Therfor, alle ye lovyng liege men, bothe youre n.o.ble alliaunces and frendis, levithe suche idille lamentacions, put away thoughte and gret pensifnes of suche lamentable pa.s.sions and besinesse, and put ye hem to foryetefulnesse. And doo not away the recordacion of actis and dedis in armes of so many famous and victorious Kingis, Princes, Dukis, Erles, Barounes, and n.o.ble Knightis, as of fulle many other worshipfulle men haunting armes, whiche as verray trew martirs and blissid souls have taken theire last ende by werre; {4} some woundid and taken prisonneres in so just a t.i.tle and conquest uppon youre enheritaunce in Fraunce and Normandie, Gasquyn and Guyen; and also by the famous King and mighty Prince king Edward the thrid, first heriter to the said Royaume of Fraunce, and by Prince Edwarde his eldist son, and alle his n.o.ble bretherin, [who] pursued his t.i.tle and righte be force of armes, as was of late tyme sithe the yere of Crist M^l.iiij^cxv. done, and made a new conquest in conquering bothe the saide Reaume of Fraunce and d.u.c.h.e of Normaundie by the Prince of blissid memorie king Harry the v^{the}. Also be the eide of tho thre n.o.ble prynces his bretherne and be other of his puissant Dukes and lordis, being lieutenaunt[gh] for the werre in that parties, as it is notorily knowen thoroughe alle Cristen nacyons, to the gret renomme and[86] worship of this Reaume.
How every good man of [worshyp yn[87]] armes shulde in the werre be resembled to the condicion of a lion.
And therfor, in conclusion, every man in hym silf let the pa.s.sions of dolours be turned and empressid into vyfnes of here spiritis, of egre courages, of manlinesse and feersnesse, after the condicion of the lion resembled in condicions unto; for as ire, egrenesse, and feersnesse is holden for a vertu in the lion, so in like manere the said condicions is taken for a vertue and renomme of worship to alle tho that haunten armes: that so usithe to be egre, feers uppon his advers partie, and not to be lamentable and sorroufulle after a wrong shewed unto theym. And thus withe coragious hertis putting forthe theire prowes in dedis of armes, so that alle worshipfulle men, whiche oughte to be stedfast and holde togider, may be of one intencion, wille, and comon a.s.sent to vapour, sprede out, according to the flour delice, and avaunce hem forthe be feernesse of strenght and power to the verray effect and dede ayenst the untrew reproches of oure auncien adversaries halding uppon the Frenshe partie, whiche of late tyme by unjust dissimilacions, undre the umbre {5} and coloure of trewis and abstinence of werre late hadde and sacred at the cite of Tairs the .xxviij. day of Maij, the yere of Crist of M^l.iiij^cxliiij^{to}. have by intrusion of soche subtile dissimilacion wonne uppon us bethyn v yeres next foloweng withyn the tyme of [the last[88]] trieux the said Reaume and d.u.c.h.ees, so that in the meane tyme and sethe contynued forthe the saide trewes from yere to yere, to this land grete charge and cost, till they had conspired and wrought theire avauntage, as it approvethe dailie of experience. And under this they bring a.s.sailours uppon this lande and begynneris of the trewis breking.
How the Frenshe partie began firste to offende and brake the Trewis.
[Sidenote: Tempore Regis H. vj^{th}.]
First by taking of youre shippis and marchaundises upon the see, keping men of n.o.ble birthe undre youre predecessoure obedience and divers other true lieges men prisoneris under arest, as that n.o.ble and trew knight ser Gilis the Duke is son of Bretaine, whiche for his grete trouthe and love he hadde to this youre Royaume warde, ayenst all manhode ungoodely entretid, died in prison. And also before the taking of Fugiers ser Simon Morhier knight, the provost of Paris, a lorde also of youre partie and chief of the Kingis counceile, take prisoner by Deepe and paieng a grete raunson or he was deliverid. And sone after one Mauncelle a squier, comyng fro Rone, with .xx. parsones in his company, to Deepe, pesibly in the monythe of Januarij next before the taking of Fugiers, were in Deepe taken prisoneris wrongfullie undre the umbre of trewis. And sithen the lord Faucomberge take prisoner by subtile undew meanys of a cautel taken under safconduct of youre adversarie at Pountelarge the xv day of Maij, the yere of Crist M^l.iiij^cxlix. And also the said forteresse of Pountlarge take the said day be right undew meanys taken uppon the said lorde Faucomberge contrarie to the said trewis, {6} forging here colourable matieris in so detestable unjust quarellis. For reformacion of whiche gret injuries conspired, shewed, and doone, alle ye put to youre handis to this paast and matier.
