The possibility of giving subtle and original treatment to familiar phases of life, together with the attendant possibility of revealing human nature in the theater, hold forth the chief promise along this line. Clever twisting and turning will make a new incident from an old one, as is best demonstrated in what Beaumont and Fletcher did with Lope de Vega when they adapted "Sancho Ortez" into "The Custom of the Country", and playwrights are learning to turn little things to vital account in the construction of their plays. A glance at a photograph now-a-days is made to convey all what was indicated in a five-minutes talk between butler and maid twenty years ago.
As to the matter of heart interest, that, after all, is the thing that counts most, and that is eternal and inexhaustible. Charles Klein, author of "The Music Master", put this to me neatly not long ago in an attempt to prove the advantage of the realistic drama over the romantic. "Supposing a man comes to you", he remarked, "and says that his wife has just fallen out of a balloon. You"re not sorry, because you can"t understand why his wife should have gone up in a balloon.
Let the same man say to you, however, that he is out of a position and that his family is starving, and see how quickly the tears will come into your eyes. So far as modern audiences are concerned, the old duel-fighting, hose-wearing romantic heroes are up in a balloon. We want sorrows and joys we can comprehend."
It is this creed that makes the new dramatist an ent.i.ty worth seeking.
If it proves difficult to discover him among the thousands who write plays, it at least is worth while to cultivate him when he is found among those who write promising plays. "By their works ye shall know them" is particularly applicable to the men who will some day succeed Barrie and Pinero. They will bear watching. If I were a producing manager I should keep in touch with the men whose first pieces indicate the possession of ability. I would set them at work, not at tailoring plays to fit personalities, but at realizing their ideas and their ideals. Certainly this great country is full of material waiting for dramatization, and it must be equally true that it is full of authors capable of accomplishing the task. They will not be the illiterate glory-hunters who deluge theatrical offices with their ma.n.u.scripts, nor will they be the celebrities whose brains have been pressed dry. It were wise to look for them among the people whose professions draw them into close touch with the real world and the theater; among the newspaper men and the enthusiastic play-lovers; among those whose first and second efforts are now the financial failures on Broadway.
_THE PERSONALITIES OF OUR PLAYWRIGHTS_
Being an effort to out do Ernest Thompson Seton and Charles G.
D. Roberts at their own game--which is speaking literally.
Not long ago an intelligent young man walked into a meeting of the Society of American Dramatists and Composers, at the Hotel Astor, and, after scanning the faces about him, inquired: "Is this the Cloak and Suit Manufacturers" a.s.sociation?"
Don"t blame the young man. If tomorrow you undertook on a wager to tell a prosperous tailor from a celebrated author, your safest plan would be to select the individual who looked more like a tailor, and say: "That is the author!" Among persons whose acquaintances do not figure in the public prints, except as "Old Subscriber" or "Vox Populi", the playwright is still supposed to be distinguishable by long, curly hair, a flowing tie, a high hat, and a frock coat, worn with the right hand inserted in the s.p.a.ce between the first and second b.u.t.tons.
As a matter of fact, this description fits only the quack doctor and the vender of patent medicines. There _are_ flowing-tie playwrights, but generally they belong in the ranks of the ineffectual and the unproduced. One sees them oftener at studio teas than at "first nights." In whatever other respects they may differ, our dramatists are pretty much alike as regards the commonplaceness of their manner and appearance. Most of them regard the writing of plays as a business, and go about it as a baker goes about making his loaves or a plumber about mending a pipe.
On the whole, it is easy to understand the disappointment of a hero-worshipper to whom a companion pointed out Charles Klein. The author of a dozen successful pieces tells the story with great gusto.
"It was on a ferry boat," he relates, "and two young chaps were standing near the forward doors. As I strolled past, one of them remarked: "That"s the fellow that wrote "The Gamblers."""
"My chest had already begun to expand when I caught the rejoinder.
"Him!" exclaimed the other. "Well, I"ll be d.a.m.ned!""
Augustus Thomas and David Belasco are two dramatists who would rob no layman of his illusions. Mr. Belasco, whose clerical collar and spiritual face have been pictured in numberless newspapers and magazines, looks every inch a poet, and his soft voice and far-away manner help sustain the impression. Mr. Thomas more evidently belongs to our own mundane sphere; he is a man of the world, distinguished by his poise and polish, by the suavity, reserve and equilibrium that come with confidence and after long experience. The late Clyde Fitch had these qualities, too. He was an artist to his finger tips, a thinker of fine thoughts and a dreamer of great dreams. This article originally began with an account of him, and, since Clyde Fitch was much more than a transient figure in our theater, I see no reason why he should be left out of it now.
