One day, not long ago, a neighbor of Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, of honored memory, was talking to me about him. Among the score of charming anecdotes of the dear Colonel that she told me, there was one, the most delightful of all, that related to the time-worn subject of the child in the library. "As a family, we were readers," she said. "The importance of reading had been impressed upon our minds from our earliest youth. All of us liked to read, excepting one sister, younger than I. She cared little for it; and she seldom did it. I was a mere child, but so earnestly had I always been told that children who did not read would grow up ignorant that I worried greatly over my sister who would not read. At last I unburdened my troubled mind to Colonel Higginson. "She doesn"t like to read; she doesn"t read," I confided. "I am afraid she will grow up ignorant; and then she will be ashamed! And think how we shall feel!" The Colonel considered my words in silence for a time. Then he said: "There is a large and finely selected library in your house; don"t be disturbed regarding your sister, my dear. She will not grow up ignorant. You see, she is exposed to books! She is certain to get something of what is in them!""
Colonel Higginson"s neighbor went on to say that from that day she was no longer haunted by the fear that her sister, because she did not read, would grow up ignorant. Are many of us in that same condition of feeling with respect to the children of our acquaintance, even after we have provided them with as excellent a library as had that other child in which they may be "exposed to books"? On the contrary, so solicitous are we that, having furnished to the best of our knowledge the best books, we do not rest until we are reasonably sure that the children are, not simply getting something from them, but getting it at the right times and in the right ways. And everything and every one conspires to help us. Publishers issue volumes by the dozen with such t.i.tles as "The Children"s Reading" and "A Guide to Good Reading" and "Golden Books for Children." The librarian of the "children"s room" in many a library sets apart a certain hour of each week or each month for the purpose of telling the children stories from the books that we are all agreed the children should read, hoping by this means to inspire the boys and girls to read the particular books for themselves. No effort is regarded as too great if, through it, the children seem likely to acquire the habit of using books; using them for work, and using them for recreation.
Certainly our labors in this direction on behalf of the children are amply rewarded. Not only are American children of the present time fond of reading--most children of other times have been that; they have a quite remarkable skill and ease in the use of books.
A short while ago, spending a spring week-end with a friend who lives in the country, I chanced to see a brilliant scarlet bird which neither my hostess nor I could identify. "It was a redbird, I suppose," I said, in mentioning it later to a city acquaintance.
"What _is_ a redbird?" she asked. "Is it a cardinal, or a tanager, or something still different?"
"I don"t know," I replied. "Perhaps," I added, turning to her little girl often who was in the room, "_you_ know; children learn so much about birds in their "nature study.""
"No," the child answered; "but," she supplemented confidently, "I can find out."
Several days afterward she came to call. "Do you remember _exactly_ the way that red bird you saw in the country looked?" she inquired, almost as soon as we met.
"Just red, I think," I said.
"Not with black wings?" she suggested.
"I hardly think so," I answered.
"P"aps it had a few _white_ feathers in its wings?" she hinted.
"I believe not," I said.
"Then," she observed, with an air of finality, "it was a cardinal grosbeak; and the other name for that _is_ redbird; so you saw a redbird. The scarlet tanager is red, too, but it has black wings, and it isn"t called a redbird; and the crossbill is red, with a few _white_ feathers, and _it_ isn"t called a redbird either. Only the cardinal grosbeak is. That was what you saw," she repeated.
"And who told you all this?" I queried.
"n.o.body," the little girl made reply. "I looked it up in the library."
She was only ten. "How did you look it up?" I found myself asking.
"First," she explained, "I picked out the birds on the bird charts that were red. The charts told their names. Then I got out a bird book, and looked till I found where it told about those birds."
"Do you look up many things in the library?" I questioned.
"Oh, yes," the child replied.
"And do you always find them?" I continued.
"Not always by myself," she confessed. "Everything isn"t as easy to look up as birds. But when I can"t, there is always the librarian, and she helps; and when she is helping, "most _anything_ gets found!"
