"Many of our officers were now so elated with the apparent result of demolition, that they urged General Gillmore to allow them to a.s.sault the fort as soon as it became dark.
General Gillmore yielded to the solicitations of the officers, but very reluctantly, for he was not convinced that the proper time had arrived; but the order was finally given for the attack to take place just after dark. Fatal error as to time, for our troops in the daytime would have been successful, since they would not have collided with each other; they could have seen their foes, and the arena of combat, and the fleet could have a.s.sisted them with their guns, and prevented the landing of the re-enforcements from Charleston.
"It was a beautiful and calm evening when the troops who were to form the a.s.saulting column moved out on to the broad and smooth beach left by the receding tide.
"The last rays of the setting sun illumined the grim walls and shattered mounds of Wagner with a flood of crimson light, too soon, alas! to be deeper dyed with the red blood of struggling men.
"Our men halted, and formed their ranks upon the beach, a mile and more away from the deadly breach. Quietly they stood leaning upon their guns, and awaiting the signal of attack. There stood, side by side, the hunter of the far West, the farmer of the North, the stout lumber-man from the forests of Maine, and the black Phalanx Ma.s.sachusetts had armed and sent to the field.
"In this hour of peril there was no jealousy, no contention.
The black Phalanx were to lead the forlorn hope. And they were proud of their position, and conscious of its danger.
Although we had seen many of the famous regiments of the English, French, and Austrian armies, we were never more impressed with the fury and majesty of war than when we looked upon the solid ma.s.s of the thousand black men, as they stood, like giant statues of marble, upon the snow-white sands of the beach, waiting the order to advance.
And little did we think, as we gazed with admiration upon that splendid column of four thousand brave men, that ere an hour had pa.s.sed, half of them would be swept away, maimed or crushed in the gathering whirlwind of death! Time pa.s.sed quickly, and twilight was fast deepening into the darkness of night, when the signal was given. Onward moved the chosen and ill-fated band, making the earth tremble under the heavy and monotonous tread of the dense ma.s.s of thousands of men.
Wagner lay black and grim in the distance, and silent. Not a glimmer of light was seen. Not a gun replied to the bombs which our mortars still constantly hurled into the fort. Not a shot was returned to the terrific volleys of the giant frigate Ironsides, whose sh.e.l.ls, ever and anon, plunged into the earthworks, illuminating their recesses for an instant in the glare of their explosion, but revealing no signs of life.
"Were the rebels all dead? Had they fled from the pitiless storm which our batteries had poured down upon them for so many hours? Where were they?
"Down deep beneath the sand heaps were excavated great caverns, whose floors were level with the tide, and whose roofs were formed of huge trunks of trees laid in double rows. Still above these ma.s.sive beams sand was heaped so deeply that even our enormous sh.e.l.ls could not penetrate the roofs, though they fell from the skies above. In these dark subterranean retreats two thousand men lay hid, like panthers in a swamp, waiting to leap forth in fury upon their prey.
"The signal given, our forces advanced rapidly towards the fort, while our mortars in the rear tossed their bombs over their heads. The Fifty-fourth Ma.s.sachusetts [Phalanx Regiment] led the attack, supported by the 6th Conn., 48th N. Y., 3rd N. H., 76th Penn. and the 9th Maine Regiments.
Onward swept the immense ma.s.s of men, swiftly and silently, in the dark shadows of night. Not a flash of light was seen in the distance! No sentinel hoa.r.s.ely challenged the approaching foe! All was still save the footsteps of the soldiers, which sounded like the roar of the distant surf, as it beats upon the rock-bound coast.
[Ill.u.s.tration: AT FORT WAGNER.
Desperate charge of the 54th Ma.s.s. Vols. in the a.s.sault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863.]
"Ah, what is this! The silent and shattered walls of Wagner all at once burst forth into a blinding sheet of vivid light, as though they had suddenly been transformed by some magic power into the living, seething crater of a volcano!
Down came the whirlwind of destruction along the beach with the swiftness of lightning! How fearfully the hissing shot, the shrieking bombs, the whistling bars of iron, and the whispering bullet struck and crushed through the dense ma.s.ses of our brave men! I never shall forget the terrible sound of that awful blast of death, which swept down, shattered or dead, a thousand of our men. Not a shot had missed its aim. Every bolt of steel, every globe of iron and lead, tasted of human blood.
""Forward!" shouted the undaunted Putnam, as the column wavered and staggered like a giant stricken with death.
""Steady, my boys!" murmured the brave leader, General Strong, as a cannon-shot dashed him, maimed and bleeding, into the sand.
"In a moment the column recovered itself, like a gallant ship at sea when buried for an instant under an immense wave.
"The ditch is reached; a thousand men leap into it, clamber up the shattered ramparts, and grapple with the foe, which yields and falls back to the rear of the fort. Our men swarm over the walls, bayoneting the desperate rebel cannoneers.
Hurrah! the fort is ours!