Comythe therfor and approchen bothe kyn, affinitees, frendis, subgectis, allies, and alle wellewilleris. Now at erst the irnesse be brennyng hote in the fire thoroughe goode courage, the worke is overmoche kindelid and begonne, thoroughe oure dulnesse and sleuthe slommering many day, for be the sheding of the bloode of good cristen people as hathe be done in youre predecessours conquest that now is lost: is said be the wordis of Job: Criethe and bewailethe in the feelde, frendis and kyn, take heede pitously to your bloode.
A question of grete charge and wighte,[89] meoved first to be determyned, whethir for to make werre uppon Cristen bloode is laufulle.
[Sidenote: 1: p^{a}]
[Sidenote: 2: ij^{da}]
[Sidenote: 3: iij^{d}]
But first ther wolde be meoved a question, whiche dame Cristyn makithe mencion of in the seconde chapitre of the Tree of Batailles: whethir that werres and batailes meintenyng and using ben laufulle according to justice or no. And the oppinion of many one wolde undrestond that haunting of armes and werre making is not lefull, ne just thing, for asmoche in haunting and using of werre be many infinite[90] damages and extorsions done, as mourdre, slaugheter, bloode-sheding, depopulacion of contrees, castelles, citees, and townes brennyng, and many suche infinite damages. Wherfor it shulde seme that[91] meintenyng of werre is a cursid deede: not dew to be meyntened. As to this question it[92] may be answerd that entrepruises and werris taken and founded uppon a just cause and a trew t.i.tle is suffred of G.o.d, for dame Cristen seiethe and moevithe, in the first booke of the Arbre of Bataile, how it is for to have in consideracion why that princes shuld maynteyne werre and use bataile; and the saide dame Cristin saiethe v.
causes princ.i.p.alle: thre of them {7} bene of righte: and the other tweyne of vallente. The first cause is to susteyne right and justice; the second is to withestande alle soche mysdoers the whiche wolde do foule[93] greif and oppresse the peple of the contre that the kyng or prince is gouvernoure of; the thrid is for to recuver landes, seignories and goodes [that] be other unrightfully ravisshed, taken away be force, or usurped, whiche shulde apperteine to the kyng and prince of the same seignorie, or ellis to whome his subgettys shuld apparteine [and] be meinteined under. And the other tweyne be but of violence, as for to be venged for dammage or griefe done by another; the othir to conquere straunge countrees bethout[94] any t.i.tle of righte, as king Alexandre conquerid uppon the Romayne: whiche tweine last causes, though[95] the conquest or victorie by violence or by roialle power sownethe worshipfulle in dede of armes, yet ther ought no cristen prince use them. And yet in the first thre causes, before a prince to take an entreprise, it most be done be a just cause, and havyng righte gret deliberacion, by the conduyt and counceile of the most sage approuved men of a reaume or countre that the prince is of: and so for to use it in a just quarelle as[96] the righte execution of justice requirithe, whiche is one of the princ.i.p.alle iiij. cardinall virtues. And if that using of armes and haunting of werre be doone rather for magnificence, pride, and wilfulnesse, to destroie Roiaumes and countreis by roialle gret power, as whan tho that wolde avenge have noo t.i.tle, but sey _Vive le plus fort_, [that] is to sey, Let the grettest maistrie have the feelde,--
[In this place the following insertion is made by a second hand in the margin:]
Lyke as when the duc off Burgoyn by cyvyle bataylle by maisterdom expelled the duc of Orlyance partie and hys frendis owt of Parys cytee the yere of Christ M^l.iiij^cxij, and slow many thowsands and[97] hondredes bethout t.i.tle of justice, but to revenge a synguler querel betwen both prynces for the dethe of the duc off Orlyans, {8} slayn yn the vigille of Seynt Clement by Raulyn Actovyle of Normandie, yn the yeer of Crist M^l.iiij^cvij^o. And the bataylle of Seynt-clow besyde Parys, by the duc of Burgoyn with help of capteyns of England owt of England, waged by the seyd duc, was myghtly foughten and had the fielde ayenste theyr adverse partye. Albeyt the duc of Orlyance waged another armee sone aftyr owt of England to relyeve the ovyrthrow he had at Seyntclowe. And the dyvysyon betwene the duc of Orlyance and the duc of Burgoyn dured yn Fraunce continuelly by .xj.
