The Book Of Lost Tales: Part I

Chapter 22

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Nornor In QL this name has the form Nornoros "herald of the G.o.ds", and with the verb nornoro- "run on, run smoothly" is derived from a root NORO "run, ride, spin, etc.". GL has similar words, nor- run", roll", norn "wheel", nr "smooth, rolling free". The name corresponding to Qenya Nornor is here Drondor "messenger of the G.o.ds" (drond "race, course, track" and dr "wheel-track, rut"); Drondor was later changed to Dronrin (< p="">

Nm (On the "World-Ship" drawing.) In QL nm "West" is derived from root NUHU "bow, bend down, stoop, sink" other words are nta- "stoop, sink", nmeta-, numenda- "get low (of the Sun)", nma "in the West". Gnomish num- "sink, descend", nmin "in the West", Auranmin "sunset", numbros "incline, slope", nunthi "downward". Cf. Fala.s.s Nma, Faskala-nmen, Sirnmen.

Nri Name of Fui Nienna: "Nri who sighs", p. 66. This is given without translation in QL under root NURU, with nru- "growl (of dogs), grumble", nur "growl, complaint". In Gnomish she is Nurnil, with a.s.sociated words nur- "growl, grumble", nurn "lament", nurna- "bewail, lament".

(On the "World-Ship" drawing: "the Sea", pp. 845.) See nen.

Oarni See nen.

Olofantur See Lrien, Fanturi.

Olr Mall For Olr see Lrien. mall "street" appears in QL under root MALA "crush" (see Balrog); the Gnomish form is mal "paved way, road", and the equivalent of Olr Mall is Malmaurien (see Murmuran).

nen The root "o"o in QL has derivatives , a poetic word, "the sea", oar "child of the sea, merchild", oaris (-ts), oarwen "mermaid", and Oss the name wen (antecedent of nen in the text, pp. 61, 79) also appears, and evidently means the same as oarwen (for -wen see Urwen). The later form Uinen in the Tales is apparently Gnomish; GL Unen "Lady of the Sea". changed late to Uinen. A form Oinen also occurs (p. 211).

In the Valar name-list nen is called also Solr (see Solosimpi) and Ui Oarista. This latter appears in QL, with the definition "Queen of the Mermaids", together with Uin "the primeval whale" but how these relate to the other names is obscure.

Orc QL ork (orq-) "monster, demon". GL orc "goblin", plural orcin, orchoth (hoth "folk, people", hothri "army", hothron "captain").

Orom In QL Orom "son of Aul" is placed under a root ORO that is distinct (apparently because of the nature of the consonant) from ORO (with meaning of "steepness, rising") given under Kalorm; but these roots are said to be "much confused". This second root yields r "the dawn, Sunrise, East", ra "of the dawn, Eastern", oront, oronto "Sunrise", osto "the gates of the Sun", and Ostor "the East, the Sun when she issues from her white gates". It is noted that Orom should perhaps be placed under the other root, but there is no indication of the connections of the name. In The Hiding of Valinor (p. 214) Orom has a particular knowledge of the East of the world. His name in Gnomish is Orma; and in the Valar name-list he is also called Raustar, for which see Mess.

Oronto (On the "World-Ship" drawing, "East".) See Orom.

Orossi In the list of fays referred to under Nandini the Orossi are "fays of the mountains", and this name is thus a derivative from the root ORO seen in Kalorm.

Oss See nen. His Gnomish name is Otha or Oth.

Palisor See Palrien.

Palrien An early entry in QL gives Palurin "the wide world" under a root PALA, whose derivatives have a common general sense of "flatness", among them palis "sward, lawn", whence no doubt Palisor. In GL the corresponding name is Belaurin, B(a)laurin; but she is also called Bladorwen "the wide earth, the world and its plants and fruits, Mother Earth" (related words are blant "flat, open, expansive, candid", blath "floor", bladwen "a plain"). See Yavanna.