"Mr. Fitch", I wrote the day he sailed for France, never to return, "is the son of a former army officer, forty-four years old, graduated from Amherst College, and has spent much of his life traveling about Europe. He is quite tall, rather thickly built, and has a heavy, dark mustache. My acquaintance with him dates from the performance of my first original comedy, "The Little Gray Lady", and is due to a friendly feeling for the new-comers in his profession that is one of his finest traits.
""The Little Gray Lady" was being presented in the Garrick Theater, and I was somewhat excited, the morning after its premiere, at learning that a box had been secured for Mr. Fitch. That night I stationed myself across the auditorium, so that I might judge how he enjoyed the entertainment. My heart almost stopped beating when, soon after the curtain lifted, the object of my interest arose from his seat, and manifested every intention of departing. "Good heaven!" I exclaimed to myself. "Is the piece as contemptible as that? And, even if it is, what an affront; what a rude thing to do!" My mortification was short-lived. Mr. Fitch and his party did walk out of their box, but only to take orchestra chairs, from which they had a better view of the stage. The next morning I received a generous letter. ""The Little Gray Lady" is a big "Little Lady", I think." And would I lunch tomorrow at Mr. Fitch"s town house, in East Fortieth Street?
"This house has afforded a wide-open outlet for its owner"s const.i.tutional lavishness, and is, perhaps, as luxuriously appointed and as exquisitely fitted as any residence of its size in New York.
Mr. Fitch loves beautiful things, and invests in them with a prodigality that would frighten the heirs of a copper king. "It doesn"t matter how much money I make," he said to me one afternoon. "I spend a big income as quickly as a little one." The Fortieth Street domicile is literally crowded with paintings, carvings, ceramics, and other objects of art. A gentleman who dined there recently had his attention attracted by three curiously wrought cigarette cases that stood on the table, one at each plate. He supposed them to be beaten bra.s.s, set with rhine stones, and was amazed when his wife discovered that they were of solid gold and diamonds. "Their intrinsic worth," he said, "could not have been less than ten thousand dollars. Imagine my horror when I remembered that I had been on the point of inquiring whether they were meant to be dinner favors!"
"Mr. Fitch maintains two establishments beside the place in New York; one at Greenwich, called Quiet Corners--a young woman I know insists upon speaking of it as "Cozy Corners"--and the other an estate of two hundred acres at Katohna, in Westchester County. James Forbes, who wrote "The Chorus Lady" and "The Travelling Salesman", relates an experience of a visit to the former residence. Here he found a stable, which, in lieu of horses, held hundreds of masterpieces in marble and bronze which the collector had not been able to resist purchasing, but for which he had no room in his house!
"Managers who make contracts with Clyde Fitch will tell you that he appreciates the value of money, but that commodity certainly doesn"t cling long to his fingers. However, a responsible man can afford to be irresponsible, and an industrious man to be extravagant. Mr. Fitch has written fifty-four plays in less than twenty years, an average of one play every four months! When you stop to consider that an ordinary ma.n.u.script consists of about one hundred and thirty typed pages, and that each piece must be thought out, drafted and re-drafted, rehea.r.s.ed and produced you will admit that the labor involved in making such a record must have been Herculean.
"Nevertheless, Mr. Fitch never seems to be hurried or worried. He entertains a good deal, goes to the theater frequently, and takes a boyish interest in trifles. It is this interest that fills his work with human touches, the small topicalities of the moment. I saw him one night at "The Three Twins", and he commented laughingly upon the catchiness of the song, "Cuddle Just a Little Closer." Two months later I found that air as the motif, almost the Wagnerian theme, of his comedy, "The Bachelor."
[Ill.u.s.tration: "_Clyde Fitch"s ability to work under any circ.u.mstances_"]
"The secret of the Fitch productiveness undoubtedly lies in his ability to work under any circ.u.mstances, in odd moments. Austin Strong, author of "The Toymaker of Nuremberg", and one or two other guests were spending a rainy week-end in the living room at Katohna, when their host excused himself, and, sitting at a desk the other side of the room, began writing. "Go on talking", he said; "you don"t bother me." He had plunged into the second act scene between Mabel Barrison and Charles d.i.c.kson in "The Blue Mouse", and he finished it that afternoon. Mr. Forbes saw him one morning in Venice, gliding about in a gondola and scribbling as fast as his pencil could cover the pages. That exquisite bit of "The Girl Who Has Everything", in which Eleanor Robson punished little Donald Gallagher by compelling him to strike her, was indited upon a pocket pad while the chauffeur was repairing the playwright"s car, which had broken down between Greenwich and New York.
