(91) This name is derived from the German "_landsknecht_" ("valet of the fief"), applied to a mercenary soldier.
When the dealer"s card turns up, he may take the stake and pa.s.s the bank; or he may allow the stake to remain, whereat of course it becomes doubled if met. He can continue thus as long as the cards turn up in his favour--having the option at any moment of giving up the bank and retiring for that time. If he does that, the player to whom he pa.s.ses the bank has the option of continuing it at the same amount at which it was left. The pool may be made up by contributions of all the players in certain proportions. The terms used respecting the standing of the stake are, "I"ll see" (_a moi le tout)_ and _Je tiens_. When _jumelle_ (twins), or the turning up of similar cards on both sides, occurs, then the dealer takes half the stake.
Sometimes there is a run of several consecutive winnings; but on one occasion, on board one of the Cunard steamers, a banker at the game turned up in his own favour I think no less than eighteen times. The original stake was only six-pence; but had each stake been met as won, the final doubling would have amounted to the immense sum of L3,236 16_s_.! This will appear by the following scheme:--
L s. d. L s. d. 1st turn up 0 0 6 10th turn up 12 16 0 2nd,, 0 1 0 11th,, 25 12 0 3rd,, 0 2 0 12th,, 51 4 0 4th,, 0 4 0 13th,, 102 8 0 5th,, 0 8 0 14th,, 204 16 0 6th,, 0 16 0 15th,, 409 12 0 7th,, 1 12 0 16th,, 819 4 0 8th,, 3 4 0 17th,, 1,618 8 0 9th,, 6 8 0 18th,, 3,236 16 0
In fair play, as this is represented to have been, such a long sequence of matches must be considered very remarkable, although six or seven is not unfrequent.
Unfortunately, however, there is a very easy means by which card sharpers manage the thing to perfection. They prepare beforehand a series of a dozen cards arranged as follows:--
1st Queen 6th Nine 2nd Queen 7th Nine 3rd Ten 8th Ace 4th Seven 9th Eight 5th Ten 10th Ace
Series thus arranged are placed in side pockets outside the waistcoat, just under the left breast. When the sharper becomes banker he leans negligently over the table, and in this position his fingers are as close as possible to the prepared cards, termed _portees_. At the proper moment he seizes the cards and places them on the pack. The trick is rendered very easy by the fact that the card-sharper has his coat b.u.t.toned at the top, so that the lower part of it lies open and permits the introduction of the hand, which is completely masked.
Some sharpers are skilful enough to take up some of the matches already dealt, which they place in their _costieres_, or side-pockets above described, in readiness for their next operation; others keep them skilfully hidden in their hand, to lay them, at the convenient moment, upon the pack of cards. By this means, the pack is not augmented.(92)
(92) Robert Houdin, "Les Tricheries des Grecs devoilees."
In France the stakes commence at 5 francs; and it may be easily imagined how soon vast sums of money may change hands if the players are determined and reckless.
EUCHRE.
This is also a game much played in the States. I suppose it is a Yankee invention, named by one of their learned professors, from the Greek (gr euceis) (eucheir), meaning "well in the hand" or "strong"--a very appropriate designation of the game, which is as follows:--
In this game all the cards are excluded up to the sixes,--seven being the lowest in the Euchre pack. Five cards are dealt out, after the usual shuffling and cutting, with a turn-up, or trump. The dealer has the privilege of discarding one of his cards and taking up the trump--not showing, however, the one he discards. The Knave is the best card in the game--a peculiar Yankee "notion." The Knave of trumps is called the Right Bower, and the other Knave of the _same colour_ is the Left Bower.
Hence it appears that the nautical propensity of this great people is therein represented--"bower" being in fact a sheet anchor. If both are held, it is evident that the _point_ of the deal is decided--since it results from taking three tricks out of the five; for, of course, the trump card appropriated by the dealer will, most probably, secure a trick, and the two Knaves must necessarily make two. The game may be five or seven points, as agreed upon. Euchre is rapid and decisive, and, therefore, eminently American.
FLY LOO.
Some of the games played by the Americans are peculiar to themselves.
For instance, vast sums of money change hands over Fly Loo, or the attraction existing between lumps of sugar and adventurous flies! This game is not without its excitement. The gamblers sit round a table, each with a lump of sugar before him, and the player upon whose lump a fly first perches carries off the pool--which is sometimes enormous.
They tell an anecdote of a "cute Yankee, who won invariably and immensely at the game. There seemed to be a sort of magical or mesmeric attraction for the flies to his lump. At length it was ascertained that he touched the lump with his finger, after having smeared it with something that naturally and irresistibly attracts flies whenever they can get at it. I am told that this game is also played in England; if so, the parties must insist upon fresh lumps of sugar, and prevent all touching.
The reader will probably ask--what next will gamblers think of betting on? But I can tell of a still more curious source of gambling infatuation. In the _Oxford Magazine_,(93) is the following statement:--
(93) Vol. V.
"A few days ago, as some sprigs of n.o.bility were dining together at a tavern, they took the following conceit into their heads after dinner.
