344 the promise of actually boosting intelligence
Jamais Cascio, "Get Smarter," Atlantic, July/August 2009; Ross Anderson, "Why Cognitive Enhancement Is in Your Future (and Your Past)," Atlantic, February 6, 2012.
345 as little stigma as cosmetic surgery does today
V. Cakic, "Smart Drugs for Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Pragmatic Considerations in the Era of Cosmetic Neurology," Journal of Medical Ethics 35 (2009): 61115; Anderson, "Why Cognitive Enhancement Is in Your Future (and Your Past)."
346 used for object recognition in order to improve the training of snipers
Sally Adee, "Zap Your Brain into the Zone: Fast Track to Pure Focus," New Scientist, February 6, 2012.
347 first double amputee track athlete ever to compete
Jere Longman, "After Long Road, Nothing Left to Do but Win," New York Times, August 5, 2012.
348 relay, in which the South African team reached the finals
David Trifunov, "Oscar Pistorius Eliminated in 400m Semifinal at London 2012 Olympics," Global Post, August 5, 2012.
349 "it is unfair to the able-bodied compet.i.tors"
Longman, "After Long Road, Nothing Left to Do but Win."
350 according to Pistorius
"Oscar Pistorius Apologizes for Timing of Paralympics Criticism," BBC Sport, September 3, 2012.
351 (EPO)-which regulates the production of red blood cells
"Genetically Modified Olympians?," Economist, July 31, 2008.
352 delivering more oxygen to the muscles for a longer period of time
Lana Bandoim, "Erythropoietin Abuse Among Athletes Can Lead to Vascular Problems," Yahoo, December 25, 2011, He has admitted use of EPO, along with other illegal enhancements
"Landis Admits EPO Use," ESPN, May 20, 2010, Armstrong was stripped of his championships and banned from cycling
Juliet Macur, "Lance Armstrong Is Stripped of His 7 Tour de France t.i.tles," New York Times, October 22, 2012
355 use of EPO, steroids, and blood transfusions
"Lance Armstrong Won"t Fight Charges," ESPN, August 24, 2012.
356 detecting new enhancements that violate the rules
Matthew Knight, "Hi-Tech Tests to Catch Olympics Drug Cheats at London 2012," CNN, July 31, 2012, Andy Bull, "Ye Shiwen"s World Record Olympic Swim "Disturbing," Says Top US Coach," Guardian, July 30, 2012.
357 produce more red blood cells
"Fairly Safe," Economist, July 31, 2008.
358 ruling without genetic testing of the athlete"s relatives
"Genetically Modified Olympians?," Economist.
359 called myostatin that regulates the building of muscles
Aaron Saenz, "Super Strength Substance (Myostatin) Closer to Human Trials," Singularity Hub, December 8, 2009.
360 "sperm-making biological machine"