CHAPTER XXVII.
THE TEMPERANCE LECTURE.
The news that Nat would give a lecture on the subject of temperance soon spread through the town, and both the friends and the foes of the cause discussed the antic.i.p.ated event.
"So it seems that Nat is going to preach temperance to us," said a customer of Miles, the rumseller. "I should think the little upstart thought he was going to reform the town."
"Nat is no upstart I a.s.sure you; but he is going a little too fast now,"
replied Miles. "He is young, however, and he will learn some things in a few years that he don"t know now."
"I "spose every dog must have his day," continued the customer, "and so it must be with timp"rance. It will have its run, and then die a nat"ral death. But it makes me mad to see folks meddle with what is none of their business. Just as if a man hadn"t a right to drink when he is a mind to!"
"It"s a free country yet," answered Miles, "and all these reformers will find it out before long. But shall you go to hear Nat lecture?"
"I go!" exclaimed the customer. "You won"t ketch this child there, I can tell you. Do you "spose I would go to hear what I don"t believe? It"s all nonsense, the whole of it, and it shan"t have my support."
"I can"t agree with you on that point," replied Miles. "_I_ sometimes go to hear what I don"t believe, and I guess _you_ do. I think I shall go to hear Nat if I can leave. I want to see how he makes out!"
"You may go for all I care," added the customer, "and find yourself insulted and abused as rumsellers usually are in such lectures."
On the evening of the lecture, Miles actually went to hear it, and there was a good number of his customers present. Curiosity to hear Nat overcame their opposition to the cause, for the time being, so that they were drawn thither. A lecture by any one else would not have called them out, but the attraction now was too great to be resisted. The hall was crowded with the old and young, and there was not a vacant place for another.
The subject of Nat"s lecture was "THE FIFTEEN GALLON LAW,"
which was then agitating the public mind. It was a new movement by the advocates of temperance, and its friends and foes were arrayed against each other for a hard contest. Nat rejoiced in the movement, and therefore prepared himself to defend the law. We will give, in substance, his argument.
After portraying the evils of intemperance in language and eloquence that riveted the attention of the audience, and confirming his statements by unanswerable statistics, he proceeded to say:--
"That something must be done to stay this tide of evil, or we shall become literally a nation of drunkards. It is vain to enact laws to punish the drunkard, and still allow the vender of strong drink to dole out his poison by the gla.s.s. For the poor, who need every farthing they earn to purchase bread for their hungry families, will spend their wages at the dram-shop, and leave their children to starve in poverty and degradation. The "Fifteen Gallon Law" is admirably adapted to save this cla.s.s. They are never able to purchase intoxicating drinks in larger quant.i.ties than by the quart or gallon, so that this law will cut off their supplies. It is true, another cla.s.s, who possess the means, will not be deterred from purchases by this law, but it is better to save the poor than to save none at all. This appears to be the best thing that can be done at the present time; perhaps sagacious minds will yet discover a universal remedy for this mammoth evil. At any rate, we are urged by the wants of suffering humanity to advocate this law, which may redeem thousands of the poor from their cups and their misery."
The enemies of the law contended that it was introducing "a new principle of legislation," and that while former laws had only "_regulated_" the sale of strong drink, this Fifteen Gallon Law was "_prohibitory_." To this Nat replied,
"That the legislature has power to restrain all trades which are detrimental to the public welfare, and to regulate or prohibit them according as the public good requires. Legislatures have always acted upon this principle, not only in regard to other trades, but also in respect to the traffic in alcoholic drinks. As long ago as 1680, when the public attention was first directed to the evils of intemperance, a law was enacted _prohibiting_ the sale of a less quant.i.ty than "a quarter cask," by unlicensed persons. It also _prohibited_ all sales after nine o"clock in the evening, and sales at any time to known drunkards. By this law landlords were obliged to suppress excessive drinking on their premises, and not to allow persons to sit in their bar-rooms drinking and tippling. In 1682, intemperance prevailed to such a degree among sailors, that a law was pa.s.sed forbidding the sale of liquors to this cla.s.s, except on a written permit from the master or ship-owner. In 1698, a statute was framed prohibiting all sales to "any apprentice, servant or negro," without a special order from the master.
In 1721 another law was enacted prohibiting sales _on credit_ beyond the amount of ten shillings; and the reason a.s.signed for it was, "for that many persons are so extravagant in their expenses, at taverns and other houses of common entertainment, that it greatly hurts their families, and makes them less able to pay and discharge their honest, just debts."
In 1787 this rule was reenacted, and subsequently _all_ sales _on credit_ were _prohibited_. Seven years after the adoption of the const.i.tution, a statute was pa.s.sed limiting the sale to twenty-eight gallons by unlicensed persons. The statute of 1818 prohibited the sale of liquors "to common drunkards, tipplers, and gamesters; and to persons who so misspend, waste or lessen their estates, as to expose themselves or their families to want, or the town to the burden of their support, by the use of strong drink--or whose health is thus, in the opinion of the selectmen, endangered or injured." Here is prohibition with a vengeance, going much beyond the provisions of the Fifteen Gallon Law, and forbidding the sale to certain persons, and at certain times. A man was even prohibited from asking for credit at the bar, and the landlord could not grant it if he did, without violating a statute of the Commonwealth. How, then, can the enemies of this measure be bare-faced enough to a.s.sert that it is disregarding their inalienable rights? How can they a.s.sert, with a shadow of truth on their side, that it is introducing "a new principle of legislation?" There is no other principle involved in this law than that which is found in our statutes controlling the shooting of certain birds, the sale of tainted meat, the location of slaughter-houses, the existence of lotteries, and many other things that might be named--all showing that the legislature has authority to prohibit whatever the public good requires. That the public good demands the suppression of intemperance, who can deny? It is the greatest scourge of our land, and the world. It sends thirty thousand annually, in our country, to a drunkard"s grave. It tenants our almshouses and prisons with its wretched victims, and causes three fourths of all the crimes that fill the calendars of our courts. It swells your taxes more than all other evils combined, and is the nursery of blasted hopes and miseries that language cannot describe. If then, the public good requires the suppression of any vice in our land, it is this."