Poldra Not in QL, but GL gives serval corresponding forms: Polodweg="Tulcus" (polod "power, might, authority"); polodrin "mighty, also in poetic form Poldurin or Poldorin which is especially used as epithet of Tulcus; Q. Poldra.

Qalm-Tri The root is QALA "die", whence qalm "death", qalin "dead", and other words of the same meaning. Tri is from TAHA: t "high", tra "lofty", tri "queen", etc.; Gnomish d "high", dara "lofty", daroth "summit, peak". Cf. Taniquetil.

Qalvanda "The Road of Death" (p. 213). See Qalm-Tri. The second element is from root VAHA: whence v past tense "went", vand- "way, path", vandl "staff", vanwa "gone on the road, past, over, lost" (as in Mar Vanwa Tyalieva). Cf. Vansamrin.

Qerkaringa The first element is obscure; for -ringa see Ringil.

Qorinmi See p. 227. The root is QORO/QOSO, whence qoro- "choke, suffocate", qorin "drowned, choked", etc.

Rna Not in QL, but GL has Rn "the Moon (Q. Rna)" and ranoth "month" (Ranoth was a rejected name preceding Ranuin, p. 222). In the text (p. 192) it is said that the G.o.ds named the Moon Rna.

Ranuin See Rna Ringil QL gives ringa "damp, cold, chilly", ringw "rime, frost", rin "dew"; GL r "coolness", ring "cool, cold, a sudden breeze or cold breath", and (a later addition) Ringli "the arctic colds, the North Pole (see the tale of the Coming of the Ainur)". Cf. Qerkaringa.

Rmil This name is not found in either dictionary, but seems likely to be connected with words given in GL: r and ru "secret, mystery ruim "secret, mysterious", rui "whisper", rm "secret, mystery ruim "secret, mysterious", rui "whisper", ruitha "to whisper".

Salmar This name must belong with derivatives of the root SALA salma "lyre", salm "harp-playing", etc.

Samrien ("The Feast of Double Mirth", p. 143.) Presumably derive from the root MIRI "smile" sa- is referred to in QL as an "intensive prefix". Cf. Vansamrin.

Sri Not in either dictionary, but in QL the root SAHA/SAHYA yields s "fire", saiwa "hot", Sahra "the South" GL has s "fire" (poetic form sai), sairin "fiery", saiwen "summer", and other words.

Sil Under the root SILI QL gives a long list of words beginning with Sil "Moon" and all with meanings of whiteness or white light, but neither Silpion nor Silmaril occurs in it. In GL Sil "properly="Rose" of Silpion", see Tale of the Making of the Sun and Moon, but often used poetically = Whole Moon or Rn". In this tale (p. 215) it is said that the fairies named the Moon "Sil, the Rose" (earlier reading "the silver rose").

Silindrin The "Moon-cauldron" does not appear in either dictionary; the nearest form is Silindo in QL, which is a name of Jupiter. See Sil.

Silmarilli See Sil. In GL the equivalent of "Q. Silmaril" is silubrill- (silum(b)aril-), plural silubrilthin (which occurs in the text, p. 138); a later addition compares brithla "pearl", Qenya marilla (not in QL). The Tower of Pearl was named in Gnomish Tirimbrithla.

Silmo See Sil. In QL Silmo is translated "the Moon", and in GL Silmo is given as the Gnomish equivalent of Qenya Silmo.

Silpion See Sil. The Gnomish names are Silpios or Piosil, but no meaning is given.

Silubrilthin See Silmarilli.

Sirion QL root SIRI "flow", with derivatives sindi "river" (cf. Kelusindi) sir "stream", srima "liquid, flowing". In GL are given sr "river siriol "flowing", and Sirion (poetic word) "river, properly name of the famous magic river that flowed through Garlisgion and Nantathrir" (Garlisgion "the Place of Reeds" survived in Lisgardh "the land of reeds at the Months of Sirion", Unfinished Tales p. 34. Cf. Sirnmen, and the name it replaced, Numessir.

