Pack trains were seen dashing along the line with that always absolutely essential--ammunition--thereby gladdening the hearts of the boys who were doing their utmost to expend every round in their belts to gain another foot of Spanish territory.
During all these stirring events the stomachs of the real heroes were not neglected, and most certainly not along our part of the line. Pack mules were brought right up to the line under a hot fire, loaded with sugar, coffee, bacon and hardtack, all of which was in plenty. Some of the mules were killed and wounded, but this did not r.e.t.a.r.d the advance of the train. When near the firing line some one called, "Whose rations?" A prompt reply, "Hungry soldiers."
The daring horseman was all that was needed to make the situation complete. Without partic.i.p.ation of cavalry, the ideal warrior disappears from the scene, and the battle and-picture of war is robbed of its most attractive feature.
Late in the afternoon, July 1, I was directed to take Saddler Sergeant Smith and bring to the firing line all the men I could find of the regiment. Going to the dressing station, collected those who had brought or a.s.sisted wounded there, thence across a portion of the field pa.s.sed over a few hours previous. Men were found almost exhausted, soaking wet, or a solid ma.s.s of mud, resting as comfortably as if in the finest of beds; many of them had been on picket duty all night before, to which was added the hard day"s work not then completed. After locating all I could, we went to the crest of the San Juan Hill, to the left of the sunken road, where the First U.S.
Cavalry was reforming, and there picked up a few more who had joined that regiment.
The Tenth Cavalry having in the meantime taken another position, I set out to find it, going in front, telling Smith to bring up the rear. We were detained a short time near Sunken Roads by sh.e.l.ls from Cervera"s fleet, which were falling in it at a lively rate. Barbed wire prevented us from "running the gauntlet." Shortly after crossing the road an officer pa.s.sed us, his horse pushed to his utmost, telling us to take all the ammunition that we possibly could on the firing line.
About that instant, the pack train came thundering by, which we relieved of a few thousand rounds in short order. I was much amused at one of the men who innocently asked, "Where are we to get axes to burst these strong boxes?" The job was speedily accomplished before the boxes were on the ground good, and most certainly in less time than it would have taken to explain matters to the inexperienced. We were soon off again, tramping all over the country, through darkness, running into wire entanglements, outposts and pickets, and within fifty yards of the enemy (subsequently ascertained).
About 11.00 P.M. found Colonel Roosevelt a few hundred yards from the Spanish lines with some of my regiment, the First Cavalry, and Rough Riders, at work on trenches, where we reported. All seemed glad to have my little reinforcement, about 65 men, and ammunition. I never felt so relieved at anything as I did to get that herculean task off my hands, a job as hard as working a problem in the third book of Euclid. The men were so tired that they would lie down at every stop to find the right road or the way out of the wire entanglements constantly encountered. I have never seen in a book anything to equal the Spanish wire entanglements. Barbed wire was stretched in every nook and corner, through streams, gra.s.s, and from two inches to six feet in height, and from a corkscrew to a cable in design. It takes the nerve of a circus man to get men along when they are so exhausted that every place feels alike to them, and that they would gladly give away Mr. Jim Hill"s fortune if they possessed it, for a few hours"
sleep.
On arrival at the front, lunch was about over or just ready.
Lieutenant E.D. Anderson (10th Cavalry) gave me two and one-half hardtacks from his supply, which he carried in his bosom. I was soon down for a little rest; all desultory firing had ceased; the pick and the shovel were the only things to disturb the quietude of that anxious night. Had been down but a short time when aroused by one of the Rough Riders, who had some rice and meat in an ammunition box which he brought from the captured blockhouse. The meat was undoubtedly mule, as the longer I chewed it the larger and more spongy it got, and were it not for the fact that I had had some experience in the same line many years before in Mexico while in pursuit of hostile Indians, I would certainly have accused our best friends (Rough Riders) of feeding us rubber. I made another effort for a little sleep, and was again aroused by some one pa.s.sing around hardtack, raw bacon, etc., with instructions as to where to go to cook it. I thanked him and carefully laid it aside to resume my nap. At 2.40 A.M. the pickets were having such a lively set to, that I thought the general engagement was on. It was at this time I discovered that I was shivering cold, and that my teeth were rattling equal to a telegraph sounder; so under the circ.u.mstances, I concluded not to try for any more sleep. The dew was falling thick and heavy; no coat, no blanket, top shirt torn in strips from the brush, and undershirt wet and in my pack, thrown off on coming into battle.