One of them observing a maggot come from a filbert, which seemed to be uncommonly large, attempted to get it from his companion, who, not choosing to let it go, was immediately offered five guineas for it, which was accepted. He then proposed to run it against any other two maggots that could be produced at table. Matches were accordingly made, and these poor reptiles were the means of L500 being won and lost in a few minutes!"
THE CRIMES OF AMERICAN GAMBLERS.
Suicides, duels, and murders have frequently resulted from gambling here as elsewhere. Many of the duels in dark rooms originate in disputes at the gaming table. The combatants rush from play to an upper or adjoining room, and settle their difference with revolver-shots, often fatal to both.
One of these was a serio-comic affair which is perhaps worth relating.
Two players had a gambling dispute, and resolved to settle it in a dark room with pistols. The door was locked and one of them fired, but missed. On this the other exclaimed--"Now, you rascal, I"ll finish you at my leisure." He then began to search for his opponent. Three or four times he walked stealthily round the room--but all in vain--he could not find his man; he listened; he could not hear him breathe. What had become of him? "Oh!" at length he exclaimed--"Now I"ve got you, you ---- sneak--here goes!" "Hold! Hold!" cried a voice from the chimney, "Don"t fire! I"ll pay you anything.--Do take away that ---- pistol." In effect his adversary held the muzzle of his pistol close to the seat of honour as the fellow stood stuffed up the chimney!
"You"ll pay, will you?" said the former; "Very well--800 dollars--is "t a bargain?"
"Yes, yes!" gasped the voice in the chimney.
"Very well," rejoined the tormentor, "but just wait a bit; I must have a voucher. I"ll just cut off the bottom of your breeches by way of voucher." So saying he pulled out his knife and suited the action to the words.
"Now get down," he said, "and out with the money;" which was paid, when the above-named voucher was returned to the chimney-groper.
The town of Vicksburg, on the Mississippi, was formerly notorious as the rendezvous of all sorts of desperadoes. It was a city of men; you saw no women, except at night; and never any children. Vicksburg was a sink of iniquity; and there gambling raged with unrestricted fury. It was always after touching at Vicksburg that the Mississippi boats became the well-known scene of gambling--some of the Vicksburghers invariably getting on board to ply their profession.
On one occasion, one of these came on board, and soon induced some of the pa.s.sengers to proceed to the upper promenade-deck for gambling. Soon the stakes increased and a heap of gold was on the table, when a dispute arose, in the midst of which one of the players placed his hand on the stake. Thereupon the Vicksburg gambler drew his knife and plunged it into the hand of the former, with a terrible imprecation.
Throughout the Southern States, as before observed, gambling prevailed to a very great extent, and its results were often deplorable.
A planter went to a gambling house, accompanied by one of his negroes, whom he left at the door to wait his return. Whilst the master was gambling the slave did the same with another whom he found at the door.
Meanwhile a Mexican came up and stood by looking at the game of the negroes. By-and-by one of them accused the other of cheating, which was denied, when the Mexican interposed and told the negro that he saw him cheat. The latter told the Mexican that he lied--whereupon the Mexican stabbed him to the heart, killing him on the spot.
Soon the negro"s master came out, and on being informed of the affair, turned to the Mexican, saying--"Now, sir, we must settle the matter between us--my negro"s quarrel is mine." "Agreed," said the Mexican; they entered the house, proceeded to a dark room, fired at each other, and both were killed.
About six and twenty years ago there lived in New York a well-to-do merchant, of the name of Osborne, who had an only son, who was a partner in the concern. The young man fell in love with the daughter of a Southern planter, then on a visit at New York, to whom he engaged himself to be married, with the perfect consent of all parties concerned.
On the return of the planter and his daughter, young Osborne accompanied them to Mobile. On the very night of their arrival, the planter proposed to his intended son-in-law to visit the gaming table. They went; Osborne was unlucky; and after some hours" play lost an immense amount to the father of his sweetheart. He gave bills, drawn on his house, in payment of the debt of honour.
On the following morning the planter referred to the subject, hinting that Osborne must be ruined.
"Indeed, I am!" said the young man; "but the possession of your daughter will console me for the calamity, which, I doubt not, I shall be able to make up for by industry and exertion."
"The possession of _MY_ daughter?" exclaimed the planter; "do you think I would marry my daughter to a beggar? No, no, sir, the affair is ended between you--and I insist upon its being utterly broken off." Such was the action of the heartless gambler, rendered callous to all sentiments of real honour by his debasing pursuit.
Young Osborne was equal to the occasion. Summoning all his powers to manfully bear this additional shock of fate, he calmly replied:--
"So be it, sir, as you wish it. Depend upon it, however, that my bills will be duly honoured"--and so saying he bowed and departed, without even wishing to take leave of his betrothed.
On returning to New York Osborne immediately disclosed the transaction to his father, who, in spite of the utter ruin which impended, and the brutality of the cause of the ruin, resolved to meet the bills when due, and maintain the honour of his son--whatever might be the consequences to himself.
The bills were paid; the concern was broken up; old Mr Osborne soon died broken-hearted; and young Osborne went as clerk to some house of business in Wall Street.