(113) Quinctil., _Inst.i.t. Orat_. lib. XI. cap. ii.
"It is rare," says Rousseau, "that thinkers take much delight in play, which suspends the habit of thinking or diverts it upon sterile combinations; and so one of the benefits--perhaps the only benefit conferred by the taste for the sciences, is that it somewhat deadens that sordid pa.s.sion of play."
Unfortunately such was not the result among the literary and scientific men, in France or England, during the last quarter of the last century.
Many of them bitterly lamented that they ever played, and yet played on,--going through all the grades and degradations appointed for his votaries by the inexorable demon of gambling.
BEAU NASH.
Nature had by no means formed Nash for _beau_. His person was clumsy, large, and awkward; his features were harsh, strong, and peculiarly irregular; yet even with these disadvantages he made love, became an universal admirer of the s.e.x, and was in his turn universally admired.
The fact is, he was possessed of, at least, some requisites of a "lover." He had a.s.siduity, flattery, fine clothes--and as much wit as the ladies he addressed. Accordingly he used to say--"Wit, flattery, and fine clothes are enough to debauch a nunnery!" This is certainly a fouler calumny of women than Pope"s
"Every woman is at heart a rake."
Beau Nash was a barrister, and had been a remarkable, a distinguished one in his day--although not at the bar. He had the honour to organize and direct the last grand "revel and pageant" before a king, in the Hall of the Middle Temple, of which he was a member.
It had long been customary for the Inns of Court to entertain our monarchs upon their accession to the crown with a revel and pageant, and the last was exhibited in honour of King William, when Nash was chosen to conduct the whole with proper decorum. He was then a very young man, but succeeded so well in giving satisfaction, that the king offered to give him the honour of knighthood, which, however, Nash declined, saying:--"Please your Majesty, if you intend to make me a knight, I wish it may be one of your poor knights of Windsor; and then I shall have a fortune at least able to support my t.i.tle."
In the Middle Temple he managed to rise "to the very summit of second-rate luxury," and seems to have succeeded in becoming a fashionable _recherche_, being always one of those who were called good company--a professed dandy among the elegants.
No wonder, then, that we subsequently find him Master of the Ceremonies at Bath, then the theatre of summer amus.e.m.e.nts for all people of fashion. It was here that he took to gambling, and was at first cla.s.sed among the needy adventurers who went to that place; there was, however, the great difference between him and them, that his heart was not corrupt; and though by profession a gamester, he was generous, humane, and honourable.
When he gave in his accounts to the Masters of the Temple, among other items he charged was one--"For making one man happy, L10." Being questioned about the meaning of so strange an item, he frankly declared that, happening to overhear a poor man declare to his wife and large family of children that L10 would make him happy, he could not avoid trying the experiment. He added, that, if they did not choose to acquiesce in his charge, he was ready to refund the money. The Masters, struck with such an uncommon instance of good nature, publicly thanked him for his benevolence, and desired that the sum might be doubled as a proof of their satisfaction.
"His laws were so strictly enforced that he was styled "King of Bath:"
no rank would protect the offender, nor dignity of station condone a breach of the laws. Nash desired the d.u.c.h.ess of Queensberry, who appeared at a dress ball in an ap.r.o.n of point-lace, said to be worth 500 guineas, to take it off, which she did, at the same time desiring his acceptance of it; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have one dance more after 11 o"clock, Nash replied that the laws of Bath, like those of Lycurgus, were unalterable. Gaming ran high at Bath, and frequently led to disputes and resort to the sword, then generally worn by well-dressed men. Swords were, therefore, prohibited by Nash in the public rooms; still they were worn in the streets, when Nash, in consequence of a duel fought by torchlight, by two notorious gamesters, made the law absolute, "That no swords should, on any account, be worn in Bath.""(114)
(114) The Book of Days, Feb. 3.
About the year 1739 the gamblers, in order to evade the laws against gaming, set up E O tables; and as these proved very profitable to the proprietors at Tunbridge, Nash determined to introduce them at Bath, having been a.s.sured by the lawyers that no law existed against them.
He therefore set up an E O table, and the speculation flourished for a short time; but the legislature interfered in 1745, and inflicted severe penalties on the keepers of such tables. This was the ruin of Nash"s gambling speculation; and for the remaining sixteen years of his life he depended solely on the precarious products of the gaming table. He died at Bath, in 1761, in greatly reduced circ.u.mstances, being represented as "poor, old, and peevish, yet still incapable of turning from his former manner of life."
"He was buried in the Abbey Church with great ceremony: a solemn hymn was sung by the charity-school children, three clergymen preceded the coffin, the pall was supported by aldermen, and the Masters of the a.s.sembly-Rooms followed as chief mourners; while the streets were filled and the housetops covered with spectators, anxious to witness the respect paid to the venerable founder of the prosperity of the city of Bath."(115)
(115) The Book of Days, Feb. 3.
The following are the chief anecdotes told of Beau Nash.
A giddy youth, who had resigned his fellowship at Oxford, brought his fortune to Bath, and, without the smallest skill, won a considerable sum; and following it up, in the next October added four thousand pounds to his former capital. Nash one night invited him to supper, and offered to give him fifty guineas to forfeit twenty every time he lost two hundred at one sitting. The young man refused, and was at last undone.
The Duke of B---- loved play to distraction. One night, chagrined at a heavy loss, he pressed Nash to tie him up from deep play in future.
