110 Learn How Dagwood Splits the Atom, written by John Dunning and Louis Heil and drawn by Joe Musial (King Features Syndicate, 1949).
110 "Buck Rogers newspaper strip published in 1929": Buck Rogers in the 25th Century: The Complete Newspaper Dailies, vol. 1, 1929- 1930, written by Philip Nowlan and drawn by Richard Calkins (Hermes Press, 2008).
111 Secret Service Operator No. 5, issue # 47, written by Wayne Rogers (under the pen name Curtis Steele) (Sept. 1939).
111 The World Set Free, H. G. Wells (Quiet Vision Publishing, 2000).
112 The Interpretation of Radium: Being the Substance of Six Free Popular Experimental Lectures Delivered at the University of Glasgow, Frederick Soddy (G. P. Putnam"s Sons, 1909).
112 "This novel made a strong impression on one particular reader": Different Engines: How Science Drives Fiction and Fiction Drives Science, Mark L. Brake and Neil Hook (Macmillan, 2008).
CHAPTER 10.
114 Them! written by Ted Sherdeman, Russell Hughes, and George Worthing Yates and directed by Gordon Douglas (Warner Bros., 1954).
114 The Amazing Colossal Man, written by Mark Hanna and Bert I. Gordon and directed by Bert I. Gordon (Malibu Productions, 1957).
114 War of the Colossal Beast, written by Bert I. Gordon and George Worthing Yates and directed by Bert I. Gordon (Carmel Productions,1958).
114 The Beginning of the End, written by Fred Freiberger and Lester Gorn and directed by Bert I. Gordon (AB-PT Pictures Corp., 1957).
114 It Came from Beneath the Sea, written by George Worthing Yates and Hal Smith and directed by Robert Gordon (Clover Productions, 1955).
114 The Attack of the Giant Leeches, written by Leo Gordon and directed by Bernard L. Kowalski (American International Pictures, 1959).
114 The Incredible Shrinking Man, written by Richard Matheson and directed by Jack Arnold (Universal, 1957).
114 Dr. Cyclops, written by Tom Kilpatrick and directed by Ernest B. Schoedsack (Paramount, 1940).
116 "Even though the nucleus can lower its energy by ejecting an alpha particle": The Atom and Its Nucleus, George Gamow (Prentice Hall, 1961).
117 "One important similarity between the lottery scenario and the decay of unstable nuclei": The Quantum World: Quantum Physics for Everyone, Kenneth W. Ford (Harvard University Press, 2004).
119 Learn How Dagwood Splits the Atom, written by John Dunning and Louis Heil and drawn by Joe Musial (King Features Syndicate, 1949).
119-120 "why is there any tritium still around": The Atom and Its Nucleus, George Gamow (Prentice Hall, 1961).
120 "Sheldon Kauffman and Willard F. Libby did the next best thing": "The Natural Distribution of Tritium," Sheldon Kaufman and W. F. Libby, Physical Review 93 (1954), p. 1337. See for this article.
124 "Elements that emit gamma rays, alpha particles, or beta particles": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974).
125 (figure caption) Buck Rogers ray-gun image from Raygun, Eugene W. Metcalf and Frank Maresca, photographed by Charles Bechtold (Fotofolio, 1999).
125 (figure caption) Penetration of matter by radiation image adapted from www.hyperphysics.phys-astr.gsu.edu Web site.
126 "Russian journalist Alexander Litvinenko was murdered": The Terminal Spy: A True Story of Espionage, Betrayal and Murder, Alan S. Crowell (Broadway, 2008).
127 "When some of these particles strike the DNA in our cells": "Cosmic Rays: A Review for Astrobiologists," Franco Ferrari and Ewa Szuszkiewicz, Astrobiology 9, 413 (2009).
CHAPTER 11.
128 "In the 1962 Gold Key comic book series": Doctor Solar-Man of the Atom, written by Paul S. Newman and drawn by Bob Fujitani (Gold Key Comics, 1962), reprinted in Doctor Solar-Man of the Atom, vols. 1-4 (Dark Horse Books, 2004-2008).
129 "Captain Atom": s.p.a.ce Adventures # 33, written by Joe Gill and Steve Ditko and drawn by Steve Ditko (Charlton Comics, Mar. 1960), reprinted in Action Hero Archives, vol. 1 (DC Comics, 2004).