Early July 22nd the artillery took position on our left. Pickets kept up firing from 2.40 A.M. until 5.25, when the engagement became general. Shortly after 6.00 A.M. our artillery opened on the Spanish works, who promptly returned the compliment. During the firing the Dons exploded a sh.e.l.l in the muzzle of one of our pieces. Adjutant Barnum fell at 6.30 A.M.; his wound was promptly dressed, when I started to the Division Hospital with him. Though seriously hurt, I have never seen a better natured man. While en route, we laid him down to eat a can of salmon _found in the road_. In response to his query, "What"s up, Sergeant?" the salmon was pa.s.sed him; he helped himself, no further questions were asked, and the journey was resumed. On arrival at the hospital he was quickly examined and placed on a comfortable cot. Many of the attendants were completely played-out from overwork.
A visit to a field hospital will have a lasting place in your memory.
Every way you turn, amid the cries and groans, you get a beck or call to ease this, or hand me that, and one feels badly because of his inability to extend them material aid in their sufferings.
On returning to the front, I found the regiment as hotly engaged as when I left it some hours before. As the fighting was from trenches, many of our men were wounded by sh.e.l.ls. Sharpshooters were on hand as usual. I was sent to the Captain of Troop E, under the crest of the hill, with orders to dig an approach to one of the enemy"s trenches, evacuated the day before; also to bury some of their dead. While delivering the order, it being necessary to get very close on account of the noise, one of those ever vigilant sharpshooters put a bullet between our faces. The Captain asked me to cut the wire fence so his troops could get through more rapidly; while telling me, another bullet pa.s.sed so close as to disturb the Captain"s mustache. He took it good-naturedly, only remarking as he smiled, "Pretty close, Sergeant-Major!"
Firing ceased about 8 P.M. After all had had supper we changed position further to the right, where work on trenches was resumed.
About 10.30 P.M. the Spaniards made an attack upon our lines, and I have never before or since seen such terrific firing; the whole American line, which almost encircled the city, was a solid flame of fire. The enemy"s artillery replied, also their much-praised "Mausers," but to no avail; they had opened the ball, but Uncle Sam"s boys did not feel like yielding one inch of the territory so dearly bought.
About midnight all hands were aroused by the dynamite cruiser Vesuvius "coughing" for the Dons. The roar was so great that it seemed to shake the whole island. To the uninitiated it would appear that some one had taken a few mountains several miles up in a balloon and thrown them down.
July 3. Firing by pickets commenced very early, and quite heavy, at 5.40 A.M. Terrific cannonading to the seaward was heard between 9 and 10 A.M. As there was some talk of the enemy making a sortie, all eyes were open. Dirt began falling in the pits from the jar, bells could be heard tolling in the city, and steam whistles in the harbor. There was much speculation as to what was in progress. I"ll say that there were many glad hearts when the news reached us that _Sampson"s fleet was King of the Seas_. At 12 M. all firing was ordered off, for flag of truce to enter the Spanish lines. When the order for cease firing was given, one of the troopers laid his gun upon the parapet and remarked that he "would not take $2000 for his experience, but did not want a cent"s worth more." Work on bomb-proofs and breast works was continued incessantly until news of the surrender reached us.
July 4. Flag of truce all day; national and regimental colors placed on parapets. At noon the regiment paraded, and all hearts cheered by the patriotic telegram of the Commander-in-Chief--His Excellency, President McKinley. Refugees, in droves, could be seen leaving for several days, notice of bombardment having been served on the city.
July 5. There was much excitement when Lieutenant Hobson and party crossed our lines.
During truce, the monotony was broken occasionally by the presence of Spanish soldiers in quest of something to eat or desiring to surrender.
