Our own expression is that all things are acting to advance to the h.o.m.ogeneous, or are trying to localize h.o.m.ogeneousness. h.o.m.ogeneousness is an aspect of the Universal, wherein it is a state that does not merge away into something else. We regard h.o.m.ogeneousness as an aspect of positiveness, but it is our acceptance that infinite frustrations of attempts to positivize manifest themselves in infinite heterogeneity: so that though things try to localize h.o.m.ogeneousness they end up in heterogeneity so great that it amounts to infinite dispersion or indistinguishability.
So all concepts are little attempted positivenesses, but soon have to give in to compromise, modification, nullification, merging away into indistinguishability--unless, here and there, in the world"s history, there may have been a super-dogmatist, who, for only an infinitesimal of time, has been able to hold out against heterogeneity or modification or doubt or "listening to reason," or loss of ident.i.ty--in which case--instant translation to heaven or the Positive Absolute.
Odd thing about Spencer is that he never recognized that "h.o.m.ogeneity,"
"integration," and "definiteness" are all words for the same state, or the state that we call "positiveness." What we call his mistake is in that he regarded "h.o.m.ogeneousness" as negative.
I began with a notion of some one other world, from which objects and substances have fallen to this earth; which had, or which, to less degree, has a tutelary interest in this earth; which is now attempting to communicate with this earth--modifying, because of data which will pile up later, into acceptance that some other world is not attempting but has been, for centuries, in communication with a sect, perhaps, or a secret society, or certain esoteric ones of this earth"s inhabitants.
I lose a great deal of hypnotic power in not being able to concentrate attention upon some one other world.
As I have admitted before I"m intelligent, as contrasted with the orthodox. I haven"t the aristocratic disregard of a New York curator or an Eskimo medicine-man.
I have to dissipate myself in acceptance of a host of other worlds: size of the moon, some of them: one of them, at least--tremendous thing: we"ll take that up later. Vast, amorphous aerial regions, to which such definite words as "worlds" and "planets" seem inapplicable. And artificial constructions that I have called "super-constructions": one of them about the size of Brooklyn, I should say, offhand. And one or more of them wheel-shaped things a goodly number of square miles in area.
I think that earlier in this book, before we liberalized into embracing everything that comes along, your indignation, or indigestion would have expressed in the notion that, if this were so, astronomers would have seen these other worlds and regions and vast geometric constructions.
You"d have had that notion: you"d have stopped there.
But the attempt to stop is saying "enough" to the insatiable. In cosmic punctuation there are no periods: illusion of periods is incomplete view of colons and semi-colons.
We can"t stop with the notion that if there were such phenomena, astronomers would have seen them. Because of our experience with suppression and disregard, we suspect, before we go into the subject at all, that astronomers have seen them; that navigators and meteorologists have seen them; that individual scientists and other trained observers have seen them many times--
That it is the System that has excluded data of them.
As to the Law of Gravitation, and astronomers" formulas, remember that these formulas worked out in the time of Laplace as well as they do now.
But there are hundreds of planetary bodies now known that were then not known. So a few hundred worlds more of ours won"t make any difference.
Laplace knew of about only thirty bodies in this solar system: about six hundred are recognized now--
What are the discoveries of geology and biology to a theologian?
His formulas still work out as well as they ever did.
If the Law of Gravitation could be stated as a real utterance, it might be a real resistance to us. But we are told only that gravitation is gravitation. Of course to an intermediatist, nothing can be defined except in terms of itself--but even the orthodox, in what seems to me to be the innate premonitions of realness, not founded upon experience, agree that to define a thing in terms of itself is not real definition.
It is said that by gravitation is meant the attraction of all things proportionately to ma.s.s and inversely as the square of the distance.
Ma.s.s would mean inter-attraction holding together final particles, if there were final particles. Then, until final particles be discovered, only one term of this expression survives, or ma.s.s is attraction. But distance is only extent of ma.s.s, unless one holds out for absolute vacuum among planets, a position against which we could bring a host of data. But there is no possible means of expressing that gravitation is anything other than attraction. So there is nothing to resist us but such a phantom as--that gravitation is the gravitation of all gravitations proportionately to gravitation and inversely as the square of gravitation. In a quasi-existence, nothing more sensible than this can be said upon any so-called subject--perhaps there are higher approximations to ultimate sensibleness.
Nevertheless we seem to have a feeling that with the System against us we have a kind of resistance here. We"d have felt so formerly, at any rate: I think the Dr. Grays and Prof. Hitchc.o.c.ks have modified our trustfulness toward indistinguishability. As to the perfection of this System that quasi-opposes us and the infallibility of its mathematics--as if there could be real mathematics in a mode of seeming where twice two are not four--we"ve been told over and over of their vindication in the discovery of Neptune.
I"m afraid that the course we"re taking will turn out like every other development. We began humbly, admitting that we"re of the d.a.m.ned--
But our eyebrows--
Just a faint flicker in them, or in one of them, every time we hear of the "triumphal discovery of Neptune"--this "monumental achievement of theoretical astronomy," as the text-books call it.
The whole trouble is that we"ve looked it up.
The text-books omit this:
That, instead of the orbit of Neptune agreeing with the calculations of Adams and Leverrier, it was so different--that Leverrier said that it was not the planet of his calculations.