129 Dr. Solar, Man of the Atom # 14, written by Paul S. Newman and drawn by Frank Bolle (Gold Key Comics, Sept. 1965), reprinted in Doctor Solar-Man of the Atom, vol. 2 (Dark Horse Books, 2005).
130 "Neutrons themselves are not stable": The Story of Quantum Mechanics, Victor Guillemin (Charles Scribner"s Sons, 1968).
131 "When physicists in the late 1920s discovered this phenomenon": Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory, George Gamow (Dover, 1985).
132 "fortunately this inverse process occurs constantly in the center of the sun": "Nuclear Astrophysics," M. Arnould and K. Takahashi, Rep. Prog. Phys. 62, 395 (1999).
133 (figure caption) Image adapted from www.hyperphysics.phys-astr.gsu.edu Web site.
134 (footnote) "To this Eddington replied in 1920": "Arthur Stanley Eddington: A Centennial Tribute," Joe S. Tenn, Mercury 11 (1982), p. 178.
135 "the average photon spends forty thousand years colliding": "How Long Does It Take for Heat to Flow Through the Sun?" G. Fiorentini and B. Rici, Comments on Modern Physics 1 (1999), p. 49.
135 "Our sun converts a great deal of hydrogen": "The Evolution and Explosion of Ma.s.sive Stars," S. E. Woolsey and A. Heger, Reviews of Modern Physics 74 (Oct. 2002), p. 1015.
136 "For more than fifty years, scientists have been attempting to construct a fusion reactor": Sun in a Bottle, Charles Seife (Viking, 2008); "Fusion"s False Dawn," Michael Moyer, Scientific American 302, 50 (2010).
136 "This so-called cold fusion process": Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion, Gary Taubes (Random House, 1993).
CHAPTER 12.
141 "The agreement between theoretical predictions": QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Richard P. Feynman (Princeton University Press, 1988).
142 "The collective behavior of quantum particles": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974).
144 "Think about a ribbon": The argument involving a ribbon with different colors on each side is adapted from that in "The Reason for Antiparticles," Richard P. Feynman, in Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics, Richard P. Feynman and Steven Weinberg (Cambridge University Press, 1987). Feynman credits this a.n.a.logy to David Finkelstein.
146 "described as the difference of two functions, A and B": The Quantum World: Quantum Physics for Everyone, Kenneth W. Ford (Harvard University Press, 2004).
148 "Wolfgang Pauli, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics": Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory, George Gamow (Dover, 1985).
150 "One easy way to satisfy the Pauli principle": Electrons in Metals: A Short Guide to the Fermi Surface, J. M. Ziman (Taylor and Francis, 1963).
CHAPTER 13.
155 The Superorganism-The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies, Bert Holldobler and Edward O. Wilson (W. W. Norton & Co., 2008).
155 The Cosmic Rape, Theodore Sturgeon (Pocket Books, 1958).
155 (footnote) More Than Human, Theodore Sturgeon (Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953).
156 "Bose-Einstein condensate": The Quantum World: Quantum Physics for Everyone, Kenneth W. Ford (Harvard University Press, 2004).
158 "This symmetry indicates that the two-particle wave function": Ibid.
160 Village of the d.a.m.ned, written by Stirling Silliphant, Wolf Rilla, and Ronald Kinnoch and directed by Wolf Rilla (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1960).
161 "helium is an example of an atom": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974).
162 "Experimentalists in 1965," "Gyroscopic Detection of Persistent Flow of Super fluid Liquid Helium," J.B. Mehl and W. Zimmermann Jr., Physical Review Letters 14, p. 815 (1965).
163 "an electrical a.n.a.log to superfluidity": The Path of No Resistance: The Story of a Revolution in Superconductivity, Bruce Schechter (Simon and Schuster, 1989); Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd Edition, Michael Tinkham (Dover, 2004); "Observation of Persistent Current in a Superconducting Solenoid," J. File and R.G. Mills, Physical Review of Letters 10, p. 93 (1963).
166 "Max Planck and how his explanation of the spectrum of light": Quantum Legacy: The Discovery That Changed Our Universe, Barry Parker (Prometheus Books, 2002); Men Who Made a New Physics, Barbara Lovett Cline (University of Chicago Press, 1987).
