"Retiring at an early age, at his own request, he took his sword and the resources of his fine intelligence to the aid of the little Boer nation.
"His chivalrous soul could not resist the appeal of those generous sentiments which have so long been a tradition in our fair France. He wished to defend the weak against the strong.
"Let us respectfully salute this victim of the n.o.blest French virtues, this valiant soldier who has fallen on the field of honour.
"The former Colonel of the 130th will be held in loving remembrance by us, and we offer the just tribute of our patriotic regrets to his memory.
"May G.o.d have mercy on the brave man who left child, friends, and fortune, to defend the oppressed.
"The death of Colonel de Villebois-Mareuil will be recorded in the regimental annals of the 130th."
VII
On the 18th we heard that De Wet, after his successes at Taba N"chu and Sanna"s Post, was at Wepener, where he had surrounded 2,000 men of Brabant"s Horse.
Without orders, and without precise tidings of any kind, we remain five days longer at Brandfort.
General Delarey seems uncertain what to do. While he is casting about for a plan of action, we may take a glance at our enemies, and study them a little.
In this campaign the English army has collected together elements the most diverse. About one half of it consists of regular troops, the other half of volunteers, colonial troops, and contingents from every country.
Their behaviour under fire varies greatly, according to their origin.
Tommy Atkins the regular, cold, calm, advances under a hail of projectiles, marching steadily in time, as if on the parade-ground.
Scornful of danger, his head held high, he seems to say: "Make way! I am an Englishman!"
The colonial, on the other hand, the cowboy, the volunteer from the Cape, from Rhodesia, and from Australia, a hunter by profession, fights in the same fashion as the Boers. He has their qualities and their defects: great precision as a marksman, but a lack of cohesion and of discipline. Crouching behind a rock, taking advantage of every sc.r.a.p of cover, like his adversary, he hunts rather than fights.
But a good many militiamen, volunteers from various towns, and yeomen are even less brilliant, and exchange perils, privations, and fatigue for a sojourn in a Boer prison with great readiness. Some of the regular regiments, too, brought up to their fighting strength by hasty recruiting at the last moment, are not exempt from the shame of unnecessary capitulations.
But such proceedings are not characteristic of Tommy. The Englishman knows very little of the art of war, but he is brave, very brave.
The officers, with some few exceptions, are ignorant of everything an officer should know. The operations (?) of Sir Charles Warren, Lord Methuen, and Sir Redvers Buller seem to be a sort of compet.i.tion of lunatics.
General Buller appears to have some inkling of it himself; on December 28 he writes as follows from the camp of Frere:
"I suppose our officers will in time learn the value of scouting; but in spite of all one can say, up to this our men seem to blunder into the midst of the enemy, and suffer accordingly."
These words from the pen of the General who, on January 24, was to "authorize" the Spion Kop fiasco are delicious!
The profession of arms in England is an occupation not at all absorbing, but very fashionable, very "sporting."
War itself is a sport, which has its special costume, its accidents proper to the soldier, but which is not supposed to engross the man. The fact that a great many officers brought with them, in addition to their khaki uniforms and braided tunics, tennis, football, and polo costumes, dress-coats and smoking-jackets, is significant of this state of mind.
The programme they had mentally drawn up was something of this sort: From 7 to 8 a.m., football, breakfast; from 9 to 10, lawn tennis; from 10 to 11, a battle; then a rest, a tub, ma.s.sage, lunch!
The English officer is a gentleman, always perfectly well bred, often very well educated, and extremely affable; but he is a gentleman, and not an officer.
War entered upon by men of this type demands neither serious preliminary study nor effective progress in an army; and as regards military art and science, the English are still at the stage of the pitched battle.
It is but just to add that they have also preserved the cool, tenacious courage and the indomitable energy of their race, qualities which none can deny them. I saw some superb charges by English troops in Africa, but they always reminded me of Marechal Pelissier"s remark after the heroic charge at Balaclava: "C"est magnifique, mais ce n"est pas la guerre!"
I am no Anglophile, as my campaign of over eight months on the Boer side sufficiently proves, but it is the duty of a loyal soldier to recognise the qualities and the courage of his adversaries.
After this short digression, let us resume our survey of the English army.
