"Oh if I had not...now she is gone": Entry for December 27, 1835, ibid., pp. 9798.
"the bar of G.o.d...an accusing spirit": Entry for December 28, 1835, ibid., p. 99.
a "second conversion": Stephen E. Maizlish, "Salmon P. Chase: The Roots of Ambition and the Origins of Reform," Journal of the Early Republic 18 (Spring 1998), p. 62.
death of daughter Catherine: Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 35; Warden, Private Life and Public Services, p. 286; Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 72.
"one of the...desolation of my heart": SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, February 7, 1840, reel 5, Chase Papers.
marriage to Eliza; birth of Kate: Blue, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 2526; Warden, Private Life and Public Services, pp. 29091, 295, 296, 301, 302.
"I feel as if...we are desolate": SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, October 1, 1845, reel 6, Chase Papers.
Marriage to Belle; death of wife and daughter: Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 74; Warden, Private Life and Public Services, pp. 31112.
"What a vale...I rise & press on": SPC to CS, January 28, 1850, reel 8, Chase Papers (quote); Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 135.
"to go West and grow up with the country": William F. Switzler, "Lincoln"s Attorney General: Edward Bates, One of Missouri"s Greatest Citizens-His Career as a Lawyer, Farmer and Statesman," reprinted in Onward Bates, Bates, et al., of Virginia and Missouri (Chicago: P. F. Pettibone, 1914), p. 26.
His father, Thomas Fleming Bates: For general information on Bates"s family and early years, see Cain, Lincoln"s Attorney General, pp. 13, 5; "Bates, Edward," DAB, Vol. I, p. 48; James M. McPherson, "Bates, Edward," American National Biography, Vol. II, ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, American Council of Learned Societies (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 329; Introduction, The Diary of Edward Bates, 18591866, p. xi; Bates, Bates, et al., of Virginia and Missouri, p. 22; "Death of Edward Bates," Missouri Republican, St. Louis, Mo., March 26, 1869; Elie Weeks, "Belmont," Goochland County Historical Society Magazine 12 (1980), pp. 3649; EB to C. I. Walker, February 10, 1859, reprinted in Collections of the Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan Together with Reports of County Pioneer Societies, Vol. VIII, 2nd edn. (1886; Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1907), pp. 56364.
"as distinctly...Western Europe": Charles Gibson, The Autobiography of Charles Gibson, ed. E. R. Gibson, 1899, Charles Gibson Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo. [hereafter Gibson Papers, MoSHi].
English manorial life...monetary wealth: James Truslow Adams, America"s Tragedy (New York and London: Charles Scribner"s Sons, 1934), pp. 8788.
"enjoyable living...and their manners": Bates, Bates, et al., of Virginia and Missouri, p. 20.
The flintlock musket..."helped to win": Ibid., p. 22.
lured by the vast potential...Louisiana Purchase: Wiebe, The Opening of American Society, pp. 13132.
Over the next three decades: James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988; New York: Ballantine Books, 1989), p. 42.
"too young...a buffalo!": "Lecture by Edward Bates," St. Louis Weekly Reveille, February 24, 1845, St. Louis History Collection, MoSHi.
"After years of family...burned brightly in him": Cain, Lincoln"s Attorney General, p. 5.
pa.s.sed his bar examination...the rest of their family there: EB to Frederick Bates, September 29, 1817; October 13, 1817; June 15, 1818; July 19, 1818; Bates Papers, MoSHi; Cain, Lincoln"s Attorney General, p. 7.
"The slaves sold...at $290!": EB to Frederick Bates, September 21, 1817, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
expected to realize..."full-handed": EB to Frederick Bates, September 29, 1817, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
death of his brother Tarleton..."by the delay": Cain, Lincoln"s Attorney General, p. 6; EB to Frederick Bates, June 15, 1818, Bates Papers, MoSHi (quote).
"In those days...in the country": Samuel T. Glover, "Addresses by the Members of the St. Louis Bar on the Death of Edward Bates," Minutes of the St. Louis Bar a.s.sociation (1869), Bates Papers, MoSHi.
"a lazy or squandering fellow": EB to Frederick Bates, July 19, 1818, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
if accompanied only by his family: EB to Frederick Bates, September 29, 1817, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
"in a tenth part of the time...my embarra.s.sment": EB to Frederick Bates, June 15, 1818, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
"Mother & Sister...occasioned you": EB to Frederick Bates, July 19, 1818, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
"friend and benefactor...wealth & influence": EB to Frederick Bates, October 13, 1817, Bates Papers, MoSHi.
introduced him to the leading figures: Cain, Lincoln"s Attorney General, p. 4.
a partnership with Joshua Barton: Ibid., p. 7.
"more in the way...his own name": AL, "Autobiography Written for John L. Scripps," [c. June 1860], in CW, IV, p. 61 [hereafter "Scripps autobiography"].
Thomas had watched: A. H. Chapman statement, ante September 8, 1865, in HI, p. 95; Donald, Lincoln, p. 21.
"very narrow circ.u.mstances...without education": AL, "Scripps autobiography," in CW, IV, p. 61.
Nancy Hanks: Dennis F. Hanks to WHH, June 13, 1865, and John Hanks interview, May 25, 1865, in HI, pp. 5, 37; Benjamin P. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), p. 6. On Nancy Hanks"s ancestry, see Paul H. Verduin, "New Evidence Suggest Lincoln"s Mother Born in Richmond County, Virginia, Giving Credibility to Planter-Grandfather Legend," Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine x.x.xVIII (December 1988), pp. 4, 35489.
Thomas in relentless poverty: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, p. 5; Kenneth J. Winkle, The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln (Dallas: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2001), p. 13.
"Why Scripps, it is..."annals of the poor"": John L. Scripps to WHH, June 24, 1865, in HI, p. 57.
"was a woman...a brilliant woman": Nathaniel Grigsby interview, September 12, 1865, in ibid., p. 113.
"read the good...benevolence as well": Dennis F. Hanks to WHH (interview), June 13, 1865, in ibid., p. 40.
"beyond all doubt an intellectual woman": John Hanks interview, [18651866], in ibid., p. 454.
"Remarkable" perception: Dennis F. Hanks to WHH, [December 1865?], in ibid., p. 149.
"very smart...naturally Strong minded": William Wood interview, September 15, 1865, in ibid., p. 124.
"All that I am...G.o.d bless her": AL, comment to WHH, quoted in Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994), p. 42.
"milk sickness": Philip D. Jordan, "The Death of Nancy Hanks Lincoln," Indiana Magazine of History XL (June 1944), pp. 10310.
Thomas and Elizabeth Sparrow: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, pp. 1011.
"I am going away...return": Nancy Lincoln, quoted in Robert Bruce, "The Riddle of Death," in Gabor Boritt, ed., The Lincoln Enigma: The Changing Faces of an American Icon (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 132.
average life expectancy: Appleby, Inheriting the Revolution, p. 63.
"He restlessly looked...before his gaze": Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. II, p. 187.
had a uniquely shattering impact: Bruce, "The Riddle of Death," in The Lincoln Enigma, p. 132.
"a wild region": AL, "Autobiography written for Jesse W. Fell," December 20, 1859, in CW, III, p. 511.