"Mr. Fitch abrogates to himself the task of producing his works, taking personal charge of everything, from the selection of the company to the designing of color schemes and the purchase of five and ten cent articles of bric-a-brac. Most people have heard of his skill at rehearsal. He and Mr. Thomas are two of the best stage managers in America. Seated quietly in a corner of the auditorium, or standing just back of the footlights, Mr. Fitch gives the directions that make his performances perfect mosaics of marvelously life-like minutae. Of stories bearing upon his quick perception, his instinct for detail, and his understanding of cause and effect there are enough to make a saga, but one anecdote will serve the purpose of this article.
"It was at the dress rehearsal of "Girls", toward the end of the first act, when the young women were climbing into their roosts and saying "good night." A property man appeared with a radiator, which the author had insisted upon having in the setting, "because I never saw a flat without one." The stage hand set down his burden and was about to tip toe into the wings, when he was stopped by a sharp command. "Wait!" exclaimed Mr. Fitch.
"The property man waited. "Excuse me", he muttered. "I didn"t mean to interrupt--"
"Never mind that!" the dramatist continued. "Look here! Miss Maycliffe says "Goodnight!" You wait two seconds and then hammer like blazes on a piece of iron behind that radiator. I want the noise that steam makes in the pipes--"
""I"m on!" grinned the property man. So were the others. Everybody in that house had been awakened in the dead of night by the malicious clanking of the steam pipes, and everybody recognized the bit of every-day. The audience the next night was not less quick of perception, and the diversion proved, as you probably know, to be one of the most effective bits of comedy in "Girls.""
All this was written two years ago. Quiet Corners and The Other House are deserted now, and the beautiful things that filled them, and the residence in Fortieth Street, have been distributed. A part of the collection was willed to the Metropolitan Museum. It is pathetic to reflect that the first Fitch play to win unqualified praise from the critics was produced after the death of its author. Yet "The City" was not a better piece than "The Climbers", or "Her Own Way", or "The Girl With the Green Eyes", or "The Truth." Clyde Fitch was dead; therein lay the difference. The living Clyde Fitch always was treated by the journalistic reviewers as a sort of malefactor, as a man whose deliberate intent was to do bad work. Only his intimates know how keenly he felt this. "Newspaper praise," he said to me once, "is for the dramatist on his way up or his way down; never for the dramatist at the top." Clyde Fitch was the most brilliant man who ever wrote for the stage in America. Heaven rest his soul!
Augustus Thomas conducts rehearsals from an orchestra stall in the body of the theater, whence he shouts instructions through a megaphone. I have often printed the story of the retort courteous which he is said to have made to J. J. Shubert when that impressario interrupted a rehearsal of "The Witching Hour", but, in this connection, perhaps the tale will bear repet.i.tion.
According to my informant, the author of "Arizona" was intent upon a serious scene when Mr. Shubert, who was financially interested in the production, stopped the players, and, turning to Mr. Thomas, remarked: "I think this would be a good place for some witty dialogue."
"Yes?" replied Mr. Thomas. "As for instance?"
He is a bold and a foolish man who throws himself upon the point of the playwright"s verbal poignard, for, among those who know him, Mr.
Thomas is as famous for his skill with speech as for his skill with the pen. He smiles as he thrusts, but the results are none the less sanguinary. "I thought Thomas was a man", Paul Armstrong is reported to have said of him, "until I saw him take a handkerchief from his sleeve. Men have hip pockets for their handkerchiefs."
"_I_ had," quoth Mr. Thomas, when he heard the remark, "until I began to have my clothes made by a _good_ tailor!"
This ready wit makes the dramatist one of the best, if not the best post prandial speaker in New York. Never a banquet at which he talks but the street rings the next day with quips of his making. "The trouble with amateur carvers", he said at the Friars" dinner to John Drew, "is that the gravy so rarely matches the wall paper." On another occasion he characterized a fatuous argument as being "like a chorus girl"s tights, which touch every point and cover nothing."
[Ill.u.s.tration: "_Augustus Thomas shouts instructions through a megaphone_"]
Mr. Thomas finds time for many activities outside of his profession.
Everyone knows of his energetic work for the cause of William Jennings Bryan. Throughout the three Bryan campaigns the dramatist made speeches, organized political meetings, and otherwise labored beneath the standard of the Commoner. Mr. Thomas" long suit is organizing.
Upon the death of Bronson Howard, he succeeded to the presidency of the American Dramatists" Club, which he has metamorphosed into the Society of American Dramatists and Composers. The parent body was deep in the slough of despond, seeming to have no other purpose than proving that genius really is an infinite capacity for taking food.