The beau accordingly gave his Grace one hundred guineas on condition to receive ten thousand whenever he lost that amount at one sitting. The duke soon lost eight thousand at Hazard, and was going to throw for three thousand more, when Nash caught the dice-box, and entreated the peer to reflect on the penalty if he lost. The duke desisted for that time; but ere long, losing considerably at Newmarket, he willingly paid the penalty.
When the Earl of T---- was a youth he was pa.s.sionately fond of play.
Nash undertook to cure him. Conscious of his superior skill, he engaged the earl in single play. His lordship lost his estate, equipage, everything! Our generous gamester returned all, only stipulating for the payment of L5000 whenever he might think proper to demand it. Some time after his lordship"s death, Nash"s affairs being on the wane, he demanded it of his heirs, _WHO PAID IT WITHOUT HESITATION_.
Nash one day complained of his ill luck to the Earl of Chesterfield, adding that he had lost L500 the last night. The earl replied, "I don"t wonder at your _LOSING_ money, Nash, but all the world is surprised where you get it to lose."
"The Corporation of Bath so highly respected Nash, that the Chamber voted a marble statue of him, which was erected in the Pump-room, between the busts of Newton and Pope; this gave rise to a stinging epigram by Lord Chesterfield, concluding with these lines:
"The _STATUE_ placed these busts between Gives satire all its strength; _WISDOM_ and _WIT_ are little seen, But _FOLLY_ at full length.""(116)
(116) The Book of Days, Feb. 3.
THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD.
Walpole tells us that the celebrated Earl of Chesterfield _LIVED_ at White"s Club, gaming, and uttering witticisms among the boys of quality; "yet he says to his son, that a member of a gaming club should be a cheat, or he will soon be a beggar;" an inconsistency which reminds one of old Fuller"s saw--"A father that whipt his son for swearing, and swore himself whilst he whipt him, did more harm by his example than good by his correction."
GEORGE SELWYN.
The character of Selwyn," says Mr Jesse, "was in many respects a remarkable one. With brilliant wit, a quick perception of the ridiculous, and a thorough knowledge of the world and human nature, he united cla.s.sical knowledge and a taste for the fine arts. To these qualities may be added others of a very contradictory nature. With a thorough enjoyment of the pleasures of society, an imperturbable good-humour, a kind heart, and a pa.s.sionate fondness for children, he united a morbid interest in the details of human suffering, and, more especially, a taste for witnessing criminal executions. Not only was he a constant frequenter of such scenes of horror, but all the details of crime, the private history of the criminal, his demeanour at his trial, in the dungeon, and on the scaffold, and the state of his feelings in the hour of death and degradation, were to Selwyn matters of the deepest and most extraordinary interest. Even the most frightful particulars relating to suicide and murder, the investigation of the disfigured corpse, the sight of an acquaintance lying in his shroud, seem to have afforded him a painful and unaccountable pleasure. When the first Lord Holland was on his death-bed he was told that Selwyn, who had lived on terms of the closest intimacy with him, had called to inquire after his health. "The next time Mr Selwyn calls," he said, "show him up; if I am alive I shall be delighted to see him, and if I am dead he will be glad to see me." When some ladies bantered him on his want of feeling in attending to see the terrible Lord Lovat"s head cut off--"Why," he said, "I made amends by going to the undertaker"s to see it sewed on again."
And yet this was the same individual who delighted in the first words and in the sunny looks of childhood; whose friendship seems to have partaken of all the softness of female affection; and whose heart was never hardened against the wretched and depressed. Such was the "original" George Selwyn."
This celebrated conversational wit was a devoted frequenter of the gaming table. Writing to Selwyn, in 1765, Lord Holland said:--"All that I can collect from what you say on the subject of money is, that fortune has been a little favourable lately; or may be, the last night only.
Till you leave off play entirely you must be--in earnest, and without irony--_en verite le serviteur tres-humble des evenements_, "in truth, the very humble servant of events.""
His friend the Lord Carlisle, although himself a great gambler, also gave him good advice. "I hope you have left off Hazard," he wrote to Selwyn; "if you are still so foolish, and will play, the best thing I can wish you is, that you may win and never throw crabs.(117) You do not put it in the power of chance to make you them, as we all know; and till the ninth miss is born I shall not be convinced to the contrary."
(117) That is, aces, or ace and deuce, twelve, or seven. With false dice, as will appear in the sequel, it was impossible to throw any of these numbers, and as the caster always called the main, he was sure to win, as he could call an impossible number: those who were in the secret of course always took the odds.
Again:--"As you have played I am happy to hear you have won; but by this time there may be a _triste revers de succes_."
Selwyn had taken to gaming before his father"s death--probably from his first introduction to the clubs. His stakes were high, though not extravagantly so, compared with the sums hazarded by his contemporaries.
In 1765 he lost L1000 to Mr Shafto, who applied for it in the language of an "embarra.s.sed tradesman."
"July 1, 1765.
"DEAR SIR,--I have this moment received the favour of your letter. I intended to have gone out of town on Thursday, but as you shall not receive your money before the end of this week, I must postpone my journey till Sunday. A month would have made no difference to me, had I not had others to pay before I leave town, and must pay; therefore must beg that you will leave the whole before this week is out, at White"s, as it is to be paid away to others to whom I have lost, and do not choose to leave town till that is done. Be sure you could not wish an indulgence I should not be happy to grant, if it my power."
Nor was this the only dun of the kind that Selwyn had "to put up with"
on account of the gaming table. He received the following from Edward, Earl of Derby.(118)