yeerday, as to the yeere of Crist M^liiij^cxviij, yn wyche yeere Phelip duc of Burgoyn, a greet frende to the land, was pyteousely slayn at Motreaw, and the cyte of Parys ayen taken by the Burgonons; lord Lyseladam prync.i.p.alle capteyn and the erle of Armonak conestable sleyn by the comyns the seyd yere. (_End of the insertion._)
in soche undew enterprises theire can be thought no grettir tiranny, extorcion, ne cruelte [by dyvysyons[98]].
How seint Lowes exorted and counceiled his sonne to moeve no werre ayenst Cristen peple.
[Sidenote: Seynt Lowys. 1270.]
And the blissid king of Fraunce seint Lowes exhortid and comaunded in his testament writen of his owne hand, that he made the tyme of his pa.s.sing of this worlde the year of Crist M^l.cclxx to his sonne Philip that reigned after hym, that he shulde kepe hym welle, to meove no werre ayenst no christen man, but if he had grevously done ayenst him. And if he seke waies of peace, of grace and mercie, thou oughtest pardon hym, and take soche amendis of hym as G.o.d may be pleasid. But as for this blessid kingis counceile, it is notorily and openly knowen thoroughe alle Cristen Royaumes that oure[99] adverse party hathe meoved [and] excited werre and batailes bothe by lond and see ayenst this n.o.ble Royaume bethout any justice [or]
t.i.tle, and bethout waies of pease shewed; and as forto {9} defende them a.s.sailours uppon youre true t.i.tle may be bethout note of tiranye, to put yow in youre devoire to conquere youre rightfulle enheritaunce, without that a bettir moyene be had.
A exortacion of a courageous disposicion for a reformation of a wrong done.
[Sidenote: Exclamacio.]
O then, ye worshipfulle men of the Englisshe nacion, which bene descendid of the n.o.ble Brutis bloode of Troy, suffre ye not than youre highe auncien couragis to be revalid ne desceived by youre said adversaries of Fraunce at this tyme, neither in tyme to come; ne in this maner to be rebuked and put abak, to youre uttermost deshonoure and reproche in the sighte of straunge nacions, without that it may be in goodely hast remedied [as youre hyghnesse now entendyth,[100]] whiche ye have be conquerours of, as ye[101]
to be yolden and overcomen, in deffaute of goode and hasty remedie, thoroughe lak of provision of men of armes, tresour, and finaunce of suffisaunt nombre of goodes, in season and tyme convenable to wage and reliefe them. For were ye not sometyme tho that thoroughe youre gret [prowesse,[102]] corages, feersnes, manlinesse, and of strenght overleid and put in subgeccion the gret myghte and power of the feers and puissaunt figheters of alle straunge nacions that presumed to set ayenst this lande?
How many worthi kinges of this lande have made gret conquestis in ferre contrees in the Holy Lande, and also for the defence and right of this lande, and for the d.u.c.h.e of Normandie.
[Sidenote: Arthur.]
[Sidenote: Brenus.]
[Sidenote: Edmondus Ironside.]
[Sidenote: Willelmus Conquestor.]
[Sidenote: Henricus primus fundator plurimorum castrorum.]