Truce was off July 10 at 4 P.M. Bombardment of the city commenced by the army and navy combined, which continued until 2 P.M. 11th.
Gatling, dynamite, rapid-firing and Hotchkiss guns were so well trained that the Dons scarcely dared to raise their heads, and their firing was soon silenced. During the attack our part of the line suffered no loss. While occupying these works, it was discovered that the gun of the enemy that _annoyed us most was quite near a large building covered with Red Cross flags_.
During the truce all of our dead were located and buried. It was sad, indeed, to see the vultures swarming like flies, when we knew so well their prey.
Though prepared to, several times, no shots were exchanged after July 11, and all was quiet until date of capitulation. The hardest rain ever witnessed, accompanied by terrific thunder and lightning, was on the last day of the engagement. Trenches were flooded and everything appeared as a sea.
July 17, at 9 A.M., the regiment, with the remainder of the army, was a.s.sembled over the trenches to witness the formal surrender of General Toral, with the Spanish forces. Owing to the dense tropical growth, and its similarity in color to their clothing, little or nothing could be seen, beyond the straw hats of the Dons, as they marched through the jungles. At 12 M., we were again placed in the same position, to salute "Old Glory" as she ascended over the Governor"s palace in the city, which was told by Cap.r.o.n"s battery U.S. Artillery. At the first shot, every individual tested his lungs to their fullest capacity, bands of music playing national airs.
Spanish soldiers were soon over our lines, trading off swords, wine, cigarettes and trinkets for hard tack and bacon. This soon ended, as there were positive orders against our fraternizing. The Spaniards were a fine looking lot of young men; though generally small in stature, and were very neat and clean, considering. The officers were an intelligent and dignified looking set. The Dons were away ahead on ammunition, and away behind on eatables. A few musty, hard tack, thrown in our trenches, were devoured like so much fresh beef, by so many hungry wolves.
Campaigning in the tropics entails many hardships, though unavoidable and only to be expected, in war. War is horrible in any aspect in which it may be viewed. Even those features of it intended to be merciful, are full of harshness and rigor; and after all, fighting is the easiest part.
As the capitulation was complete, and Santiago was our"s, we were ordered to change camp to a more healthful locality, with a view to allowing the men to recuperate. While en route many refugees were met returning to the city, men and women, with the scantiest clothing imaginable; large children even worse--in a nude state--all were making signs for something to eat.
In pa.s.sing through El Caney, filth of all descriptions was piled up in the streets; stock was seen standing inside dwellings with occupants; young and old were emaciated--walking skeletons; children with stomachs bloated to thrice their natural size--due to the unsanitary condition of the huts, so I was informed.
The bare facts are, that "half has never been told" regarding the true condition of the Cubans, and it is truly a G.o.dsend that "Uncle Sam"
was not delayed another day in letting the Don"s breathe a little of nature"s sweetest fragrance of the nineteenth century--Civilization.
The portion of the island I saw appears to be a beautiful park deserted and laid waste by the lavish application of the torch for many years. Magnificent mansions, or dwellings, in ruins; habitation scant, except near towns.
There were no domestic animals, except a few for saddle purposes, nor were there crops to be seen. No use whatever appears to be made of the luxuriant pasturage and rich fields. Sugar houses and sheds on plantations are in a state of decay, and the huge kettles for boiling deeply coated with rust.
The climate of Cuba offers all the essentials, heat, moisture and organic matter, for the development of germ life in its most active form.
The great heat and moisture, so excellent for the development of infected wounds, and for the rapid decomposing of the heavy undergrowth cannot, I believe, be exceeded anywhere.
The frequent tropical showers, invariably followed by a hot steam, along with which germs seem to float; the consequent exposure of the men to that glaring heat and moisture, lowered the general tone of the system so that they were especially liable to attacks of miasmatic diseases (malarial and typhoid fevers and dysentery.)
Owing to the dense humidity, clothing does not dry so long as it remains on the person, but must be removed, a condition that was absolutely impossible for many days on the field before Santiago. To this alone, much of our sickness may be attributed.
