Lincoln, the challenger, asked Douglas: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text, ed. Harold Holzer (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), pp. 26.
both men covered over 4,000 miles: Ibid., p. 20.
marching bands...picnics: Baringer, Lincoln"s Rise to Power, pp. 2122, 2425, 28, 3031, 3334, 37.
"all the devoted...for athletic contests": Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, p. 15.
"the country people...lines in single combat": Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. II, pp. 92, 88.
"were the successive...of the nation": AL"s speech, "Sixth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas, at Quincy, Illinois," October 13, 1858, in CW, III, pp. 25253.
"On the whole...extreme modest simplicity": Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. II, p. 92.
followed the same rules...Newspaper stenographers: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, pp. 4, 9.
"No more striking...and staying power": Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. II, p. 94.
The highly partisan papers: See The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, pp. 78.
"when Mr. Lincoln...music in front": Press and Tribune, Chicago, following Ottawa debate, quoted in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, p. 85.
"excoriation of Lincoln...in shame": Chicago Times, in ibid.
"both comparatively...Hit him again": Stephen Douglas"s speech, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in CW, III, pp. 56.
conceded that Douglas..."upon principle, alone": AL, "Speech at Springfield, Illinois," July 17, 1858, in CW, II, p. 506.
"The very notice...political physicians": Stephen Douglas, quoted in NYTrib, included in AL"s reply, "Third Joint Debate at Jonesboro," September 15, 1858, in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, p. 173.
"Well, I know...if he can": AL"s reply, "Third Joint Debate at Jonesboro," September 15, 1858, in ibid., pp. 173, 175.
a small notebook..."pursuit of Happiness": Ibid., p. 17. Quotation from paragraph two of the Declaration of Independence (1776).
"majestic interpretation...in other ages": AL, "Speech at Lewistown, Illinois," August 17, 1858, quoted in Press and Tribune, Chicago, August 21, 1858, in CW, II, p. 546.
"I care more...in Christendom": Stephen Douglas"s reply, "Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois," October 15, 1858, in CW, III, p. 322.
"the doctrine...a slave of another": AL, "Speech at Peoria, Illinois," October 16, 1854, in CW, II, pp. 26566.
"The difference between...these views": AL, "Speech at Edwardsville, Illinois," September 11, 1858, in CW, III, p. 92.
set of Black Laws...on juries: Leon F. Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 17901860 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1961), pp. 93, 278.
"If you desire...Never, never": Stephen Douglas"s speech, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in CW, III, p. 9.
"the signers...that"s the truth": Stephen A. Douglas"s speech, "Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois," October 15, 1858, in ibid., p. 296.
"no purpose...the black races": AL"s reply, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in ibid., p. 16.
"of making voters...nor to intermarry": AL"s speech, "Fourth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Charleston, Illinois," September 18, 1858, in ibid., p. 145.
"a physical difference...of every living man": AL"s reply, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in ibid., p. 16.
only unequivocal statement: Harry Jaffa, Crisis of the House Divided, pp. 38284.
pa.s.sing a special law..."whether free or slave": Koerner, Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, Vol. II, p. 30.
"Seward did not...of the whites": Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 94.
"the two races...in other lands": Blue, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 83, 84; SPC, quoted in ibid.
"The most dreadful...prejudice of the white": de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, ed. Mansfield and Winthrop, pp. 326, 329, 328.
"in the name of...to go?": Henry Clay, quoted in Nevins, Ordeal of the Union. Vol. I: Fruits of Manifest Destiny, p. 515.
"My first impulse...native land": AL, "Speech at Peoria, Illinois," October 16, 1854, in CW, II, p. 255.
More than 3 million: Craven, The Growth of Southern Nationalism, p. 12.
"What then?...safely disregarded": AL, quoting his 1854 Peoria speech in his reply, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in CW, III, p. 15.
"With public sentiment...this American people": AL"s reply, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in ibid., pp. 27, 29.
"they did not mean...all colors everywhere": AL, "Speech at Springfield, Illinois," June 26, 1857, in CW, II, p. 406.
"penetrate the human soul": AL"s reply, "First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois," August 21, 1858, in CW, III, p. 29.
"all this quibbling...men are created equal": AL, "Speech at Chicago, Illinois," July 10, 1858, quoted by Stephen Douglas in his reply, "Sixth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Quincy, Illinois," October 13, 1858, in ibid., p. 263.
"practical recognition of our Equality": Frederick Dougla.s.s, quoted in David W. Blight, Frederick Dougla.s.s" Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1989), p. 16.
"the first great man...the colored race": Frederick Dougla.s.s, "Lincoln and the Colored Troops," in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice, p. 323.
"having strong sympathies...and so on": AL"s reply, "Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois," October 15, 1858, in CW, III, p. 300.
"whole town...human beings": Eyewitness at Alton debate, quoted in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, p. 322.
"More than a thousand...he ever made": Koerner, Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, Vol. II, pp. 6668.
The "real issue...same tyrannical principle": AL"s reply, "Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois," October 15, 1858, in CW, III, p. 315.
He drew up..."to be struggled for": AL, "1858 Campaign Strategy," [July? 1858], in CW, II, pp. 47681 (quote p. 479).
"We are in...must be left undone": AL to Gustave P. Koerner, July 25, 1858, in ibid., p. 524.
Chase came to Illinois: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 210; Blue, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 11819.
a gesture Lincoln would not forget: AL to SPC, April 30, 1859, in CW, III, p. 378; AL to Samuel Galloway, March 24, 1860, in CW, IV, p. 34.