papers, DLC.
it "seemed a necessary...at all as soldiers": Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, p. 787.
"in the end they shall...as white soldiers": AL quoted in Dougla.s.s, "Lincoln and the Colored Troops," in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice, p. 318.
"he would sign...commend to him": Dougla.s.s, Life and Times of Frederick Dougla.s.s, p. 787.