Later it was thought best to say no more upon that subject.
The text-books omit this:
That, in 1846, everyone who knew a sine from a cosine was out sining and cosining for a planet beyond Ura.n.u.s.
Two of them guessed right.
To some minds, even after Leverrier"s own rejection of Neptune, the word "guessed" may be objectionable--but, according to Prof. Peirce, of Harvard, the calculations of Adams and Leverrier would have applied quite as well to positions many degrees from the position of Neptune.
Or for Prof. Peirce"s demonstration that the discovery of Neptune was only a "happy accident," see _Proc. Amer. Acad. Sciences_, 1-65.
For references, see Lowell"s _Evolution of Worlds_.
Or comets: another nebulous resistance to our own notions. As to eclipses, I have notes upon several of them that did not occur upon scheduled time, though with differences only of seconds--and one delightful lost soul, deep-buried, but buried in the ultra-respectable records of the Royal Astronomical Society, upon an eclipse that did not occur at all. That delightful, ultra-sponsored thing of perdition is too good and malicious to be dismissed with pa.s.sing notice: we"ll have him later.
Throughout the history of astronomy, every comet that has come back upon predicted time--not that, essentially, there was anything more abstruse about it than is a prediction that you can make of a postman"s periodicities tomorrow--was advertised for all it was worth. It"s the way reputations are worked up for fortune-tellers by the faithful. The comets that didn"t come back--omitted or explained. Or Encke"s comet. It came back slower and slower. But the astronomers explained. Be almost absolutely sure of that: they explained. They had it all worked out and formulated and "proved" why that comet was coming back slower and slower--and there the d.a.m.n thing began coming faster and faster.
Halley"s comet.
Astronomy--"the perfect science, as we astronomers like to call it."
(Jacoby.)
It"s my own notion that if, in a real existence, an astronomer could not tell one longitude from another, he"d be sent back to this purgatory of ours until he could meet that simple requirement.
Halley was sent to the Cape of Good Hope to determine its longitude. He got it degrees wrong. He gave to Africa"s n.o.ble Roman promontory a retrousse twist that would take the pride out of any Kaffir.
We hear everlastingly of Halley"s comet. It came back--maybe. But, unless we look the matter up in contemporaneous records, we hear nothing of--the Leonids, for instance. By the same methods as those by which Halley"s comet was predicted, the Leonids were predicted. November, 1898--no Leonids. It was explained. They had been perturbed. They would appear in November, 1899. November, 1899--November, 1900--no Leonids.
My notion of astronomic accuracy:
Who could not be a prize marksman, if only his. .h.i.ts be recorded?
As to Halley"s comet, of 1910--everybody now swears he saw it. He has to perjure himself: otherwise he"d be accused of having no interest in great, inspiring things that he"s never given any attention to.
Regard this:
That there never is a moment when there is not some comet in the sky.
Virtually there is no year in which several new comets are not discovered, so plentiful are they. Luminous fleas on a vast black dog--in popular impressions, there is no realization of the extent to which this solar system is flea-bitten.
If a comet have not the orbit that astronomers have predicted--perturbed. If--like Halley"s comet--it be late--even a year late--perturbed. When a train is an hour late, we have small opinion of the predictions of timetables. When a comet"s a year late, all we ask is--that it be explained. We hear of the inflation and arrogance of astronomers. My own acceptance is not that they are imposing upon us: that they are requiting us. For many of us priests no longer function to give us seeming rapport with Perfection, Infallibility--the Positive Absolute. Astronomers have stepped forward to fill a vacancy--with quasi-phantomosity--but, in our acceptance, with a higher approximation to substantiality than had the attenuations that preceded them. I should say, myself, that all that we call progress is not so much response to "urge" as it is response to a hiatus--or if you want something to grow somewhere, dig out everything else in its area. So I have to accept that the positive a.s.surances of astronomers are necessary to us, or the blunderings, evasions and disguises of astronomers would never be tolerated: that, given such lat.i.tude as they are permitted to take, they could not be very disastrously mistaken. Suppose the comet called Halley"s had not appeared--
Early in 1910, a far more important comet than the anaemic luminosity said to be Halley"s, appeared. It was so brilliant that it was visible in daylight. The astronomers would have been saved anyway. If this other comet did not have the predicted orbit--perturbation. If you"re going to Coney Island, and predict there"ll be a special kind of a pebble on the beach, I don"t see how you can disgrace yourself, if some other pebble will do just as well--because the feeble thing said to have been seen in 1910 was no more in accord with the sensational descriptions given out by astronomers in advance than is a pale pebble with a brick-red boulder.
I predict that next Wednesday, a large Chinaman, in evening clothes, will cross Broadway, at 42nd Street, at 9 P.M. He doesn"t, but a tubercular j.a.p in a sailor"s uniform does cross Broadway, at 35th Street, Friday, at noon. Well, a j.a.p is a perturbed Chinaman, and clothes are clothes.
I remember the terrifying predictions made by the honest and credulous astronomers, who must have been themselves hypnotized, or they could not have hypnotized the rest of us, in 1909. Wills were made. Human life might be swept from this planet. In quasi-existence, which is essentially Hibernian, that would be no reason why wills should not be made. The less excitable of us did expect at least some pretty good fireworks.
I have to admit that it is said that, in New York, a light was seen in the sky.