56.--_The Eleven Pennies._
It is rather evident that the trick in this puzzle was as follows:--From the eleven coins take five; then add four (to those already taken away) and you leave nine--in the second heap of those removed!
57.--_The Christmas Geese._
Farmer Rouse sent exactly 101 geese to market. Jabez first sold Mr.
Jasper Tyler half of the flock and half a goose over (that is, 50-1/2 + 1/2, or 51 geese, leaving 50); he then sold Farmer Avent a third of what remained and a third of a goose over (that is, 16-2/3 + 1/3, or 17 geese, leaving 33); he then sold Widow Foster a quarter of what remained and three-quarters of a goose over (that is, 8-1/4 + 3/4 or 9 geese, leaving 24); he next sold Ned Collier a fifth of what he had left and gave him a fifth of a goose "for the missus" (that is, 4-4/5 + 1/5 or 5 geese, leaving 19). He then took these 19 back to his master.
58.--_The Chalked Numbers._
This little jest on the part of Major Trenchard is another trick puzzle, and the face of the roguish boy on the extreme right, with the figure 9 on his back, showed clearly that he was in the secret, whatever that secret might be. I have no doubt (bearing in mind the Major"s hint as to the numbers being "properly regarded") that his answer was that depicted in the ill.u.s.tration, where boy No. 9 stands on his head and so converts his number into 6. This makes the total 36--an even number--and by making boys 3 and 4 change places with 7 and 8, we get 1278 and 5346, the figures of which, in each case, add up to 18. There are just three other ways in which the boys may be grouped: 1368--2457, 1467--2358, and 2367--1458.
59.--_Tasting the Plum Puddings._
The diagram will show how this puzzle is to be solved. It is the only way within the conditions laid down. Starting at the pudding with holly at the top left-hand corner, we strike out all the puddings in twenty-one straight strokes, taste the steaming hot pudding at the end of the tenth stroke, and end at the second sprig of holly.
Here we have an example of a chess rook"s path that is not re-entrant, but between two squares that are at the greatest possible distance from one another. For if it were desired to move, under the condition of visiting every square once and once only, from one corner square to the other corner square on the same diagonal, the feat is impossible.
There are a good many different routes for pa.s.sing from one sprig of holly to the other in the smallest possible number of moves--twenty-one--but I have not counted them. I have recorded fourteen of these, and possibly there are more. Any one of these would serve our purpose, except for the condition that the tenth stroke shall end at the steaming hot pudding.
This was introduced to stop a plurality of solutions--called by the maker of chess problems "cooks." I am not aware of more than one solution to this puzzle; but as I may not have recorded all the tours, I cannot make a positive statement on the point at the time of writing.
[Ill.u.s.tration]
60.--_Under the Mistletoe Bough._
Everybody was found to have kissed everybody else once under the mistletoe, with the following additions and exceptions: No male kissed a male; no man kissed a married woman except his own wife; all the bachelors and boys kissed all the maidens and girls twice; the widower did not kiss anybody, and the widows did not kiss each other. Every kiss was returned, and the double performance was to count as one kiss. In making a list of the company, we can leave out the widower altogether, because he took no part in the osculatory exercise.
7 Married couples 14 3 Widows 3 12 Bachelors and Boys 12 10 Maidens and Girls 10 Total 39 Persons
Now, if every one of these 39 persons kissed everybody else once, the number of kisses would be 741; and if the 12 bachelors and boys each kissed the 10 maidens and girls once again, we must add 120, making a total of 861 kisses. But as no married man kissed a married woman other than his own wife, we must deduct 42 kisses; as no male kissed another male, we must deduct 171 kisses; and as no widow kissed another widow, we must deduct 3 kisses. We have, therefore, to deduct 42+171+3=216 kisses from the above total of 861, and the result, 645, represents exactly the number of kisses that were actually given under the mistletoe bough.