"But now came another blinding blast from concealed guns in the rear of the fort, and our men went down by scores. Now the rebels rally, and, re-enforced by thousands of the chivalry, who have landed on the beach under cover of darkness, unmolested by the guns of the fleet. They hurl themselves with fury upon the remnant of our brave band. The struggle is terrific. Our supports hurry up to the aid of their comrades, but as they reach the ramparts they fire a volley which strikes down many of our men. Fatal mistake!
Our men rally once more; but, in spite of an heroic resistance, they are forced back again to the edge of the ditch. Here the brave Shaw, with scores of his black warriors went down, fighting desperately. Here Putnam met his death wound, while cheering and urging on the overpowered Phalanx men.
"What fighting, and what fearful carnage! Hand to hand, breast to breast! Here, on this little strip of land, scarce bigger than the human hand, dense ma.s.ses of men struggled with fury in the darkness; and so fierce was the contest that the sands were reddened and soaked with human gore.
"But resistance was vain. The a.s.sailants were forced back again to the beach, and the rebels trained their recovered cannon anew upon the retreating survivors.
"What a fearful night was that, as we gathered up our wounded heroes, and bore them to a place of shelter! And what a mournful morning, as the sun rose with his clear beams, and revealed our terrible losses! What a rich harvest Death had gathered to himself during the short struggle!
Nearly two thousand of our men had fallen. More than six hundred of our brave boys lay dead on the ramparts of the fatal fort, in its broad ditch, and along the beach at its base. A flag of truce party went out to bury our dead, but General Beauregard they found had already buried them, where they fell, in broad, deep trenches."
Colonel Shaw, the young and gallant commander of the 54th Regiment, was formerly a member of the famous 7th N. Y. Regiment. He was of high, social and influential standing, and in his death won distinction. The confederates added to his fame and glory, though unintentionally, by burying him with his soldiers, or as a confederate Major expressed the information, when a request for the Colonel"s body was made, "we have buried him with his n.i.g.g.e.rs!"
A poet has immortalized the occurrence and the gallant Shaw thus:
"They buried him with his n.i.g.g.e.rs!"
Together they fought and died.
There was room for them all where they laid him, (The grave was deep and wide).
For his beauty and youth and valor, Their patience and love and pain; And at the last together They shall be found again.
"They buried him with his n.i.g.g.e.rs!"
Earth holds no prouder grave; There is not a mausoleum In the world beyond the wave, That a n.o.bler tale has hallowed, Or a purer glory crowned, Than the nameless trench where they buried The brave so faithful found.
"They buried him with his n.i.g.g.e.rs!"
A wide grave should it be; They buried more in that shallow trench Than human eye could see.
Aye, all the shames and sorrows Of more than a hundred years Lie under the weight of that Southern soil Despite those cruel sneers.
"They buried him with his n.i.g.g.e.rs!"
But the glorious souls set free Are leading the van of the army That fights for liberty.
Brothers in death, in glory The same palm branches bear; And the crown is as bright o"er the sable brows As over the golden hair.
Buried with a band of brothers Who for him would fain have died; Buried with the gallant fellows Who fell fighting by his side;
Buried with the men G.o.d gave him, Those whom he was sent to save; Buried with the martyr heroes, He has found an honored grave.
Buried where his dust so precious Makes the soil a hallowed spot; Buried where by Christian patriot, He shall never be forgot.
Buried in the ground accursed, Which man"s fettered feet have trod; Buried where his voice still speaketh, Appealing for the slave to G.o.d;
Fare thee well, thou n.o.ble warrior, Who in youthful beauty went On a high and holy mission, By the G.o.d of battles sent.
Chosen of him, "elect and precious,"
Well didst thou fulfil thy part; When thy country "counts her jewels,"
She shall wear thee on her heart.
The heroic courage displayed by the gallant Phalanx at the a.s.sault upon Fort Wagner was not surpa.s.sed by the Old Guard at Moscow. Major-General Taliaferro gives this confederate account of the fight, which is especially interesting as it shows the condition of affairs inside the fort:
"On the night of the 14th the monster iron-plated frigate New Ironsides, crossed the bar and added her formidable and ponderous battery to those destined for the great effort of reducing the sullen earthwork which barred the Federal advance. There were now five monitors, the Ironsides and a fleet of gunboats and monster hulks grouped together and only waiting the signal to unite with the land batteries when the engineers should p.r.o.nounce them ready to form a cordon of flame around the devoted work. The Confederates were prepared for the ordeal. For fear that communications with the city and the mainland, which was had by steamboat at night to c.u.mmings" Point should be interrupted, rations and ordnance stores had been acc.u.mulated, but there was trouble about water. Some was sent from Charleston and wells had been dug in the sand inside and outside the fort, but it was not good. Sand bags had been provided and trenching tools supplied sufficient for any supposed requirement.
