Senator BRANDEGEE. Do you know what his objection was to the legislative bodies of the contracting parties having representation on the a.s.sembly?
Mr. BULLITT. The President believed, I think--in fact, it was so stated to me by Col. House, who discussed the matter with me--that it would make too unwieldy a central organ for the league.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Do you understand why it would be any more unwieldy if Congress should appoint the delegates than if the President should?
Mr. BULLITT. It would necessitate a larger central body if representation was to be given to the important political parties of the various countries. It would have necessitated a body of, say, 10 representatives from the United States--5 from the Republican party and 5 from the; Democratic Party, in the a.s.sembly of the league, which would become a large body.
Senator BRANDEGEE. The idea was that the political parties of the country should be represented?
Mr. BULLITT. Yes, the political viewpoints should be represented so that you would get some connection between the central a.s.sembly of the league and the true opinion of the countries.
Senator BRANDEGEE. When you went across to Paris on the _George Washington_ with the President do you know whether he had with him at that time any draft for a league of nations or any memorandum that he showed to you of discussed with you?
Mr. BULLITT. The President outlined to several of us one evening, or rather one afternoon, the conception he had at the time of the league of nations. I did not see any formal draft that he had, but the President made a statement before the council of 10, in one of these minutes from which I have been reading, stating that he had first--and in fact I think I know it from other sources--that he had first received the Phillimore report, that then it had been rewritten by Col. House and that he had rewritten Col. House"s report, and after he had discussed his rewriting with Robert Cecil and Gen. s.m.u.ts, he had rewritten it again.
Senator BRANDEGEE. You stated substantially that the only part of the league draft which was laid before the Peace Conference which the President had his way about, was Article 10. Did you make some such statement as that?
Mr. BULLITT. Yes, sir.
Senator BRANDEGEE. The President stated to us that that was practically what he had submitted to the Niagara conference here when the ABC powers from South America were discussing the Mexican question. He had then considered it as an article for American use on this continent.
Do you know what the att.i.tude of Gen s.m.u.ts was as to article 10 as proposed by the President?
Mr. BULLITT. I do not, sir. Again, full minutes of the discussions and conclusions reached of all these meetings of the committee on the league of nations were kept.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Did you read the various other plans that were proposed or suggested over there for a league of nations?
Mr. BULLITT. I have read some of them, sir.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Did the others have anything similar to what is now article 10 in the treaty pending in the Senate?
Mr. BULLITT. I really can not say. I am sorry, but I have forgotten. I should not care to testify on that.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Do you know from what you heard while you were there in your official capacity whether the other nations were anxious to have article 10 in the covenant for the league?
Mr. BULLITT. The French were not only anxious for it, but I believe were anxious greatly to strengthen it. They desired immediately a league army to be established, and I believe also to be stationed in Alsace-Lorraine and along the Rhine, in addition to article 10. I can not say for certain about the others.
The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Bullitt, we had before us at one of our hearings a representative of the Egyptian people. Do you know anything about that, when it was done, or any discussions about it? I mean the clauses that appear in regard to the British protectorate.
Mr. BULLITT. You mean our agreement to recognize the British protectorate in Egypt?
The CHAIRMAN. It was recognized by this treaty in those clauses.
Mr. BULLITT. Yes; but we gave a sort of a.s.sent before the treaty formally came out, did we not? I recall the morning it was done. It was handled by Sir William Wiseman, who was the confidential representative that Lloyd George and Balfour had constantly with Col.
House and the President. He was a sort of extra confidential foreign office. It was all done, if I recall his statement correctly, in the course of one morning. The President was informed that the Egyptian nationalists were using his 14 points as meaning that the President thought that Egypt should have the right to control her own destinies, and therefore have independence, and that they were using this to foment revolution; that since the President had provoked this trouble by the 14 points, they thought that he should allay it by the statement that we would recognize the British protectorate, and as I remember Sir William Wiseman"s statement to me that morning, he said that he had only brought up the matter that morning and that he had got our recognition of the British protectorate before luncheon.
The CHAIRMAN. The President made some public statement?
Mr. BULLITT. I am not certain in regard to the further developments of it. I recall that incident, that it was arranged through Sir William Wiseman, and that it took only a few minutes.
Senator KNOX. That was a good deal of time to devote to a little country like Egypt.
Mr. BULLITT. I do not know. You should know, sir, you have been Secretary of State.
Senator KNOX. We never chewed them up that fast.
Senator NEW. Mr. Bullitt, what, if anything, was said with reference to the Irish question, with which you are familiar?
Mr. BULLITT. At the conference? I do not believe the Irish question was ever brought up before the conference or discussed. There was considerable said on the side, attempts to let down the Walsh mission easily without antagonizing the Irish vote in this country.
[Laughter.] I think that is the only consideration that Ireland received.
Senator NEW. There was a cheerful willingness to do that, was there not?
Mr. BULLITT. I think so.
The CHAIRMAN. Is there anything further that anybody desires to ask Mr. Bullitt? We are very much obliged to you indeed, Mr. Bullitt.
Mr. BULLITT. Mr. Chairman, if I may just say--I do not know whether it is a matter of first interest to the Senators or not--but on this trip with me to Russia there was Capt. Pett.i.t, and at the same time the journalist, Lincoln Steffens, and I have doc.u.ments which they prepared and which might be of interest to the committee.
The CHAIRMAN. If you will hand those to the stenographer, we will print them with your testimony.
Senator KNOX. What are your plans, Mr. Bullitt? What are you going to do in this country now?
Mr. BULLITT. I expect to return to Maine and fish for trout, where I was when I was summoned by the committee.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Did Mr. Steffens go to Russia with you?
Mr. BULLITT. He did.
The CHAIRMAN. He held no official position?
Mr. BULLITT. No.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Who advised him to go?
Mr. BULLITT. I did.
Senator BRANDEGEE. Is he in the country now?
Mr. BULLITT. I do not believe so. I believe he is still in Europe.
REPORT OF LINCOLN STEFFENS
(By order of the committee the report of Lincoln Steffens referred to is here printed in full in the record, as follows:)