The public library of my small friend"s city, not being the library I habitually used, was only slightly familiar to me. Not long after I had been so earnestly a.s.sured that the scarlet bird I had seen was a redbird, I made occasion to go to the library in which the information had been gathered. It was such a public library as may be seen in very nearly every small city in the United States. Built of stone; lighted and heated according to the most approved modern methods; divided into "stack-rooms" and "reading-rooms" and "receiving-rooms"--it was that "typical American library" of which we are, as we should be, so proud. I did not ask to be directed to the "children"s room"; I simply followed a group of children who had come into the building with me.
The "children"s room," too, was "typical." It was a large, sunny place, furnished with low bookcases, small tables, and chairs. Around two walls, above the shelves, were pictures of famous authors, and celebrated scenes likely to be known to children. At one end of the room the bird charts of which I had so interestingly heard were posted, together with flower charts and animal charts, of which I had not been told. At the other end was the desk of the librarian, who so helped young investigators that, when she helped, _anything_ got found.
I seated myself at the little table nearest her desk. She smiled, but she said nothing. Neither did I say anything. The time of day was just after school; the librarian was too much occupied to talk to a stray visitor. I remained for fully an hour; and during that hour a steady stream of children pa.s.sed in and out of the room. Some of them selected books, and, having obtained them, departed; others stayed to read, and others walked softly about, examining the pictures and charts. All of them, whatever their various reasons for coming to the library, began or ended their visits in conference with the librarian. They spoke just above a whisper, as befitted the place, but I was near enough to hear all that was said.
"We want to give a play at school the last day before Christmas vacation," said one small girl; "is there a good one here?"
The librarian promptly recommended and put into the child"s hands a little volume ent.i.tled "Fairy Tales a Child Can Read and Act."
A boy, entering rather hurriedly, asked, "Could I have a book that tells how to make a wireless set--and have it quick, so I can begin to-day before dark?"
It was not a moment before the librarian found for him a book called "Wireless Telegraphy for Amateurs and Students."
Another boy, less on pleasure bent, pet.i.tioned for a "book about Abraham Lincoln that will tell things to put in a composition on him." And a girl, at whose school no Christmas play was apparently to be given, asked for "a piece of poetry to say at school just before Christmas."
For these two, as for all who preceded or followed them, the librarian had help.
"How wonderful, how unique!" exclaimed an Italian friend to whom I related the experiences of that afternoon hour in the "children"s room"
in the library of that small city.
But it seems to me that the wonderful thing about it is that it is not unique; that in almost any "children"s room" in almost any public library in America practically the same condition prevails. Not only are "children"s rooms" of a very fine order to be found in great numbers; but children"s librarians, as sympathetic and as capable as the librarian of my small friend"s library, in as great numbers, are in charge of those rooms. So recognized a profession has theirs come to be that, connected with one of the most prominent libraries in the country, there is a "School for Children"s Librarians."
The "children"s librarians" do not stop at a.s.sisting them in choosing books. The story hour has come to be as important in the "children"s rooms" as it is now in the school, as it has always been in the home.
Telling stories to children has grown to be an art; there is more than one text-book laying down its "principles and laws." Many a librarian is also an accomplished story-teller, and in an increasing number of libraries there is a story hour in the "children"s rooms." Beyond question, we in America have taken every care that our public libraries shall mean something more to the boys and girls than places in which they are merely "exposed to books."
American children read; it is doubtful whether any other children in the world read so much or so intelligently. In our public libraries we plan with such completeness for their reading that they can scarcely escape becoming readers! At home we keep constantly in mind the great importance of inculcating in them a love of books and a wontedness in their use. To so many of their questionings we reply by advising, "Get a book about it from the library." So many of the fundamental lessons of life we first bring to their attention by putting into their hands books treating of those lessons written by experts--written, moreover, expressly for parents to give to their boys and girls to read.
A few days ago I received a letter from a mother saying: "Do you know of a book on hygiene that I can give to my children to read--a book on that subject _for_ children?"
