"Virginia Case"...governor refused: WHS, "Biographical Memoir of William H. Seward," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. I, pp. lxiiilxvi.
"the universal sentiment...praiseworthy": George E. Baker, ed., Life of William H. Seward, with Selections from His Works (New York: J. S. Redfield, 1855), p. 85.
"intermeddling...New England fanatic": Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 463, 464.
This only emboldened Seward"s resolve: Ibid., pp. 46364, 51011.
the "new irritation": Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820, in The Works of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. XII, ed. Ford, p. 158.
number of slaves who escaped to the North: Don E. Fehrenbacher, "The Wilmot Proviso and the Mid-Century Crisis," in Fehrenbacher, The South and Three Sectional Crises (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980), p. 33.
"all actions...Const.i.tution": William H. Pease and Jane H. Pease, ed. The Antislavery Argument (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965), p. x.x.x.
"The Empire of Satan": Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin"s Press, 1998), p. 188.
They proclaimed slavery a "positive good": John C. Calhoun, Remarks of Mr. Calhoun of South Carolina, on the Reception of Abolition Pet.i.tions, delivered in the Senate of the United States, February 1837, reprinted in Robert C. Byrd, The Senate, 17891989. Vol. III: Cla.s.sic Speeches, 18301993, Bicentennial Edition, ed. Wendy Wolff (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 177.
incited attacks on abolitionist printers: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 4748.
Seward reelected but with a reduced margin: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 506.
"henceforth be...in his life": Horace Greeley article, Log Cabin, in ibid., p. 510.
"All that can...in its history": WHS to Christopher Morgan, [June?] 1841, in ibid., p. 547.
"What am I...on your affection?": WHS to TW, December 31, 1842, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 98.
the new Liberty Party: "Liberty Party," in The Reader"s Companion to American History, ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 657; Taylor, William Henry Seward, p. 59.
story of black man named William Freeman: Baker, ed., Life of William H. Seward, pp. 99113; "Defence of William Freeman," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. I, pp. 40975.
"I trust in the mercy...incomprehensible": FAS to WHS, March 1846, in Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 787, 786.
insanity...floggings in jail: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 812.
"Will anyone defend...until his death!": Baker, ed., Life of William H. Seward, pp. 104, 106.
roundly criticized Seward for his decision: WHS to TW, May 29, 1846, quoted in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 810.
Only Frances stood proudly: Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 97.
"he will do...wrong is perpetrated": FAS to LW, July 1, 1846, reel 119, Seward Papers.
"there are few men...a peaceful mind": FAS to Augustus Seward, July 19, 1846, reel 114, Seward Papers.
she sat in the courtroom: FAS to LW, JanuaryFebruary 1850, reel 119, Seward Papers.
summoning five doctors: Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 811, 813.
"He is still your brother...be a man": "Defence of William Freeman," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. I, p. 417.
"I am not...malefactor": Ibid., pp. 41415.
"unexplainable on any principle of sanity": WHS to TW, May 29, 1846, in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 810.
"there is not...such a prosecution": "Defence of William Freeman," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. I, p. 419.
"In due time..."He was Faithful!"": WHS, quoted in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 822.
While Seward endured...still wider distribution: Seward, Seward at Washington...18461861, pp. 29, 32, 46.
"one of the very first...the highest degree": SPC to Lewis Tappan, March 18, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
Lincoln"s run for legislature from Sangamon County: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, pp. 2829, 3435.
"Every man...very much chagrined": AL, "Communication to the People of Sangamo County," March 9, 1832, in CW, I, pp. 89.
only after being defeated..."to try it again": J. Rowan Herndon to WHH, May 28, 1865, in HI, p. 7.
Lincoln had lost the election: AL, "Communication to the People of Sangamo County," March 9, 1832, in CW, I, p. 5n.
"made friends everywhere he went": "Conversation with Hon. J. T. Stuart June 23 1875," quoted in John G. Nicolay, An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay"s Interviews and Essays, ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), p. 10.
"This was the only time...of the people": AL, "Scripps autobiography," in CW, IV, p. 64.
Two years later...in the state legislature: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, p. 41.
frontier county..."consuming the whole afternoon": Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, in HI, pp. 20102.
At Mr. Kyle"s store..."one Could throw it": Andrew S. Kirk interview, March 7, 1887, in ibid., pp. 60203.
"They came there...social club": Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, p. 23.
Lincoln proved...gra.s.sroots politician: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, pp. 58, 63, 79.
three levels of command..."day as possible": "Lincoln"s Plan of Campaign in 1840" [c. January 1840], in CW, I, p. 180.
"Our intention...which we are engaged": "Campaign Circular from Whig Committee," January [31?], 1840, in ibid., pp. 20103. See also "Lincoln"s Plan of Campaign in 1840" [c. January 1840], in ibid., pp. 18081.
Lincoln likened...internal improvements: James A. Herndon to WHH, May 29, 1865, in HI, p. 16.
Lincoln had actually..."wider and fairer": Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 9798 (quote p. 97).
"to the ideal...rise in life": G. S. Boritt, Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream (Memphis, Tenn.: Memphis State University Press, 1978), p. ix.
"an unfettered start...pursuit for all": AL, "Message to Congress in Special Session," July 4, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 438.
"DeWitt Clinton of Illinois": Herndon and Weik, Herndon"s Life of Lincoln, p. 140.