Thus he disposed of this plea of the rumsellers, to the happy surprise and satisfaction of the friends of temperance. He discussed other topics connected with the law, and which we have not s.p.a.ce to consider. For an hour or more he held his audience in breathless interest, by the strain of argument and oratory that he poured forth from his fruitful mind and earnest heart. A more delighted audience never listened before to a temperance lecture. Its depth, power, and compa.s.s were more than they expected. A round of hearty applause told plainly how it was received, as Nat uttered the last word, and took his seat.
"There, Nat," said Marcus to him on the following evening, "you did more good last night than all the temperance lecturers who have come to town."
"How so?" inquired Nat, not understanding his meaning.
"They say you fairly convinced Miles, and he is going to stop selling liquor."
"How do you know?" asked Nat, with a very incredulous look. "I shall want pretty good evidence of that before I believe it."
"He has told a half dozen people so to-day, and one of his best customers among the number."
"Who is that?"
"It was Johnson, who pays him as much money in a year as any other man.
Johnson got excited, and denounced him and all the friends of temperance in strong language. He called you a "fool," and Miles cracked you up in return, and so they had it for a while rather hot, much to the amus.e.m.e.nt of Mr. Fairbanks, who happened to hear it."
This was gratifying news to Nat, and to all who sympathized with him in the temperance cause; and it needs some further notice. This Johnson was the customer with whom we became acquainted in another place, a bitter opponent of the "Fifteen Gallon Law." Curiosity, as well as appet.i.te, led him into Miles"s shop on the morning after the lecture, for he wanted to hear about it. He had learned in some way that Miles went, as he intimated to him, and therefore it was a good place to go for information.
"So you went to hear Nat last night?" he said to Miles, as he entered the shop. "Did he make a temperance man of you?" meaning this inquiry for a jest.
"Nat spoke real well," answered Miles, "and his arguments were so good that I can"t answer them. He"s a mighty smart chap."
"What did he harp on last night?" inquired Johnson.
"The Fifteen Gallon Law; and he showed how it would remove the evils of intemperance, which he described so correctly and eloquently that I was astonished. I don"t see where he has ever learnt so much."
"Larnt it!" exclaimed Johnson; "he larnt it where he did his impudence.
I see that he has pulled the wool over your eyes, and you are more than half timperance now."
[Ill.u.s.tration]
"All of that," replied Miles, coolly; "I am going to quit rum-selling at once. If I can"t get my living in an honest way, then I will go to the poor-house."
"I hope you _will_ go there," answered Johnson, starting up from his chair under great excitement. "A man who has no mind of his own ought to go there. I----"
"I thought you was going to say," interrupted Miles, "that I ought to go there to keep company with the paupers I have made. I am pretty sure I should have you for a companion before long, if you don"t alter your hand."
"I never thought you was overstocked with brains," continued Johnson; "but if you will be hoodwinked by that fool of a Nat, you have less than I thought you had. It is great business for a man of your age to give up beat to a boy, and that is all Nat is, though he thinks he"s a man."
"Boy or not," answered Miles, "he spoke better last night than any man I ever heard. He is a first-rate orator, and his defence of the "Fifteen Gallon Law" was unanswerable."
"A feller ought to speak well who has studied as much as he has," said Johnson. "He hain"t earnt his salt for two or three years, "cause he"s too lazy to do any thing but look at a book."
"I don"t care how much he has studied," answered Miles. "If I had a son who could speak as well as he does, I should be proud of him, though he had done nothing but study for ten years. Your talk is very unreasonable, and you know it; and for that reason, it will not change my opinion of Nat."
"Run arter him, then, to your heart"s content," said Johnson, turning to go out, "and be a timperance man if you will,--it"ll take more than this to make you decent;" and with these words he left the premises in a rage.
Mr. Miles carried out his determination to cease the traffic in strong drink, and engage in some more honorable business. His unexpected espousal of the total abstinence principle, and the closing of his dram-shop, offended many of the rum fraternity. It was a signal achievement for the temperance cause, however, and for the welfare of the village.
The lecture of Nat won for him an enviable reputation, not only at home, but abroad, and he was soon invited to deliver it in the neighboring towns. Wherever he consented to give it, it was received with decided favor, and the antic.i.p.ations of hearers were more than realized.
Subsequently he delivered other lectures on the subject of temperance in his native village, and the people soon learned that no lecturer called out so large audiences as he. There was always a desire to hear him; and his sonorous voice, bewitching eloquence, and sensible thoughts, never failed to entertain his auditors.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
SPEECH-MAKING.