Sirnmen See Sirion, Nm.

Solosimpi QL gives Solosimp "the Sh.o.r.eland Pipers", of which the first element is from root SOLO: solm "wave", solor, soloss "surf, surge" (cf. Solr name of nen), and the second from SIPI "whistle, pipe": simpa, simpina "pipe, flute", simpis "piping", simpetar "piper". In GL the Gnomish name of the Solosimpi is Thlossibin or Thlossibrim, from thloss "breaker", with a variant Flossibrim. The word floss is said to have been formed from thloss by influence of fla.s.s "seamarge, surf; margin, fringe".

Sorontur Derived from a root SORO "eagle": sor, sorn "eagle", sornion "eyrie", Sorontur "King of Eagles". For -tur see Meril-i-Turinqi. The Gnomish forms are thorn "eagle", thrond "(eyrie), pinnacle", Thorndor and Throndor "King of Eagles".

Slimo In QL under the three root-forms SUHYU, SUHU, SUFU "air, breathe, exhale, puff" are given s "noise of wind", slim "wind", and Slimi, -o "Vali of Wind="Manw" and Varda". This probably means that Manw was Slimo and Varda Slimi, since Varda is called Sltha "blow (of wind)", but Manw"s wind-name is Saulmoth (saul "a great wind"), which is said to be an older form of later Solmoth; and this"="Q." Slimi. GL has s "noise of wind", sltha "blow (of wind", but Manw"s wind-name is Saulmoth (saul "a great wind"), which is said to be an older form of later Solmoth; and this "="Q." Slimo".

In Gnomish he is also called Gwanweg (gw "wind", gwam "gust of wind"), often combined with Man (See Manw) as Man "Wanweg="Q." Manw Slimo. The root GW appears in QL: w "wind", wanwa "great gale", wanwavoit "windy" and in the Valar name-list Manw and Varda are together called Wanwavoisi.

Sruli See Slimo. Sruli is not in QL, but GL has Sulus (plurals Sulussin and Suluthrim) "one of Manw"s two clans of air-spirits, Q. Sru plural Sruli".

Talka Marda This t.i.tle of Aul, translated in the text (p. 180) as "Smith of the World", is not found in QL, but GL gives "Martaglos, correctly Maltagros, t.i.tle of la, Smith of the World" as the equivalent of Qenya Talka Marwa; also tagros, taglos "smith". He is also called la Mar; and in the Valar name-list Aul Mar. (Long afterwards this t.i.tle of Aul reappeared. In a very late note he is given the name mbartan "world-artificer" > Quenya Martamo, Sindarin Barthan.) Taniquetil Under the root TAHA (see Qalm-Tri) Taniqetil is given in QL with the meaning "lofty snowcap". The second element is from root NIQI (ninq "white", niqis "snow", niqetil "snowcap" cf. nieninq "white tear" (snowdrop) in entry Neliqui).

The Gnomish form is Danigwethil (d "high"), but the second element seems to be different, since GL gives a word nigweth "storm (properly of snow, but that sense has evaporated)".

Tanyasalp Translated in the text "the bowl of fire" (p. 187). salpa "bowl" is given in QL under a root SLPL, with sulp- "lick", salpa "take a sup of", sulpa "soup". Tanya is not in QL; GL has tan "firewood", tantha- "kindle", tang "flame, flash", and Tanfa "the lowest of all airs, the hot air of the deep places".