[Sidenote: Robertus frater Henrici primi, electus Rex de Jherusalem, sed renuit.]
[Sidenote: Fulco comes de Angeu, Rex Jerusalem.]
[Sidenote: 1131.]
[Sidenote: De Ricardo Rege primo in terra sancta.]
[Sidenote: Archiepiscopus Cant", Robertus Clare comes Glouc", comes Cestr".]
[Sidenote: Philippus Rex Francie, vocatus Deo datus, in terra sancta.]
[Sidenote: Edwardus Rex primus.]
[Sidenote: Sanctus Lodowicus rex Francorum obiit in viagio antequam pervenit ad terram sanctam.]
[Sidenote: Ricardus Imperator Alemannie et comes Cornewayle.]
[Sidenote: Edwardus primus rex.]
And for an example and witnes of King Arthur, whiche discomfit and sleine was undre his banere the Emperoure of Rome in bataile, and conquerid the gret part of the regions be west of Rome. And many othre conquestis hathe be made before the daies of the said {10} Arthur be many worthi kinges of this roiaume, as Brenus, king Belynus" brother, a puissaunt chosen duke, that was before the Incarnacion, wanne and conquerid to Rome, except the capitoile of Rome. And sithen of other victorious kinges and princes, as Edmonde Irensede had many gret batailes [and] desconfited the Danes to safe Englond. And what victorious dedis William Conqueroure did gret actis in bataile uppon the Frenshe partie [many conquestys [103]]. And also his son [kyng[103]] Harry after hym defendid Normandie, bilded and fortified many a strong castelle in his londe, to defende his dukedom ayenst the Frenshe partie. And how victoriouslie his brother Roberd did armes uppon the conquest of the holy londe, that for his gret prowesse there was elect to be king of Jherusalem, and refusid it for a singuler covetice to be duke of Normandie, returned home, and never had grace of victorie after. And to bring to mynde how the n.o.ble worriour Fouke erle of Angew, father to Geffrey Plantagenet youre n.o.ble auncetour, left his erledom to his sonne, and made werre upon the Sarasynes in the holy land, and for his n.o.ble dedis was made king of Jherusalem, anno Christi M^l.cx.x.xi. As how king Richarde the first, clepid Cuer de lion, whiche in a croiserie went in to the holy londe, and Baldewyne archebisshop of Caunterburie, Hubert bisshop of Salisburie, Randolfe the erle of Chestre, Robert Clare erle of Gloucestre, and werreied uppon the hethen paynemys in the company of king Philip Dieu-donne of Fraunce, whiche king Richard conquerid and wanne by roiall power uppon the Sarrasyns in the yere of Crist M^l.c.iiij^{xx}vij^o. and toke the King of Cipres and many other gret prisonneris. Also put the londe of Surie in subjeccion, the isle of Cipres, and the gret cite of Damask wanne be a.s.saut, slow the king of Spayne clepid Ferra.n.u.s. And the said king Richard kept and defendid frome his adversarie Philip Dieu-donne king of Fraunce, be mighty werre made to hym, the d.u.c.h.ees of Normandie, Gascoigne, Gyen, the countee[gh] of Anjou and Mayne, Tourayne, {11} Pontyve, Auverne, and Champaigne, of alle whiche he was king, duke, erle, and lorde as his enheritaunce, and as his predecessours before hym did. Also in like wise king Edward first after the Conquest, being Prince, in about the yere of Crist M^l.ij^c.lxx, put hym in gret laboure and aventure amonges the Sarrasins in the countye of Aufrik, was at the conquest of the gret cite of the roiaume of Thunes. [Yn whiche c.u.n.tree that tyme and yeere seynt Lowys kyng of Fraunce dyed, and the croyserye grete revaled by hys trespa.s.seinte, had not the seyd prince Edward ys armee be redye there to performe that holy voyage to Jerusalem, as he dyd wyth many n.o.ble lordes off England.[104]] Also fulle n.o.blie ententid about the defence and saufegarde of the gret cite of Acres in the londe of Sirie, that had be lost and yolden to the Sarrazins had not [hys armee and[104]] his power bee, and by an hole yere osteyng and abiding there in tyme of gret pestilence and mortalite reigning there, and by whiche his peple were gretly wastid, where he was be treason of a untrew messaunger Sarrasin wounded hym in his chambre almost to dethe, that the souldone of Babiloyne had waged hym to doo it, becaus of sharpe and cruelle werre the seide Edwarde made uppon the Sarrasines, of gret fere and doubte he had of the said prince Edward and of his power; whiche processe ye may more groundly see in the actis of the said prince Edwarde is laboure. And his father king Harry thrid decesid while his son was in the holy londe warring uppon the Sarasines. And how worshipfullie Richard emperoure of Almaine and brother to the said king Henry did gret actis of armes in the holy londe uppon the Sarasynes and in the yere of Crist M^l.ij^c.xl. And overmore the said king Edwarde first kept under subjeccion bothe Irelond, Walis, and Scotlond, whiche were rebellis and wilde peple of condicion. And also protectid and defendid the d.u.c.h.ees of Gascoigne and Guyen, his rightefull enheritaunce.