"The excitement of the enemy in front after the 10th was manifest to the Confederates and announced an "impending crisis." It became evident that some extraordinary movement was at hand. The Federal forces on James Island had been attacked on the morning of the 16th by General Hagood and caused to retire, Hagood occupying the abandoned positions, and on the 17th the enemy"s troops were transferred to Little Folly and Morris Islands. It has been stated that the key to the signals employed by the Federals was in possession of General Taliaferro at this time, and he was thus made acquainted with the intended movement and put upon his guard. That is a mistake. He had no such direct information, although it is true that afterwards the key was discovered and the signals interpreted with as much ease as by the Federals themselves. The 18th of July was the day determined upon by the Federal commanders for the grand attempt which, if successful, would level the arrogant fortress and confuse it by the mighty power of their giant artillery with the general ma.s.s of surrounding sand hills, annihilate its garrison or drive them into the relentless ocean, or else consign them to the misery of hostile prisons.
"The day broke beautifully, a gentle breeze slightly agitated the balmy atmosphere, and with rippling dimples beautified the bosom of the placid sea. All nature was serene and the profoundest peace held dominion over all the elements. The sun, rising with the early splendors of his midsummer glory, burnished with golden tints the awakening ocean, and flashed his reflected light back from the spires of the beleaguered city into the eyes of those who stood pausing to gather strength to spring upon her, and of those who stood at bay to battle for her safety. Yet the profound repose was undisturbed; the early hours of that fair morning hoisted a flag of truce between the combatants which was respected by both. But the tempest of fire which was destined to break the charm of nature, with human thunders then unsurpa.s.sed in war, was gathering in the south. At about half-past 7 o"clock the ships of war moved from their moorings, the iron leviathan the Ironsides, an Agamemnon among ships, leading and directing their movements, then monitor after monitor, and then wooden flagships. Steadily and majestically they marched; marched as columns of men would march, obedient to commands, independent of waves and winds, mobilized by steam and science to turn on a pivot and manoeuvre as the directing mind required them; they halted in front of the fort; they did not anchor as Sir Peter Parker"s ships had done near a hundred years before in front of Moultrie, which was hard by and frowning still at her ancient enemies of the ocean. They halted and waited for word of command to belch their consuming lightnings out upon the foe. On the land, engineering skill was satisfied and the deadly exposure for details for labor was ended; the time for retaliation had arrived when the defiant shots of the rebel batteries would be answered; the batteries were unmasked; the cordon of fire was complete by land and by sea; the doomed fort was encircled by guns.
"The Confederates watched from the ramparts the approach of the fleet and the unmasking of the guns, and they knew that the moment had arrived in which the problem of the capacity of the resistant power of earth and sand to the forces to which science so far developed in war could subject them was to be solved and that Battery Wagner was to be that day the subject of the crucial test. The small armament of the fort was really inappreciable in the contest about to be inaugurated. There was but one gun which could be expected to be of much avail against the formidable naval power which would a.s.sail it and on the land side few which could reach the enemy"s batteries. When these guns were knocked to pieces and silenced there was nothing left but pa.s.sive resistance, but the Confederates, from the preliminary tests which had been applied, had considerable faith in the capacity of sand and earth for pa.s.sive resistance.
"The fort was in good condition, having been materially strengthened since the former a.s.sault by the indefatigable exertions of Colonel David Harris, chief engineer, and his valuable a.s.sistant, Captain Barnwell. Colonel Harris was a Virginian, ex-officer of the army of the United States and a graduate of West Point, who had some years before retired from the service to prosecute the profession of civil engineering. Under a tempest of sh.e.l.ls he landed during the fiercest period of the bombardment at c.u.mmings" Point, and made his way through the field of fire to the beleaguered fort to inspect its condition and to inspire the garrison by his heroic courage and his confidence in its strength.
Escaping all the dangers of war, he fell a victim to yellow fever in Charleston, beloved and honored by all who had ever known him. The heavy work imposed upon the garrison in repairs and construction, as well as the strain upon the system by constant exposure to the enemy"s fire, had induced General Beauregard to adopt the plan of relieving the garrison every few days by fresh troops. The objection to this was that the new men had to be instructed and familiarized with their duties; but still it was wise and necessary, for the same set of officers and men, if retained any length of time, would have been broken down by the arduous service required of them. The relief was sent by regiments and detachments, so there was never an entirely new body of men in the works.
"The garrison was estimated at one thousand seven hundred aggregate. The staff of General Taliaferro consisted of Captain Twiggs, Quartermaster General; Captain W. T.
Taliaferro, Adjutant General; Lieutenants H. C. Cunningham and Magyck, Ordnance Officers; Lieutenants Meade and Stoney, Aides-de-Camp; Major Holcombe; Captain Burke, Quartermaster, and Habersham, Surgeon-in-Chief; Private Stockman, of McEnery"s Louisiana Battalion, who had been detailed as clerk because of his incapacity for other duty, from most honorable wounds, acted also in capacity of aid.