Tri-Laisi For Tri see Qalm-T. In QL the root LAYA "be alive, flourish" has derivatives lair "meadow", laiqa "green", laito and laisi both meaning "youth, vigour, new life". The Gnomish words are laib (also glaib) "green", laigos "greenness, ="Q." laiqa.s.s", lair (also glair) "meadow". The following note is of great interest: "Note Laigolas="green-leaf" [see Gar Lossion], becoming archaic because of final form becoming laib, gave Legolast i.e. keen-sight [last "look, glance", leg, lg "keep, piercing"]. But perhaps both were his names, as the Gnomes delighted to give two similar-sounding names of dissimilar meaning, as Laigolas Legolast, Trin Turambar, etc. Legolas the ordinary form is a confusion of the two." (Legolas Greenleaf appears in the tale of The Fall of Gondolin; he was an Elf of Gondolin, and being night, sighted he led the fugitives from the city over the plain in the dark. A note a.s.sociated with the tale says that "he liveth still in Tol Eressa named by the Eldar there Laiqala.s.s".) Tarn Fui See Moritarnon, Fui.

Tavari In the list of fays referred to under Nandini the Tavari are "fays of the woods". In QL tavar (tavarni) "dale-sprites" is derived from a root TAVA, whence also tauno "forest", taul "great tree.", tavas "woodland". GL has tavor "a wood-fay", taur, tavros "forest" (Tavros also a proper name, "chief wood-fay, the Blue Spirit of the Woods". Later, Tavros became a name of Orom, leading through Tauros to the form Tauron in The Silmarillion).

Tavrobel This is given in GL with the translation "wood-home" (see Tavari). The element pel is said to be "usual only in such place-names as Tavrobel, and means "village, hamlet, -ham". In a separate note elsewhere an additional Gnomish name Tavrost is given, and Qenya names Tavaros(s), Tauross. Tavrost evidently contains rost "slope, hillside, ascent", with a.s.sociated words rosta "ascent" (Rost" aura "Sunrise"), ront "high, steep", ascribed to a stem r, oro-. These are etymological variants of words given under Kalorm.

Telelli This term, which occurs once only in the Tales (p. 19), is obscure. In QL, in early entries, a complex of words is given all of which mean "little elf": these include Teler and Telell, and the adjectives telera and telella. There is no suggestion of any distinction between them. An isolated note states that young Elves of all clans who dwelt in Kr to perfect their arts of singing and poetry were called Telelli; but in another place Telellin, a dialect, appears to be used instead of Telerin. See Teleri.

Teleri See Telelli. In GL appears Tilith "an elf, a member of the first of the three tribes of the fairies or Eldar; plural Tilthin". The later meaning of Teleri, when it became the name of the Third Tribe, was already potentially present: QL gives a root TEL + U with derivatives telu- "to finish, end", telu (noun), telwa "last, late", with the suggestion that this was perhaps an extension of root TELE "cover in" (see Telimektar). In GL these meanings "cover-in-close-finish" are expressly a.s.signed to the root TEL-: telm "roof, sky", teloth "roofing, canopy, shelter", telu- "to close, end, finish", telu "end".

Telimektar In QL Telimektar, Telimbektar is glossed "Orion, literally Swordsman of Heaven", and is given under the root TELE "cover in", together with tel "roof", telda "having a roof", telimbo "canopy; sky", etc. -mektar probably derives from the root MAKA, see Makar. The Gnomish form is Telumaithar.

In the Valar name-list he is called also Taimondo. There are substantial notes on this name in both dictionaries, which appear to have been entered at the same time. In QL Taimondo and Taimordo, names of Telimektar, together with Taim, Taimi "the sky", were entered under the root TAHA (see Qalm-Tri). The Gnomish equivalent is Daimord (dai, daimoth "sky, heaven"), who appears also in the GL entry concerning Inw"s son Ingil (Gil, Sirius): he rose into the heavens in the likeness of a great bee and "followed Daimord" (see Ingil). But the word mordo "warrior, hero" in Qenya was actually a borrowing from Gnomish mord, and the true Quenya equivalent of mord was mavar "shepherd"-this being the original meaning of the Gnomish word also, which developed that of "man, warrior" through its use in poetry after it had become obsolete in prose and speech. Thus Daimord originally meant "Shepherd of the Sky", as did the original Qenya name Taimavar, altered under the influence of the Gnomish name to Taimondo, Taimordo.