{12}
How King Edward [the] thrid had the victorie at the bataile of Scluse, and gate Cane by a.s.saute, and havyng the victorie at the batelle of Cressye [and wanne Calix by sege.[105]]
[Sidenote: T. Regis E. iij^{cii} et ejus filiorum.]
[Sidenote: Comes de Ew captus. Comes Tankervyle captus.]
[Sidenote: Cressye.]
[Sidenote: Comes Derbye.]
And sithen, over that, how that the most n.o.ble famous knighte of renomme, king Edwarde the thrid, the whiche, with his roialle power, the yere of Christ M^l.ccc.xl. wanne [the day of seynt John baptiste[105]] the gret bataile uppon the see at Scluse ayenst Philip de Valoys callyng hym the Frenshe King and his power, and alle his gret navye of shippis destroied, to the nombre of .xxv.M^l. men and CCx.x.x^{ti}. shippis and barges. And also after that, in the yere of Crist M^l.iij^c.xlvj. the said king Philip purposid to have entred into Englond and had waged a gret noumbre of Genues shippis and other navyes. And the said king Edward thrid thought rather to werre withe hym in that countre rather: tooke his vyage to Cane withe xij^c. shippis, pa.s.sed into Normandie by the Hagge,[106] wynnyng the contrees of Constantine [from Chyrburgh[105]] tylle he came to Cane, and by grete a.s.sautes entred and gate the towne, and fought withe the capitaine and burgeises fro midday till night; where the erle of Eu, connestable of Fraunce, the erle of Tancarville, and others knightes and squiers were take prisoneris: but the castelle and donjoune held still, where the bisshop of Baieux and othre kept hem; and than the king departid thens, for he wolde not lese his peple [by segyng yt.[105]] And after that the yere of Crist M^l.iij^c.xlvj descomfit the said king Philip and wanne the feelde uppon hym at the dolorous and gret bataile of Cressy in Picardie the .xxvj. day of August the said yere, where the king of Beame was slayne the son of Henry the Emperoure, and alle the gret part of the n.o.ble bloode of Fraunce of dukes, erlis, and barons, as the erle of Alaunson king of Fraunce is brother, the duke of Lorraine, the erle of Bloys, the erle of Flaundres, the erle of Harecourt, the erle of Sancerre, the erle of Fennes, to the nombre of .l. knightis sleyne, as well as to othre gret {13} nombre of his liege peple, as in the .39. chapitre of the Actis of the said King Philip more plainly is historied. And also the full n.o.ble erle of Darby, havyng rule under the said king Edwarde in the duchie of Guyen, hostied the said tyme and yere, and put in subjeccion fro the towne of saint Johan Evangelist unto the citee of Peyters, whiche he wanne also, be the said erle of Derbye is entreprises.
How David King of Scottis was take prisoner.
[Sidenote: David Rex Scotorum captus est apud Doraham.]
And in the said king Edward tyme David king of Scottis was take prisoner, as I have undrestond, at the bataile beside Deram upon the marchis of Scotlond.