[7] Priv. Life of the Romans, p. 171. Lister"s Praef, p. iii, but Ter.
An, i. 1. Casaub. ad Jul. Capitolin. cap. 5.
[8] Casaub. ad Capitolin. l. c.
[9] Lister"s Praef. p. ii. vi. xii.
[10] Fabric. Bibl. Lat. tom. II. p. 794. Hence Dr. Bentley ad Hor. ii.
ferm. 8. 29. stiles it _Pseudapicius_. Vide Listerum, p. iv.
[11] Caesar de B. G. v. -- 10.
[12] Strabo, lib. iv. p. 200. Pegge"s Essay on Coins of Cun.o.b, p. 95.
[13] Archaeologia, iv. p. 61. G.o.dwin, de Praesul. p. 596, seq.
[14] Malmsb. p. 9. Galfr. Mon. vi. 12.
[15] Lister. ad Apic. p. xi. where see more to the same purpose.
[16] Spelm. Life of aelfred, p. 66. Drake, Eborac.u.m. Append, p. civ.
[17] Speed"s History.
[18] Mons. Mallet, cap. 12.
[19] Wilkins, Concil. I. p. 204. Drake, Ebor. p. 316. Append, p. civ.
cv.
[20] Menage, Orig. v. Gourmand.
[21] Lord Lyttelton, Hist. of H. II. vol. iii. p. 49.
[22] Harrison, Descript. of Britain, p. 165, 166.
[23] Stow, p. 102. 128.
[24] Lord Lyttelton observes, that the Normans were delicate in their food, but without excess. Life of Hen. II. vol. III. p. 47.
[25] Dugd. Bar. I. p. 109. Henry II. served to his son. Lord Lyttelton, IV. p. 298.
[26] G.o.dwin de Praesul. p. 695, renders _Carver_ by _Dapiser_, but this I cannot approve. See Thoroton. p. 23. 28. Dugd. Bar. I. p. 441.
620. 109. Lib. Nig. p. 342. Kennet, Par. Ant. p. 119. And, to name no more, Spelm. in voce. The _Carver_ was an officer inferior to the _Dapiser_, or _Steward_, and even under his control. Vide Lel.
Collect. VI. p. 2. And yet I find Sir Walter Manny when young was carver to Philippa queen of king Edward III. Barnes Hist. of E. III.
p. 111. The _Steward_ had the name of _Dapiser_, I apprehend, from serving up the first dish. V. supra.
[27] Sim. Dunelm. col. 227. Hoveden, p. 469. Malms. de Pont. p. 286.
[28] Lib. Nig. Scaccarii, p. 347.
[29] Fleta, II. cap. 75.
[30] Du Fresne, v. Magister.
[31] Du Fresne, ibid.
[32] Du Fresne, v. Coquus. The curious may compare this List with Lib.
Nig. p. 347.
[33] In Somner, Ant. Cant. Append. p. 36. they are under the _Magister Coquinae_, whose office it was to purvey; and there again the chief cooks are proveditors; different usages might prevail at different times and places. But what is remarkable, the _Coquinarius_, or Kitchener, which seems to answer to _Magister Coquinae_, is placed before the Cellarer in Tanner"s Not.i.tia, p. x.x.x.
but this may be accidental.
[34] Du Fresne, v. Coquus.
[35] Somner, Append. p. 36.
[36] Somner, Ant. Cant. Append. p. 36.
[37] Somner, p. 41.
[38] Somner, p. 36, 37, 39, saepius.
[39] Somner, l. c.
[40] M. Paris, p4. 69.
[41] Dugd. Bar. I. p. 45. Stow, p. 184. M. Paris, p. 377. 517. M.
Westm. p. 364.
[42] Lel. Collectan. VI. p. 7. seq.
[43] Ibid. p. 9. 13.
[44] Compare Leland, p. 3. with G.o.dwin de Praesul. p. 695. and so Junius in Etymol. v. Sewer.
[45] Leland, p. 8, 9. There are now _two yeomen of the mouth_ in the king"s household.
[46] That of George Neville, archbishop of York, 6 Edw. IV. and that of William Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, A.D. 1504. These were both of them inthronization feasts. Leland, Collectan. VI. p. 2 and 16 of Appendix. They were wont _minuere sanguinem_ after these superb entertainments, p. 32.
[47] Hor. II. Od. xiv. 28. where see Mons. Dacier.
[48] Sixty-two were employed by archbishop Neville. And the hire of cooks at archbishop Warham"s feast came to 23 l. 6 s. 8 d.
[49] Strype, Life of Cranmer, p. 451, or Lel. Coll. ut supra, p. 38.
Sumptuary laws in regard to eating were not unknown in ancient Rome.
Erasm. Colloq. p. 81. ed. Schrev. nor here formerly, see Lel. Coll.