Telimp Not in QL Under root TELPE, which has however telemp=telp "silver". Gnomish words are celeb "silver", celebrin "of silver", Celebron, Celioth names of the Moon. See Ilaslunt.

Tevildo Given in QL under root TEFE (with derivatives teve- "to hate", tevin, tevi "hatred") and explained as "the Lord of Cats" (see p. 47). The Gnomish form is Tifil, "Prince of Cats".

Tilkal A name made up of the initial sounds of six names of metals (see p. 100 and footnote). For tamb "copper" see Aul, and for ilsa "silver" see Ilaslunt. Latken "tin" is given as a separate entry in QL, with latukenda "of tin" the Gnomish form is ladog. Kanu "lead", kanuva "leaden" are placed under a root KANA in QL. For anga "iron" see Angamandi, and for laur "gold" see Laurelin.

Timpinen The name stands in QL as the only derivative of a root TIFI, but under root TIPI are given timp "fine rain", timpin "spray", etc. See Tinfang.

Tinfang The entry in GL is: "Tinfing or Tinfang the fluter (surnamed Gwarbilin or Birdward), a fay; cf. Q. timpinen a fluter (Timpando, Varavilindo)". Other Gnomish words are tif- "whistle", timpa- "ring, jingle", timpi "little bell", timp "hoot, note of a flute", tifin "small flute". The first element in Gwarbilin is seen also in Amon Gwareth "Hill of Watch", which occurs in the tale of The Fall of Gondolin; the second is bilin(c) "sparrow, small bird".

Tinw Linto, Tinwelint GL has: "Tinweg (also Lintinweg) and more usually Tinwelint, ="Q." Tinw Linto; originally leader of the Solosimpi (after led by Ellu), but became King of the Lost Elves of Artanor". The first element of the name is derived from TIN-, with such derivatives as tim "spark, gleam, (star)", tintiltha- "twinkle", tinwithli "star-cl.u.s.ter, constellation". The second element is possibly Gnomish lint "quick, nimble, light"-which my father referred to in his essay "A Secret Vice" (The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays, 1983, p. 205) as a word he remembered from a very early stage of his linguistic constructions. The name is not in QL either in the earlier form (Linw Tinto, p. 130) or the later, but under root TINI are tinw "star", tint "(silver) spark", etc., and also lint.i.tinw "having many stars", the first element of this being a multiplicative prefix li-, lin-. Cf. Tinwetri.

Tinwetri "Queen of Stars". For the elements of this name see Tinw Linto, Qalm-Tri. The corresponding Gnomish name is Tinturwin with a different second element (see Meril-i-Turinqi). Varda is also called Timbridhil, Timfiril, with the same first element (Bridhil being the Gnomish name of Varda), and Gailbridh(n)ir, which contains gail "star" (corresponding to Qenya l in livarda, not found in QL.

Tol Eressa Under root TOLO OL has derivatives tol "island; any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.", tolmen "boss (of shield), isolated round hill, etc.", tolos "k.n.o.b, lump", tl "centre", and other words. GL gives tol "an isle with high steep coasts".

Eressa a given in QL under root ERE (distinct from that seen in Eruman) "remain alone": er "only, but, still", eress "singly, only, alone", eressa "lonely", erda "solitary, deserted", erin "remains" In Gnomish the Lonely Isle is Tol Erethrin (er "one", ereth "solitude", erethrin "solitary, lonely" etc.)

Tolli Kuruvar (On the "World-Ship" drawing, "the Magic Isles", pp. 845. For Tolli see Tol Eressa. QL has a group kuru "magic, wizardry", kuruvar "wizard", kuruni "witch", with a note: "of the good magic". GL has curu "magic", curug "wizard", curus "witch".