167 "What if the box were filled with light": Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory, George Gamow (Dover, 1985).
168 "The box containing light can be considered a gas of photons": Ibid.; The Atom and Its Nucleus, George Gamow (Prentice Hall, 1961).
CHAPTER 14.
173 "In our world the eighty-sixth floor of the Empire State Building": Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, Philip Joes Farmer (Doubleday, 1973); A History of the Doc Savage Adventures, Robert Michael "Bobb" Cotter (McFarland and Company, 2009).
174 "Dent and his wife lived for several years on a forty-foot schooner": Lester Dent: The Man, His Craft and His Market, M. Martin McCarey-Laird (Hidalgo Pub. Co., 1994); Bigger Than Life: The Creator of Doc Savage, Marilyn Cannaday (Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990).
174 "called his Fortress of Solitude": Fortress of Solitude, Lester Dent (under the pen name Kenneth Robeson) (Street and Smith, 1938); reprinted in Doc Savage # 1 (Nostalgia Ventures, 2006).
174 "his tie and jacket b.u.t.tons hid . . . and his car could produce": "The Bronze Genius," Will Murray in The Man Behind Doc Savage: A Tribute to Lester Dent, edited by Robert Weinberg (Weinberg, 1974).
174 "the comic-book superhero foursome": "Introduction to The Fortress of Solitude" in Doc Savage # 1 (Nostalgia Ventures, 2006).
174 "Doc"s gadgets were similarly ahead of his time": "The Bronze Genius," Will Murray in The Man Behind Doc Savage: A Tribute to Lester Dent, edited by Robert Weinberg (Weinberg, 1974).
174 "According to Dent, a reference to radar": Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, Philip Jose Farmer (Doubleday, 1973).
175 The Man of Bronze, Lester Dent (under the pen name Kenneth Robeson) (Street and Smith, 1933); reprinted in Doc Savage # 14 (Nostalgia Ventures, 2008).
175 (footnote) ""Ralph 124C 41+"": The relevant paragraph, containing a detailed description of what we would today term "radar," is reproduced in Alternate Worlds: The Ill.u.s.trated History of Science Fiction, James Gunn (Prentice-Hall, 1975).
177 "What determines these transition rates": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974); QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Richard P. Feynman (Princeton University Press, 1988).
CHAPTER 15.
183 "the demand for Buck Rogers- and Flash Gordon-inspired toy ray guns": Raygun, Eugene W. Metcalf and Frank Maresca, photographed by Charles Bechtold (Fotofolio, 1999).
183 "At his press conference in 1960, Maiman was peppered": The Laser Odyssey, T. H. Maiman (Laser Press, 2000).
183 "scientists from Bell Labs were instructed by management": "Bell Labs and the Ruby Laser," D. F. Nelson, R. J. Collins, W. Kaiser, Physics Today 63, 40 (2010).
184 Goldfinger, written by Richard Maibaum and Paul Dehn and directed by Guy Hamilton (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1964).
184 "The circular buzz saw of the 1959 novel": Goldfinger, Ian Fleming (Jonathan Cape, 1959).
184 "How can one ensure that all the electrons residing in the laser levels": Lasers and Holography: An Introduction to Coherent Optics, 2nd edition, Winston k.o.c.k (Dover, 1981).
184 (footnote) "a mixture of two gases, helium and neon": Quantum Legacy: The Discovery That Changed Our Universe, Barry Parker (Prometheus Books, 2002).
185 (footnote) "the above argument applies to electric dipole transitions": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974); QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Richard P. Feynman (Princeton University Press, 1988).
186 "The device produces light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation": Lasers and Holography: An Introduction to Coherent Optics, 2nd edition, Winston k.o.c.k (Dover, 1981).
187 "sent out from a lab on Earth": They All Laughed: From Light Bulbs to Lasers: The Fascinating Stories Behind the Great Inventions That Have Changed Our Lives, Ira Flatow (Harper Perennial, 1992).
187 "Both of these elements . . . are thus chemically inert": Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick (John Wiley and Sons, 1974).
188 "Digital video discs (DVDs) and compact discs (CDs)": How Everything Works: Making Physics Out of the Ordinary, Louis A. Bloomfield (John Wiley and Sons, 2008).