61.--_The Silver Cubes._
There is no limit to the number of different dimensions that will give two cubes whose sum shall be exactly seventeen cubic inches. Here is the answer in the smallest possible numbers. One of the silver cubes must measure 2-23278/40831 inches along each edge, and the other must measure 11663/40831 inch. If the reader likes to undertake the task of cubing each number (that is, multiply each number twice by itself), he will find that when added together the contents exactly equal seventeen cubic inches. See also No. 20, "The Puzzle of the Doctor of Physic."
THE ADVENTURES OF THE PUZZLE CLUB
62.--_The Ambiguous Photograph._
One by one the members of the Club succeeded in discovering the key to the mystery of the Ambiguous Photograph, except Churton, who was at length persuaded to "give it up." Herbert Baynes then pointed out to him that the coat that Lord Marksford was carrying over his arm was a lady"s coat, because the b.u.t.tons are on the left side, whereas a man"s coat always has the b.u.t.tons on the right-hand side. Lord Marksford would not be likely to walk about the streets of Paris with a lady"s coat over his arm unless he was accompanying the owner. He was therefore walking with the lady.
As they were talking a waiter brought a telegram to Baynes.
"Here you are," he said, after reading the message. "A wire from Dovey: "Don"t bother about photo. Find lady was the gentleman"s sister, pa.s.sing through Paris." That settles it. You might notice that the lady was lightly clad, and therefore the coat might well be hers. But it is clear that the rain was only a sudden shower, and no doubt they were close to their destination, and she did not think it worth while to put the coat on."
63.--_The Cornish Cliff Mystery._
Melville"s explanation of the Cornish Cliff Mystery was very simple when he gave it. Yet it was an ingenious trick that the two criminals adopted, and it would have completely succeeded had not our friends from the Puzzle Club accidentally appeared on the scene. This is what happened: When Lamson and Marsh reached the stile, Marsh alone walked to the top of the cliff, with Lamson"s larger boots in his hands. Arrived at the edge of the cliff, he changed the boots and walked backwards to the stile, carrying his own boots.
This little manoeuvre accounts for the smaller footprints showing a deeper impression at the heel, and the larger prints a deeper impression at the toe; for a man will walk more heavily on his heels when going forward, but will make a deeper impression with the toes in walking backwards. It will also account for the fact that the large footprints were sometimes impressed over the smaller ones, but never the reverse; also for the circ.u.mstance that the larger footprints showed a shorter stride, for a man will necessarily take a smaller stride when walking backwards. The pocket-book was intentionally dropped, to lead the police to discover the footprints, and so be put on the wrong scent.
64.--_The Runaway Motor-Car._
Russell found that there are just twelve five-figure numbers that have the peculiarity that the first two figures multiplied by the last three--all the figures being different, and there being no 0--will produce a number with exactly the same five figures, in a different order. But only one of these twelve begins with a 1--namely, 14926. Now, if we multiply 14 by 926, the result is 12964, which contains the same five figures. The number of the motor-car was therefore 14926.
Here are the other eleven numbers:--24651, 42678, 51246, 57834, 75231, 78624, 87435, 72936, 65281, 65983, and 86251.
Compare with the problems in "Digital Puzzles," section of _A. in M._, and with Nos. 93 and 101 in these pages.
65.--_The Mystery of Ravensdene Park._
The diagrams show that there are two different ways in which the routes of the various persons involved in the Ravensdene Mystery may be traced, without any path ever crossing another. It depends whether the butler, E, went to the north or the south of the gamekeeper"s cottage, and the gamekeeper, A, went to the south or the north of the hall. But it will be found that the only persons who could have approached Mr. Cyril Hastings without crossing a path were the butler, E, and the man, C. It was, however, a fact that the butler retired to bed five minutes before midnight, whereas Mr. Hastings did not leave his friend"s house until midnight. Therefore the criminal must have been the man who entered the park at C.
[Ill.u.s.tration]