I reported to them on the propriety of releasing their prisoners. The report is to be considered today, and I doubt not that it will be agreed to. The British Parliament appear to be extremely dissatisfied at the terms of peace; a majority, headed by Lord North, has been obtained against the Administration, so that I think Lord Shelburne has little prospect of continuing in the Administration; but this is of no consequence to us, unless we are bound to like an Administration that has served us against their will. As doubts may arise with respect to the rest.i.tution of prizes taken after the epoch fixed by the Proclamation, it may not be improper for me to mention to you, that we conceive, that hostilities ceased in those parts of the Atlantic Ocean, which lay in the same _lat.i.tude_ with the Canaries, on the 3d of March.
I am, Sir, &c.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
TO SIR GUY CARLETON.
Philadelphia, April 12th, 1783.
Sir,
I received your letter of the 6th instant, informing me of the arrival of a Packet, by which you have official intelligence, that the Preliminary Articles of Peace with France and Spain were signed at Paris on the 20th of January last; that the ratifications have been since exchanged, and that his Britannic Majesty has ordered a cessation of arms to be proclaimed, as well by sea as by land; and that you propose, agreeably to his orders, to issue a similar Proclamation, and to set at liberty your prisoners of war.
This interesting intelligence was communicated to the United States in Congress, who, though they had yet received no official accounts, would immediately have made it the basis of pacific measures, without entertaining doubts of its authenticity, or yielding to suspicions which would tend to prolong the calamities of war; but while these measures were under consideration, they received from their Ministers official advices of the agreement between them and the Court of Great Britain relative to a cessation of hostilities, on which they have founded the enclosed Proclamation.[29] They have likewise under consideration measures for the discharge of their prisoners; these measures will be carried into effect as soon as possible after they are determined on.
It cannot be doubted, Sir, as you justly observe, that Congress will embrace the earliest opportunity to perform the stipulations contained in the fifth, as well as every other of the Provisional Articles, immediately after the same shall have been ratified. In the meanwhile, it must be obvious to your Excellency that a recommendation to restore to the loyalists the estates they have forfeited, will come with less weight before Legislatures composed of men, whose property is still withheld from them by the continuance of his Britannic Majesty"s fleets and armies in this country, than it will do when peace and the full enjoyment of their rights shall have worn down those asperities, which have grown out of eight years" war. This reflection will, I doubt not, induce you to give every facility in your power to the execution of the seventh Article of the Provisional Treaty, and to fix as early a day for the evacuation of New York, and its dependencies, as may consist with your orders.
I give the fullest credit, Sir, to your a.s.surances, that you are ready to cultivate the spirit of harmony and good will between the subjects and citizens of his Britannic Majesty and these States, since I find them warranted by the humanity which has uniformly distinguished your command in America. But, Sir, time only, with liberality in those that govern in both countries, can entirely efface the remembrance of what has pa.s.sed, and produce that perfect good will, which I sincerely concur with you in wishing to cultivate.
I am, Sir, &c.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
FOOTNOTES:
[29] See this Proclamation in the _Correspondence of the Commissioners for Peace_, Vol. X. p. 133.
TO REAR ADMIRAL DIGBY.
Philadelphia, April 12th, 1783.
Sir,
I received your letter, enclosing a Proclamation for the suspension of hostilities, and informing me of your design to recall your cruisers and release your prisoners. In return, Sir, I have the pleasure to enclose a Proclamation by the United States of America for a suspension of hostilities. Congress have the measures necessary for the return of their prisoners under consideration; I shall acquaint you with those they adopt.
The resolution transmitted in my last, has already informed you, that the humanity of Congress induced them, on the first intimation of the cessation of hostilities, to recall their cruisers. It is to be hoped, Sir, that no difficulties will arise on either side as to the rest.i.tution of such vessels as may have been taken after the epoch mentioned in the Proclamations of his Britannic Majesty and the United States. For though this may be of no great moment when considered in a national light, yet it becomes important, from the number of captures made on this coast within the lat.i.tude of the Canaries, since the 3d of March last, as well as from the presages, which the first steps may furnish, of the respect that will in future be paid to the stipulations in the treaty.
The gentleman, who delivered me your letter, will inform you, that it came open to my hands from a mistake in the direction. I am so fully persuaded, Sir, that I do not deceive myself, when I impute this rather to mistake, than to the principle followed, in some instances, in an early period of the late war, that I should not have noticed it now but to prevent, in future, the inconveniences, with which it has been in this instance attended.
I am, &c.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
TO GEORGE WASHINGTON.
Philadelphia, April 12th, 1783.
Dear Sir,
I congratulate your Excellency most sincerely upon the cessation of hostilities, which you will learn from the enclosed Proclamation. You will doubtless have heard directly from General Carleton on the subject, so that it will not be necessary to trouble you with the substance of his letter to me.
Congress will this day, upon my report, take into consideration the propriety of discharging the prisoners, and the manner in which it is to be done. Sir Guy Carleton presses hard in his letter for the execution of the fifth of the Preliminary Articles. I have replied, that it cannot be executed till the treaty is ratified; and in the mean time endeavored to convince him, that the recommendation of Congress will be received with much more respect, when the persons, who compose our Legislatures, have returned to their respective homes, and the asperities occasioned by the war shall be a little worn down by the enjoyment of peace. It is a very capital omission in our treaty, that no time has been fixed for the evacuation of New York.
It were to be wished, that General Carleton"s intentions on this head could be sounded by your Excellency.
I have the honor to be, Dear Sir, &c.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
CIRCULAR TO THE GOVERNORS OF THE STATES.
Philadelphia, April 12th, 1783.
Sir,
Permit me to offer you my congratulations on the important event announced by the United States, in Congress, in the enclosed Proclamation for the cessation of hostilities; an event, which is not only pleasing, as it relieves us from the acc.u.mulated distresses of war in the bowels of our country, but as it affords the fairest and most flattering prospects of its future greatness and prosperity. I need not, I am persuaded, Sir, use any arguments to urge your Excellency and the State over which you preside, to the most scrupulous attention to the execution of every stipulation in our treaty, which may depend on you or them. A national character is now to be acquired. I venture to hope, that it will be worthy of the struggles by which we became a nation.
I have the honor to be, &c.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
SIR GUY CARLETON TO ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.
New York, April 14th, 1783.
Sir,
As I observe in the seventh article of the Provisional Treaty it is agreed, after stipulating that "all prisoners on both sides shall be set at liberty," that "his Britannic Majesty shall with all convenient speed, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any negroes, or other property of the American inhabitants, withdraw all his armies, garrisons, and fleets from the United States, and from every port, place, and harbor within the same, &c.;" and as embarkations of persons and property are on the point of being made, I am to request that Congress would be pleased to empower any person or persons, on behalf of the United States, to be present at New York, and to a.s.sist such persons as shall be appointed by me to inspect and superintend all embarkations, which the evacuation of this place may require; and they will be pleased to represent to me every infraction of the letter or spirit of the treaty, that redress may be immediately ordered.
I am, Sir, &c.
GUY CARLETON.
TO THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS.
Philadelphia, April 21st, 1783.