"In the application of elementary principles of government to practical administration "The Federalist" is the greatest work known to me."--_Guizot_.
PAGE 300. This coup of Hamilton"s was evidently not placed on record,--for manifest reasons,--for it is not to be found in Elliot"s "Debates," and we should have lost it but for a letter from Clinton to John Lamb. See Foster, "On the Const.i.tution," page 4, Vol. I.
PAGE 304. On page 842, "History of the Republic," by J.C. Hamilton, is the only letter from Hamilton to his brother James which has been preserved. It is well known in the family, however, that he corresponded with both his father and brother after his arrival in America. A letter from his father promising to come to the United States as soon as practicable will be found on page 567, Vol. V, Hamilton"s Works (J.C.
Hamilton edition).
PAGE 304. I am at a loss to understand upon what authority certain of Hamilton"s biographers base their a.s.sertion that, shortly after his arrival in this country, he cut his West Indian relatives, ignored their many claims upon his affection and grat.i.tude, and deliberately excluded them from his memory. There is no such a.s.sertion in his son"s biography, and the lives of Hamilton that have followed have been little more than a condensation of that voluminous work. This uncharitable a.s.sumption--which must precede such a statement--cannot be the result of an exhaustive reading of his correspondence, for there they would find letters from Hugh Knox and Governor Walsterstorff and Edward Stevens, extending over a period of many years; and reproaches in none of them.
Nor can it be the result of investigation among his descendants, for it is well known in the Hamilton family, that he not only corresponded regularly with his relatives, including his father, for a long while, but that he supported Mrs. Mitch.e.l.l after her husband"s failure and death. And even if this indisputable information were not accessible, it is incredible to me that any one capable of understanding Hamilton even a little should believe that so contemptible a quality as ingrat.i.tude had any place in his nature. The most impetuous, generous, honest, and tender of men, he was the last person to turn his back upon those who had befriended and supported him in his precarious youth. Had he been capable of such meanness, he would not have died lamented by the best men in the country, many of whom had loved him devotedly for a quarter of a century. Nor was there any motive for such a performance. One is not at all surprised to find that Mrs. Mitch.e.l.l was among the last of his earthly thoughts; but were there not ample proof of the falsity of these careless a.s.sertions, then indeed would Hamilton be an enigma.
PAGE 339. Burr was married to Madame Jumel for a short time when they were both old enough to know better. She very quickly sent him about his business and resumed the name of her second husband. Burr had appropriated sixteen thousand dollars with which she had entrusted him, and, as she told people still living, his charming manners were entirely superficial, he was cross and exacting at home. Nevertheless she did not hesitate to make use of him upon occasion. During the bread riots in Italy her carriage was hemmed in one day and her richly attired self threatened by the furious populace. When it became evident that her terrified coachman could make no headway she arose to her majestic height, and, sweeping out one hand with her haughtiest gesture, said in a loud and commanding tone, "Make way! make way! for the widow of the Vice-President of the United States." The crowd fell back properly awed.
Madame Jumel claimed to have the famous diamond necklace, but for the truth of this claim I cannot vouch. She certainly had many personal relics of Napoleon, confided to the care of Jumel, when the fallen Emperor meditated flight on his faithful banker"s frigate.
PAGE 387. It is impossible that Hamilton could have sat for all the alleged portraits of himself, scattered over the United States, or he would have had no time to do any work. Moreover, few realize his personality or the contemporaneous description of him. That in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts is the best. That in the City Hall, New York, is one of the best, and the copy of it in the Treasury Department, Washington, is better. Several others are charming, notably, the one at Morristown Headquarters, New Jersey, and the one painted for his army friends, now in the possession of Mr. Philip Schuyler. The one in the Chamber of Commerce is a Trumbull, but looks like a fat boy with thin legs. It is to be hoped there will be no further photographing of that libel. Had Hamilton looked like it he would have accomplished nothing.
PAGE 413. As the visit of little Lafayette to the United States was of no historical moment I have taken the liberty of bringing him over at my own pleasure. Otherwise I should have been obliged merely to mention his advent in the course of the rapid seven years" summary which comes later.
PAGE 430. That Hamilton conceived the ice-water cure for yellow fever is well known to doctors.
PAGE 435. Mr. Richard Church kindly brought me an old bundle of letters from Mrs. Church to Mrs. Hamilton. Except for the faded ink they might been written yesterday, so lively, natural, and _modern_ were they. It was impossible to realize that the writer was dust long since. Indeed, in all the matter, published and unpublished, that I have read for this book, I find no excuse for the inverted absurdities and stilted forms with which it is thought necessary to create a hundred-year-old atmosphere.
PAGE 441. This letter of Thomas Corbin disposes of the a.s.severations of Jefferson"s biographers that the leader of the Democrats dressed himself like a gentleman until he became President. His untidiness was probably congenital to begin with, and in any case would have been a policy from the first, of that deep and subtle mind.
PAGE 448. A clause had been inserted in Article II of the Const.i.tution which would permit Hamilton, although an alien born, to be a President of the United States.
PAGE 451. It was Mr. James Q. Howard in a letter to the New York _Sun_, May, 1901, who called attention to the fact that Hamilton was the first of the "Imperialists," or "Expansionists."
PAGE 458. I wrote to Colonel Mills, Commander of West Point, to ask him if any of Hamilton"s codes were still in use. The librarian of the post, Dr. Edward S. Holden, replied, among other things, as follows: "... As circ.u.mstances have changed, the details of his codes have changed, and the principles which guided him have been readapted to new conditions as they have arisen. The best praise that can be given him is, then, that he thoroughly understood the basic principles underlying military affairs, and that with superb genius he applied them to the exigencies of his time with that philosophical and at the same time practical talent which was his special endowment."