During the first months, up to March, their artillery ammunition seems to have been very defective, often exploding imperfectly, or not at all.
The fire took a long time to regulate, and was nearly always independent, rarely in salvoes. Nevertheless, I several times saw guns served in a remarkably efficient manner.
The horses are superb, and were constantly renewed; throughout the campaign they had from five to six quarterns of oats a day.
Their artillery equipment consists of a variety of very ordinary patterns. They have not yet any field-guns with breaks. The mounted artillery (Royal Horse Artillery) is a picked body of men. Its officers must have served four years in the Field Artillery, and must also be possessed of a certain private income.
Their guns, Armstrongs of 76.2 millimetres, are called 12-pounders (from the weight of the projectile). The Field Artillery uses 89 millimetre guns with 22-pound sh.e.l.ls. The breech-blocks are screwed in. The mountain-guns (1882 pattern) are loaded at the muzzle.
The batteries consist of six pieces, with the exception of the volunteer batteries, which have only four.
Their sh.e.l.l-guns, of which even during their operations on the open plain they had a certain number of batteries (notably No. 61 Battery at Spion Kop, and No. 65 Battery at Paardeburg), are howitzers of the latest pattern; they are loaded at the breech, and are specially constructed for fire at a high angle of elevation.
Their naval guns and siege guns, dragged about by teams of from twenty to thirty oxen, were able to follow the troops in a satisfactory manner.
The lyddite sh.e.l.ls did not prove very effective. They explode with a loud and violent report. The green smoke has a stupefying effect; objects such as stones or fragments of sh.e.l.l that come in contact with the explosive take on a sulphur-green tint.
The English used over 300 guns; and if we add to these thirty-five large naval guns, mounted upon siege-gun carriages, and those of the volunteer batteries, we get a total of about 400.
The cavalry has played but a secondary part; but the charges of General French"s division at Poplar Grove were vigorously executed, and cost the lives of two officers and some fifty men. The relief of Kimberley by this same division was rather a raid of great rapidity than a cavalry action properly so-called.
The Boer method of warfare explains the powerlessness of the cavalry to take any prominent part in the operations; reconnaissances were carried out by Kaffir spies and Afrikander irregulars. Cavalry pursuit would, I think, have been perfectly useless, for the Boers would have immediately taken up defensive positions in kopjes inaccessible to horses, and the precision of their fire would soon have proved extremely hara.s.sing to the hors.e.m.e.n.
The infantry, to give it greater mobility, was relieved of every kind of impedimenta. The uniform is extremely practical as a whole.
The foot-soldier wears a khaki tunic with pockets, made in the summer of canvas, in the winter of cloth; trousers to match, the lower part bound up in strips of khaki flannel, on the same pattern as those of our Cha.s.seurs Alpins. His helmet is absolutely unsuitable; heavy and ugly, it does not even protect him from the sun.
A big dark-gray cloak, a blanket, and a waterproof tent canvas, which theoretically are supposed to be carried on the back in two little rolls, are as a fact transported on trolleys drawn by mules marching on the left of each company.
The man carries only his canteen and his bandolier. The latter seemed to me too large and heavy to be practical, but the canteen, the lid of which makes a saucepan, seems convenient. It is the same for officers and privates. Each battalion is followed by a little Maxim gun, firing Lee-Metford cartridges.
The Mounted Infantry is, theoretically, an arm of the first importance.
In practice it has its partisans and its detractors. I leave the task of authoritative p.r.o.nouncement to critics more expert than myself, and shall only say that Colonel Martyr"s and General Hutton"s Mounted Rifles rendered very considerable service to Lord Roberts. The Mounted Rifle has an ordinary cavalry saddle, with a black cloak rolled up on the holsters before him. His uniform is the same as that of the infantry: a tunic, trousers, and flannel bandages. He wears the felt hat of the country. He carries two bandoliers and is armed with the Lee-Metford rifle and with a short bayonet like that of our artillery-men. The b.u.t.t-end of his gun rests in a bucket hanging on the right of his saddle, and the stock is supported by a leather thong round the right arm like a lance.
The Mounted Rifle fights on foot, sheltering his horse behind a piece of rising ground. His horse to him is merely a rapid means of transport.
Belts and straps, swords, sheaths and hilts, guns and waggons, are all painted khaki colour.