_Dark Brown._--Dye with 2 lb. Dianil dark brown, 5 lb. salt and 5 lb.
phosphate of soda at the boil for one hour.
_Light Brown._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Diamine catechine G, 3 lb. soda and 15 lb. Glauber"s salt.
_Brown._--Dye with 2-1/4 lb. Cotton brown N, 4 oz. Diamine black H W, 2 lb. soda and 20 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil for one hour.
_Dark Walnut Brown._--Make the dye-bath with 3-1/4 lb. Diamine brown M, 6 oz. Diamine catechine B, 6 oz. Diamine red 5 B, 2 lb. soda and 20 lb.
Glauber"s salt; work at the boil.
_Dark Chestnut Brown._--Dye with 2-1/2 lb. Dianil brown R, 1 lb. soda and 20 lb. salt at the boil.
_Dark Brown._--Dye with 2 lb. Dianil brown 3 G O, 2 lb. Dianil brown B D, 1 lb. Dianil red 4 B, 3 lb. soda and 25 lb. salt at the boil for one hour.
_Brown._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Mikado brown M and 25 lb.
salt; work the cotton in this at the boil for one hour.
_Nut Brown._--Use in the dye-bath 2-1/2 lb. Benzo brown G and 15 lb.
salt, working at the boil.
_Dark Brown._--Use in the dye-bath 3 lb. Benzo brown N B and 15 lb.
Glauber"s salt, working at the boil.
_Dark Brown._--Make the dye-bath with 4 lb. Diphenyl brown B N, 10 lb.
Glauber"s salt and 4 lb. soap, working at the boil to shade.
_Black Brown._--Use in the dye-bath 2-1/2 lb. Dianil brown 3 G O, 1-1/2 lb. Dianil brown G, 3/4 lb. Dianil dark blue R, 3 lb. soda and 25 lb.
salt.
_Dark Brown._--Dye with 1-1/2 lb. Zambesi black D, 1-1/4 lb. Brilliant orange G, 3 lb. soda and 20 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil to shade.
_Gold Brown._--Dye with 2 lb. Curc.u.mine S, 1 lb. Columbia orange R, 5 oz. Columbia black F B, 3 lb. soda and 15 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil.
_Dark Chestnut._--Dye at the boil with 2 lb. Columbia Orange R, 8 oz.
Columbia black F B, 2 lb. soda and 10 lb. Glauber"s salt.
_Sage Brown._--Dye with 1 lb. Zambesi black D, 1 lb. Curc.u.mine S, 3/4 lb. Diamine orange G D, 3 lb. soda and 30 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil.
_Deep Brown._--Dye 3-1/2 lb. Diamine brown M, 3/4 lb. Oxydiamine orange G, 3/4 lb. Diamine black H W, 3 lb. soda and 20 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil.
_Chestnut._--Dye with 2-1/2 lb. Diamine brown G, 3/4 lb. Oxydiamine orange R, 3 lb. soda and 20 lb. Glauber"s salt.
_Pale Walnut Brown._--Dye with 3-1/2 lb. Diamine brown M, 3/4 lb.
Oxydiamine orange G, 1-1/2 oz. Diamine black B H, 3 lb. soda and 20 lb.
Glauber"s salt.
Various other browns may be obtained by combining the various direct browns together or with other direct dyes. The use of a yellow or orange will brighten them; that of a red will redden the shade; the addition of a dark blue or a black will darken the shade considerably. It may be useful to remember that a combination of red, orange and blue or black produces a brown, and by using various proportions a great range of shades can be dyed.
_Black._--Prepare a dye-bath with 6 lb. Diamine black R O, 2 oz.
Thioflavine S, 2 lb. soap, 10 lb. salt. Enter the cotton at the boil and dye for one hour; lift, wash and dry.
_Black._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Direct deep black E extra, and 1/2 to 1-1/2 oz. common salt per gallon of water. Dye at the boil for one hour.
_Deep Black._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5-1/2 lb. Diamine deep black R B, 2 lb. soda, 20 lb. Glauber"s salt. Dye at the boil for one hour; lift, wash and dry.
_Black._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Direct triamine black G X, 15 lb. Glauber"s salt. Dye for one hour at the boil; lift, rinse and dry.
In working for from two to three hours the dye-bath will exhaust completely.
_Black._--Prepare the dye-bath with 5 lb. Oxydiamine black A, 20 lb.
Glauber"s salt, 2 lb. soda. Dye at the boil for one hour.
_Black._--Prepare the dye-bath with 6 lb. Pluto black B. Dye at the boil for one hour with the addition of 3/4 to 1-1/4 oz. Glauber"s salt, 1/2 to 3/4 oz. soda ash per gallon of liquor. To develop the shade it is necessary to dye in a boiling liquor.
_Black._--Use 2-1/2 lb. Diamine jet black Cr, 2-1/2 lb. Diamine jet black R B, 2 lb. soda, and 20 lb. Glauber"s salt, working at the boil for one hour.
_Black._--Use 6 lb. Oxydiamine black N R, 2 lb. soda and 20 lb.
Glauber"s salt, working at the boil for one hour.
_Black._--Use 6 lb. Columbia Black F B B, 3 lb. soda and 20 lb.
Glauber"s salt, working at the boil to shade.
Besides the blacks given in the above recipes, there are other brands which are used in the same way, and vary slightly in the shade of black they give.
All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.
By coupling, chroming or developing, the direct blacks can be made to give full, deep and fast blacks, and examples of their use in this manner will be found in following sections.
By using all the direct blacks in proportions varying from 1/4 to 1 per cent. of dye-stuff to the weight of the cotton they give greys of various tints and depths; a few examples of such greys will now be given.
_Blue Grey._--Prepare the dye-bath with 1/2 lb. Oxydiamine black A, 1 lb. soda, 10 lb. Glauber"s salt. Dye at the boil for one hour.
_Bright Grey._--Prepare a dye-bath with 4-1/2 oz. Azo mauve A M, 1-1/2 oz. Direct yellow G, 3 lb. soda, 15 lb. common salt.
_Silver Grey._--Prepare the dye-bath with 1/2 oz. Neutral grey G, 10 lb.
sulphate of soda. Work at the boil to shade, then lift, wash and dry.
_Slate._--Dye in a bath with 1/2 lb. Diamine black B H, 3 oz. Diamine bronze G, 15 lb. Glauber"s salt at the boil for three-quarters of an hour.
_Bronze Grey._--Prepare a dye-bath with 1/2 lb. Diamine bronze G, 15 lb.
Glauber"s salt, 3 lb. soap. Enter at about 160 F., raise to boil and work for one hour; lift, wash and dry.
_Dark Slate._--Prepare a dye-bath with 10 lb. Glauber"s salt, 1-1/2 lb.
soap, 1 lb. Diamine black R O, 2 lb. Cotton brown N. Heat to about 150 F. Enter the goods, work for a short time, then raise to the boil and work for one hour; lift, wash and dry.
_Green Grey._--Prepare a dye-bath with 10 lb. Glauber"s salt, 1 lb.
Diamine black R O, 3/4 oz. Thioflavine S. Enter at from 150 Tw. to 180 F., raise to boil and dye for one hour; wash and dry.
_Light Slate._--Prepare a dye-bath containing 2-1/4 lb. soap, 15 lb.
Glauber"s salt, 6 oz. Diamine black R O, 1/2 oz. thioflavine S. Enter cotton at 140 F., work a little, then heat to boil and dye to shade; lift, wash and dry.