Our new camp, pitched on the eminence of El Caney, about one and one-half miles from the village, overlooking the city and bay of Santiago, with its excellent water, shade, gra.s.s, and increased comforts, which were daily shipped from our transports, presented a scene far more conciliatory than had been witnessed about the Tenth Horse for many days.
MEDALS OF HONOR AND CERTIFICATES OF MERIT GRANTED TO COLORED SOLDIERS FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICES IN THE CUBAN CAMPAIGN.
OFFICIAL.
MEDALS OF HONOR.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Name. | Rank | Regiment. | Troop or Co.| Remarks.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Bell, Dennis | Pvt. | 10th Cav. | Troop H. |For gallantry Lee, Fitz | Pvt. | 10th Cav. | Troop M. |in action at Tompkins, Wm. H. | Pvt. | 10th Cav. | Troop M. |Tayabacoa, Cuba, Wanton, Geo. H. | Pvt. | 10th Cav. | Troop M. |June 30, 1898.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- CERTIFICATES OF MERIT.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Name. |Rank. | Regiment. | Troop or Co.| Remarks.
----------------------------------------------------------------------- Bates, James |Pvt. | 9th Cav. | Troop H. | Crosby, Scott |Pvt. | 24th Inf. | Comp. A. | Davis, Edward |Pvt. | 9th Cav. | Troop H. | Elliott, J. |Sergt. | 10th Cav. | Troop D. | Fasit, Benjamin |Sergt. | 10th Cav. | Troop E. | Gaither, O. |Q.M.Sergt | 10th Cav. | Troop B. | Goff, G.W. |Sergt. | 9th Cav. | Troop B. | Graham, J. |Sergt. | 10th Cav. | Troop E. | Hagen, Abram |Corp. | 24th Inf. | Comp. G. | Herbert, H.T. |Corp. | 10th Cav. | Troop E. | Houston, Adam |1st Sergt.| 10th Cav. | Troop C. | Jackson, J. |1st Sergt.| 9th Cav. | Troop C. | Jackson, Elisha |Sergt. | 9th Cav. | Troop H. | Jackson, Peter |Corp. | 24th Inf. | Comp. G. | Jefferson, C.W. |1st Sergt.| 9th Cav. | Troop B. | McCoun, P. |1st Sergt.| 10th Cav. | Troop E. | Moore, Loney |Pvt. | 24th Inf. | Comp. A. | Oden, Oscar |Musician | 10th Cav. | ........ | Payne, William |Sergt. | 10th Cav. | Troop E. | Pumphrey, Geo. W |Corp. | 9th Cav. | Troop H. | Satch.e.l.l, James |Sergt. | 24th Inf. | Comp. A. | Smith, L. |Pvt. | 10th Cav. | Troop D. | Thornton, William|Corp. | 24th Inf. | Comp. G. | Walker, J. |Corp. | 10th Cav. | Troop D. | Williams, John T.|Sergt. | 24th Inf. | Comp. G. | Williams, R. |Corp. | 24th Inf. | Comp. B. | -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Besides the Certificates of Merit and Medals of Honor, mentioned above, and the promotions to commissions in the volunteer services, there were some instances of promotion to non-commissioned officers"
positions of men in the ranks or junior grade for conspicuous gallantry. Notably among such were Benjamin F. Sayre, of the Twenty-fourth, promoted to Sergeant-Major for gallantry at San Juan, and Private James W. p.e.n.i.ston, of the Tenth Cavalry, promoted to Squadron Sergeant-Major for conspicuous bravery at Las Guasimas.
Others there may be whose names are not available at this time.
FOOTNOTES:
[22] "The Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments fought one on either side of mine at Santiago, and I wish no better men beside me in battle than these colored troops showed themselves to be. Later on, when I come to write of the campaign, I shall have much to say about them."--T.
Roosevelt.
[23] The major commanding the squadron in which Sergeant Givens"
troops served, writes to the sergeant the following letter:
Sergeant William H. Givens, Troop D, 10th Cavalry, Fort Clark, Texas.