Mr. Thomas awakened the fraternal spirit, got committees to work on suggestions for plan and scope, benevolently a.s.similated a club of women playwrights, and created an a.s.sociation that is likely to be a power, instead of being merely a pow-wow, in the land.
The greater part of the year, Mr. Thomas lives at New Roch.e.l.le, but during the summer he goes frequently to his cottage, The Dingle, at East Hampton. He is a man fifty years old, and of particularly striking appearance. Tall, finely proportioned, smooth-shaven, with resolute face and hair just beginning to turn white, he would be observed in any gathering. As I have said, his manner is marked by complete self-possession, and a good deal of self-satisfaction. To this he certainly is ent.i.tled. A close friend of his believes that Mr.
Thomas dramatized himself when he created the part of the quiet, masterful gambler, Jack Brookfield, in "The Witching Hour."
Charles Klein is of very small stature--a fact that probably accounts for the anecdote related earlier in my article. None of his family has been a sky-sc.r.a.per. Manuel Klein, the composer, is not above five feet six, and Alfred Klein, another brother, who originated the role of the elephant tamer in "w.a.n.g", owed much of his success as a comedian to his brevity--that being, as you know, the soul of wit. Charles is the embodiment of dignity, and takes himself and his work most seriously.
I think I have never seen a photograph of him that did not show him in his library, either writing or reading some ponderous tome. He has a fine head, with a lofty brow that grows to be a little loftier every year.
No estimate of Mr. Klein could be called complete which did not take account of his grit and stick-to-it-iveness. Connected with the theater from his earliest youth--he was call boy in the company with a relative of mine--he produced his first play when he was hardly more than twenty. His misses were many, and his. .h.i.ts few and far between, but he kept on trying, until, with David Warfield"s first starring venture, "The Auctioneer", he struck the bullseye of public approval squarely in the middle. Today he probably is the wealthiest of our dramatists, and a couple of years ago it was estimated that his income could not be less that $3,000 a week. He owns a charming home, called Shirley Manor after the princ.i.p.al female character in "The Lion and the Mouse", at Rowayton, Conn. In the same town he operates a hat factory of which his son until recently was the manager.
In the adamantine quality of his "hard luck story", no one far surpa.s.ses Eugene Walter, whose income used to hover about that quoted as Mr. Klein"s. It is told that this young man was lodging upon a park bench when Wagenhals & Kemper produced his "Paid in Full", but, personally, I am inclined to regard this tale as more picturesque than accurate. In need of money he may have been, but the parental Walters, who live in Cleveland, were quite able to prevent his lacking real necessities, and "Gene himself has always been in the way of earning a living in the newspaper or the theatrical business. He served an apprenticeship as press agent of various attractions, and it was while both of us were acting in this capacity that we met at the Walnut Street Theater, in Philadelphia.
Mr. Walter"s initial effort, "Sergeant James", had just been produced, and had scored an unquestionable failure. He told me the story of the piece, and "it listened good", but I could not believe it possible that the man opposite me was capable of winning a place in a profession of letters. Eugene Walter is not impressive to the naked eye. I had him in mind chiefly when I spoke of the ease with which one might mistake a dramatist for a prosperous tailor. Mr. Walter looks more like a neat and gentlemanly mechanic. He cannot be above thirty years of age, and his height and weight--he is five feet five and tips the scales in the neighborhood of a hundred and forty--make him seem to be about twenty-four. My recollection of his dress is that he usually wears a flannel shirt. I may be wrong as to this detail, but, in any event, his style and general appearance are such as to create the impression.
[Ill.u.s.tration: "_Eugene Walter was lodging upon a park bench when Wagenhals & Kemper produced his "Paid in Full"_"]
His demeanor suggests neither culture nor education, though, as I have said, he comes of a good family and had excellent schooling. The value of erudition, even so far as it concerns the technique of the drama, in the writing of plays he denies absolutely. In fact, I believe that his horror of being thought what he calls "a high brow" leads Mr.
Walter to a.s.sume a contempt of art and letters, though he has it not.
He has an intuitive appreciation of the beautiful, and yet, at a recent exhibition of the paintings of a great Spaniard, his only comment was, "Don"t let"s waste any more time in here!" "Playwrights are _born_", he has gone on record as observing. "You can"t _learn_ anything about playwriting."
If genius is the quality of doing by instinct, without great thought or labor, obeying the commands of a _something_ outside of one"s self, Eugene Walter is certainly a genius. If it is, as some philosopher has said, "an infinite capacity for taking pains", he is nothing of the sort. He works by fits and starts, idling unconscionably for months at a time, and then completing a play in a fortnight. "The Easiest Way"