VI. p. 36. for 5 Ed. II.
[50] I presume it may be the same Roll which Mr. Hearne mentions in his Lib. Nig. Scaccarii, I. p. 346. See also three different letters of his to the earl of Oxford, in the Brit. Mus. in the second of which he stiles the Roll _a piece of antiquity, and a very great rarity indeed_. Harl. MSS. No. 7523.
[51] See the Proem.
[52] This lord was grandson of Edward duke of Bucks, beheaded A. 1521, whose son Henry was restored in blood; and this Edward, the grandson, born about 1571, might be 14 or 15 years old when he presented the Roll to the Queen.
[53] Mr. Topham"s MS. has _socas_ among the fish; and see archbishop Nevil"s Feast, 6 E. IV. to be mentioned below.
[54] Of which see an account below.
[55] See Northumb. Book, p. 107, and Notes.
[56] As to carps, they were unknown in England t. R. II. Fulier, Worth. in Suss.e.x, p. 98. 113. Stow, Hist. 1038.
[57] The Italians still call the hop _cattiva erba_. There was a pet.i.tion against them t. H. VI. Fuller, Worth. p. 317, &c. Evelyn, Sylva, p. 201. 469. ed. Hunter.
[58] Lister, Praef. ad Apicium, p. xi.
[59] So we have _lozengs of golde_. Lel. Collect. IV. p. 227. and a wild boar"s head _gylt_, p. 294. A peac.o.c.k with _gylt neb_. VI. p. 6.
_Leche Lambart gylt_, ibid.
[60] No. 68. 20. 58. See my friend Dr. Percy on the Northumberland- Book, p. 415. and MS Ed. 34.
[61] No. 47. 51. 84.
[62] No. 93. 132. MS Ed. 37.
[63] Perhaps Turmerick. See ad loc.
[64] Ter. Andr. I. 1. where Donatus and Mad. Dacier explain it of Cooking. Mr. Hearne, in describing our Roll, see above, p. xi, by an unaccountable mistake, read _Fary_ instead of _Cury_, the plain reading of the MS.
[65] Junii Etym. v. Diet.
[66] Reginaldus Phisicus. M. Paris, p. 410. 412. 573. 764. Et in Vit.
p. 94. 103. Chaucer"s _Medicus_ is a doctor of phisick, p.4. V. Junii Etym. voce Physician. For later times, v. J. Rossus, p. 93.
[67] That of Donatus is modest "Culina medicinae famulacrix est."
[68] Lel. Collect. IV. p. 183. "Diod. Siculus refert primos aegypti Reges victum quotidianum omnino sumpsisse ex medicorum praescripto."
Lister ad Apic. p. ix.
[69] See also Lylie"s Euphues, p. 282. Cavendish, Life of Wolsey, p. 151, where we have _callis_, male; Cole"s and Lyttleton"s Dict. and Junii Etymolog. v. Collice.
[70] See however, No. 191, and Editor"s MS II. 7.
[71] Vide the proeme.
[72] See above.
[73] Univ. Hist. XV. p. 352. "aesopus pater linguas avium humana vocales lingua caenavit; filius margaritas." Lister ad Apicium, p. vii.
[74] Jul. Capitolinus, c. 5.
[75] Athenaeus, lib. xii. c. 7. Something of the same kind is related of Heliogabalus, Lister Praef. ad Apic. p. vii.
[76] To omit the paps of a pregnant sow, Hor. I. Ep. xv. 40. where see Mons. Dacier; Dr. Fuller relates, that the tongue of carps were accounted by the ancient Roman palate-men most delicious meat. Worth.
in Suss.e.x. See other instances of extravagant Roman luxury in Lister"s Praef. to Apicius, p. vii.
[77] See, however, No. 33, 34, 35, 146.
[Addenda: add "reflect on the Spanish _Olio_ or _Olla podrida_, and the French frica.s.see."]
[78] The king, in Shakespeare, Hen. VIII. act iv. sc. 2. and 3. calls the gifts of the sponsors, _spoons_. These were usually gilt, and, the figures of the apostles being in general carved on them, were called _apostle spoons_. See Mr. Steevens"s note in Ed. 1778, vol.
VII. p. 312, also Gent. Mag. 1768, p. 426.
[79] Lel. Collect. IV. p. 328. VI. p. 2.
[80] See Dr. Percy"s curious notes on the Northumb. Book, p. 417.
[81] Ibid. VI. p. 5. 18.
[82] They were not very common at table among the Greeks. Casaub. ad Athenaeum, col. 278. but see Lel. Coll. VI. p. 7.
[83] Leland, Collectan. VI. p. 2. Archbishop Warham also had his carver, ibid. p. 18. See also, IV. p. 236. 240. He was a great officer. Northumb. Book, p. 445.
[84] Ames, Typ. Ant. p. 90. The terms may also be seen in Rand. Holme III. p. 78.
[85] Dr. Percy, 1. c.