Within reach of my hand I had such a book, ent.i.tled "The Child"s Day," a simply, but scientifically, written little volume, telling children what to do from the hour of rising until the hour of retiring, in order to keep well and strong, able to do good work at school, and to enjoy as good play after school. It was a book that a child not only could read with profit, but would read with pleasure.
At about the same time a father said to me: "Is there any book written for children about good citizenship--a sort of primer of civics, I mean?
I require something of that kind for my boy."
A book to meet that particular need, too, was on my book-shelves.
"Lessons for Junior Citizens," it is called. In the clearest, and also the most charming, form it tells the boys and girls about the government, national and local, of their country, and teaches them their relation to that government.
It is safe to say that there is practically no subject so mature that it is not now the theme of a book, or a score of books, written especially for children. Every one of the numerous publishing houses in the United States issues yearly as many good volumes of this particular type as are submitted. A century ago a new writer was most likely to win the interest of a publisher by sending him a ma.n.u.script subt.i.tled, "A Novel." At the present time a beginner can more quickly awaken the interest of a publisher by submitting a ma.n.u.script the t.i.tle of which contains the words, "For Children."
"Authors" editions" of books we have long had offered us by publishers; "_editions de luxe_" too; and "limited editions of fifty copies, each copy numbered." These are all old in the world of books. What is new, indeed, is the "children"s edition." We have it in many shapes, from "d.i.c.kens for Children" to "The Children"s Longfellow." These volumes find their way into the "children"s rooms" of all our public libraries; and, quite as surely, they help to fill the "children"s bookcases" in the private libraries to be found in a large proportion of American homes. For no public library can take the place in the lives of the children of a private library made up of their "very own" books. The public library may, however, often have a predominant share in determining the selection of those "very own" books. The children wish to possess such books as they have read in the "children"s room."
Sometimes a child has still another similar reason for wishing to own a certain book. Only the other day I had a letter from a boy to whom I had sent a copy of "The Story of a Bad Boy." "I am glad to have it," he said. "The library has it, and father has it. I like to have what the library and father have."
Parents buy books for their children in very much the proportions that parents bought them before the land was dotted with public libraries.
Indeed, they buy books in larger proportions, for the reason that there are so many more books to be bought! The problem of the modern father or mother is not, as it once was, to discover a volume likely to interest the children; but, from among the countless volumes offered for sale, all certain to interest the children, to choose one, two, or three that seem most excellent where all are so good. A mother of a few generations ago whose small boy was eager to read tales of chivalry simply gave him "Le Morte D"Arthur"; there was no "children"s edition" of it, no "Boy"s King Arthur," no "Tales of the Round Table." The father whose little girl desired to read for herself the stories of Greece he had told her put into her hands Bulfinch"s "Age of Fable"; he could not, as can fathers to-day, give her Kingsley"s rendering, or Hawthorne"s, or Miss Josephine Preston Peabody"s. Like the father of Aurora Leigh,--
"He wrapt his little daughter in his large Man"s doublet, careless did it fit or no."
At the present time we do not often see a child wrapped in a large man"s doublet of a book; even more seldom do we see a father careless if it fit or no. What we plainly behold is that doublet, cut down, and most painstakingly fitted to the child"s little mind.
Unquestionably the children lose something by this. The great books of the world do not lend themselves well to making over. "Tales from Shakespeare" are apt to leave out Shakespeare"s genius, and "Stories from Homer" are not Homer. In cutting the doublet to fit, the most precious part of the fabric is in danger of being sacrificed.
But whatever the children lose when they are small, they find again when they come to a larger growth. Most significant of all, when they find it, they recognize it. A little girl who is a friend of mine had read Lambs" "Tales." The book had been given to her when she was eight years old. She is nine now. One day, not long ago, she was lingering before my bookcases, taking out and glancing through various volumes. Suddenly she came running to me, a copy of "As You Like It" in her hand. "This story is in one of my books!" she cried.