Tombo Tombo "gong" is derived in QL from a root TUMU "swell (with idea of hollowness)", together with tumb "trumpet", tumbo "dark vale", tumna "deep, profound, dark or hidden" (see Utumna). Words in Gnomish are tm "valley", tum "hollow", tumli "dale", tumbol "valley-like, hollow", tumla- "hollow out".

Tuiler QL, root TUYU: tuil "Spring, literally a budding-also collectively: buds, new shoots, fresh green", Tuiler "Spring", and several other words, as tuilindo "(spring-singer), swallow". Gnomish forms are tuil, tuilir "Spring" (with the note that Tuilir = Vna); but Vna is also called Hairen "Spring", presumably connected with hair "punctual, timely", hai "punctually", haidri "forenoon".

Tuivna See Tuiler, Vna.

tulielto, &c. Tulielto is translated "they have come" (p. 114), and I. Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come" (ibid.); Ikal" antlien is translated "Light hath returned" (p. 184). QL under root TULU "fetch, bring, bear; move, come" has the verb tulu- of the same meaning, also tulw pillar, standard, pole", tulma "bier". GL has tul- "bring; come", tultha- "lift, carry".

Tulkas QL gives the name under root TULUK, with tulunka "steady, firm", tulka- "fix, set up, establish". The Gnomish form is Tulcus (-os), with related words tulug "steady, firm", tulga- "make firm, settle, steady, comfort".

Tulkastor The name does not appear in the dictionaries (nor the precedent forms, Tulka.s.s, Turenbor, p. 22); see Tulkas, Meril-i-Turinqi.

Tuor Tuor is not given in the dictionaries, but it is probably derived (since the name is also written Tr) from the root TURU "be strong" see Meril-i-Turinqi.

Turgon Neither Turondo nor Gnomish Turgon are given in the dictionaries, and beyond the likelihood that the first element is from the root TURU (see Meril-i-Turinqi) these names cannot be explained.

Turuhalm "The Logdrawing" (p. 229). A second root TURU (TUSO) "kindle" in QL (differing in the medial consonant from TURU "be strong") has many derivatives: turu-, tunda- "kindle", turu "properly="firewood," but used of wood in general", turva "wooden", tustur "tinder", etc. In GL are duru "wood: pole, beam, or log", durog "wooden".

The second element is in Gnomish halm "drawing, draught (of fishes etc.)". The name of the festival is Duruchalmo(s)="Halm" nadhuruthon (Duruchalm was written in the text and struck out, p. 244), translated "Yule" this was changed later to Durufui "Yule (night), i.e. Log-night" (see Fui).

Uin See nen. In GL uin is a common noun, "whale", named after Uin "Gulma"s great whale" (Gulma=Ulmo); but apparently (though this entry is rather obscure) the original meaning of uin, preserved in poetry, was "wave". Another Gnomish word for "whale" is uimoth "sheep of the waves" (moth "sheep, also "1000", probably originally "flock" mothweg "shepherd").

Uinen See nen.

Ulmo Ulmo is given in QL under the root ULU "pour, flow fast", together with ulu- and ulto- "pour", in transitive and intransitive senses. His name in Gnomish is Gulma, with corresponding verbs gul- and gulta-. In the draft text of The Music of the Ainur he is also called Linqil: see Nielqui. For other names see Vailimo.

Ulmonan See Ulmo; the second element of this name is not explained.

Ungoliont See Ungw Lianti.

Ungw Lianti, Ungweliant() Under a queried root GUNGU QL gives ungw "spider, especially Ungw the Gloomweaver, usually Ungwelianti". The second element is from root LI + ya "entwine", with derivatives lia "twine", liant "tendril", lianta.s.s "vine". In GL the name as originally entered was Gungliont, as also first written in the text (p. 156); later this was changed to "Ungweliont or Ungoliont". The second element is a.s.signed to root l- (lind "twine").

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