PAGE 469. I made a copy from the original of a letter from Alexander Baring (afterward Lord Ashburton) to his counsel, D.J. Rinnan, containing full details of this transaction. One of the significant points about the contemptuous opinions of Burr"s dishonesty which one comes upon constantly in the correspondence of this period, is that no one claims to have made its discovery, or to think comment worth while.
It evidently became established at an early date. But brilliancy and dexterity saved him at the bar, and he won many a case for those who despised him most.
PAGE 471. Tammany Hall was highly respectable in the beginning of its career. I have here used the term in the figurative sense; it is in truth an epigram into which all political abomination is concentrated.
PAGE 474. For correspondence of Hamilton with his Scotch relatives, and with Secretary of the Navy regarding Robert Hamilton, see Vol. VI, Hamilton"s Works.
PAGE 496.
Burials in 1799, Con. June 3d. James Hamilton--Father of General Hamilton in America killed by Col. Baird.
NOTE: The Rev. I. Guilding was the Rector of the Parish at this time, and the entry was made by him in the above form.
E.A. TURPIN.
I certify that the above entry is a true and correct copy from the Register of Burials in the Cathedral Church of St. George, in the town of Kingston, in the island of St. Vincent, West Indies, by me,
E.A. TURPIN, Rector of St. George and St. Andrew, and Archdeacon of St.
Vincent, this 13th day of May, 1901.
PAGE 501. Hamilton never would own a slave.
PAGE 509. The story of Burr"s awakening Hamilton in the early morning to borrow of him, is related in "The History of the Republic." Mrs.
Hamilton herself is the authority for the other loan. The story was told her by Washington Morton, her brother-in-law, who arranged it, Burr, for once, being ashamed to go openly to Hamilton. He repaid this sum after Hamilton"s death.
PAGE 516. The oft-told tale of Hamilton and Burr meeting at the house of Madame Jumel on the night before the challenge, I have, after careful investigation, utterly repudiated. In the first place, the lady had been married but two months, and to a Frenchman at that. He was a rich man and had undoubtedly married her for love, moreover was devoted to her as long as he lived. It is not at all likely that he was permitting Hamilton to call one night and Burr the next--so the story runs. In the second place, Hamilton, whatever may have been his adventures in the past, was in no condition for gallivanting at this period, as I think I have demonstrated. Dr. Hosack, in the paper he prepared for the _Post_ on the day following Hamilton"s death, a.s.serted that owing to the patient"s feeble condition he had been unable to give the usual medicines. At the same time Hamilton had been working from fourteen to fifteen hours a day. The conclusions are obvious. Moreover, General Hamilton, now eighty-seven, and in perfect possession of all his faculties, has told me that he frequently accompanied his grandmother, Hamilton"s widow, to call on Madame Jumel. In the small town of New York no such sensational meeting could have been kept a secret for long.
Madame Jumel lived in the city at the time, by the way, her husband not buying the house on the Heights until 1815.
But that she was at the bottom of the matter I should not have had the slightest doubt, even were it not an accepted fact by both Hamilton"s present family and hers, and I arrived at my conclusions, as the story of all concerned, and of the history of the times, developed.
PAGE 522. Burr kept these letters until he died, at the age of 80, and left them to Matthew Davis, who destroyed those whose writers were dead, and returned the others to certain ancient and highly respected dames.
PAGE 527. These pistols are now in the possession of Mr. Richard Church.
PAGE 531. Hamilton"s strong likeness to the Caesars is best seen in the marbles of him, notably the one executed by Ceracchi. The painted likenesses of him either do not resemble him at all or are so full of his vivacity, mischievous humour, and indomitable youth that they are wholly himself.
From "Statistical Account of Scotland," Vol. V, page 450, Edinburgh: "The most remarkable person connected with the parish (Stevenston in Ayrshire) was the late General Alexander Hamilton of the family of Grange, though America was the field in which he distinguished himself.
He was excelled by none as a general, orator, financier, lawyer. In the words of one who knew him, he was "the mentor of Washington, the framer of the present const.i.tution of America, a man of strict honour and integrity; equally esteemed in public and in private life.""
The above came to my hand after the book went to press, and I publish it to emphasize the fact that the Scotch Hamiltons eagerly claimed the kinship of Hamilton, quite indifferent to the irregularity of his birth.
Hamilton"s children were born and named as follows: Philip, January 22, 1782; Angelica, September 25, 1784; Alexander, May 16, 1786; James Alexander, April 14, 1788; John Church, August 22, 1792; William Stephen, August 4, 1797; Eliza, November 20, 1799; Philip, June 7, 1802.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to the following people who have helped me with family papers, books and political pamphlets long out of print, their knowledge of the unwritten history of the United States, unpublished anecdotes of Hamilton, and general suggestions: Mr. James Q. Howard of the Library of Congress; Dr. Allan McLane Hamilton; General A. Hamilton; Colonel J.C.L. Hamilton; Mr.
Richard Church; Mr. Roger Foster; Mr. H.W. Parker of the Mechanics"
Inst.i.tute Free Library of New York; Dr. Richard B. Coutant, and Mr.
Philip Schuyler; and to the following residents of the British and Danish West Indies:
_On St. Christopher_
Mrs. Spencer Wigley Dr. Joseph Haven, U.S. Consul The Rev. William Evered The Rev. George Yoe Mr. E.P. Latouche, Registrar and Provost Marshal
_On Nevis_
The Hon. C.C. Greaves The Rev. W. Cowley The Rev. Mr. Shephard Mr. G.V. Mercier
_On St. Croix_
The Rev. W.C. Watson
Also--The West Indian works of Dr. Taylor, and Lightbourne"s Annuals.