Then they buried him in Flanders just to make the new crops grow.
He"ll make the best manure, they say, and sure they ought to know.
And they put a little cross up which bore his name so grand, On the day he took his farewell for a better Promised Land."
One learns to laugh--one has to--just as he has to learn to believe in immortality. The Front affords plenty of occasions for humour if a man has only learnt to laugh at himself. I had been sent forward to report at a battalion headquarters as liaison officer for an attack. The headquarters were in a captured dug-out somewhere under a ruined house. Just as I got there and was searching among the fallen walls for an entrance, the Hun barrage came down. It was like the Yellowstone Park when all the geysers are angry at the same time. Roofs, beams, chips of stone commenced to fly in every direction. In the middle of the hubbub a small dump of bombs was struck by a sh.e.l.l and started to explode behind me. The blast of the explosion caught me up and hurled me down fifteen stairs of the dug-out I had been trying to discover. I landed on all fours in a place full of darkness; a door banged behind me. I don"t know how long I lay there. Something was squirming under me. A voice said plaintively, "I don"t know who you are, but I wish you"d get off. I"m the adjutant."
It"s a queer country, that place we call "out there." You approach our front-line, as it is to-day, across anywhere from five to twenty miles of battlefields. Nothing in the way of habitation is left. Everything has been beaten into pulp by hurricanes of sh.e.l.l-fire. First you come to a metropolis of horse-lines, which makes you think that a mammoth circus has arrived. Then you come to plank roads and little light railways, running out like veins across the mud. Far away there"s a ridge and a row of charred trees, which stand out gloomily etched against the sky. The sky is grey and damp and sickly; fleecy b.a.l.l.s of smoke burst against it--shrapnel. You wonder whether they"ve caught anybody. Overhead you hear the purr of engines--a flight of aeroplanes breasting the clouds. Behind you observation balloons hang stationary, like gigantic tethered sausages.
If you"re riding, you dismount before you reach the ridge and send your horse back; the Hun country is in sight on the other side. You creep up cautiously, taking careful note of where the sh.e.l.ls are falling. There"s nothing to be gained by walking into a barrage; you make up your mind to wait. The rate of fire has slackened; you make a dash for it. From the ridge there"s a pathway which runs down through the blackened wood; two men going alone are not likely to be spotted. Not likely, but--. There"s an old cement Hun gun-pit to the right; you take cover in it. "Pretty wide awake," you say to your companion, "to have picked us out as quickly as that."
From this sheltered hiding you have time to gaze about you. The roof of the gun-pit is smashed in at one corner. Our heavies did that when the Hun held the ridge. It was good shooting. A perfect warren of tunnels and dug-outs leads off in every direction. They were built by the forced labour of captive French civilians. We have found requests from them scrawled in pencil on the boards: "I, Jean Ribeau, was alive and well on May 12th, 1915. If this meets the eye of a friend, I beg that he will inform my wife," etc.; after which follows the wife"s address. These underground fortifications proved as much a snare as a protection to our enemies. I smile to remember how after our infantry had advanced three miles, they captured a Hun major busily shaving himself in his dug-out, quite unaware that anything unusual was happening. He was very angry because he had been calling in vain for his man to bring his hot water. When he heard the footsteps of our infantry on the stairs, he thought it was his servant and started strafing. He got the surprise of his venerable life when he saw the khaki.
From the gun-pit the hill slants steeply to the plain. It was once finely wooded. Now the trees lie thick as corpses where an attack has failed, scythed down by bursting sh.e.l.ls. From the foot of the hill the plain spreads out, a sea of furrowed slime and craters. It"s difficult to pick out trenches. Nothing is moving. It"s hard to believe that anything can live down there. Suddenly, as though a gigantic egg-beater were at work, the mud is thrashed and tormented. Smoke drifts across the area that is being strafed; through the smoke the stakes and wire hurtle. If you hadn"t been in flurries of that sort yourself, you"d think that no one could exist through it. It"s ended now; once again the country lies dead and breathless in a kind of horrible suspense. Suspense! Yes, that"s the word.
Beyond the mud, in the far cool distance is a green untroubled country. The Huns live there. That"s the worst of doing all the attacking; we live on the recent battlefields we have won, whereas the enemy retreats into untouched cleanness. One can see church steeples peeping above woods, chateaus gleaming, and stretches of shining river. It looks innocent and kindly, but from the depth of its greenness invisible eyes peer out. Do you make one unwary movement, and over comes a flock of sh.e.l.ls.
At night from out this swamp of vileness a phantom city floats up; it is composed of the white Very lights and multi-coloured flares which the Hun employs to protect his front-line from our patrols. For brief spells No Man"s Land becomes brilliant as day. Many of his flares are prearranged signals, meaning that his artillery is shooting short or calling for an S.O.S. The combination of lights which mean these things are changed with great frequency, lest we should guess. The on-looker, with a long night of observing before him, becomes imaginative and weaves out for the dancing lights a kind of Sh.e.l.l-Hole Nights" Entertainment. The phantom city over there is London, New York, Paris, according to his fancy. He"s going out to dinner with his girl. All those flares are arc-lamps along boulevards; that last white rocket that went flaming across the sky, was the faery taxi which is to speed him on his happy errand. It isn"t so, one has only to remember.
We were in the Somme for several months. The mud was up to our knees almost all the time. We were perishingly cold and very rarely dry.
There was no natural cover. When we went up forward to observe, we would stand in water to our knees for twenty-four hours rather than go into the dug-outs; they were so full of vermin and battened flies. Wounded and strayed men often drowned on their journey back from the front-line. Many of the dead never got buried; lives couldn"t be risked in carrying them out. We were so weary that the sight of those who rested for ever, only stirred in us a quiet envy. Our emotions were too exhausted for hatred--they usually are, unless some new Hunnishness has roused them. When we"re having a bad time, we glance across No Man"s Land and say, "Poor old Fritzie, he"s getting the worst of it." That thought helps.
An attack is a relaxation from the interminable monotony. It means that we shall exchange the old mud, in which we have been living, for new mud which may be better. Months of work and preparation have led up to it; then one morning at dawn, in an intense silence we wait with our eyes glued on our watches for the exact second which is zero hour. All of a sudden our guns open up, joyously as a peal of bells. It"s like Judgment Day. A wild excitement quickens the heart. Every privation was worth this moment. You wonder where you"ll be by night-fall--over there, in the Hun support trenches, or in a green world which you used to sing about on Sundays. You don"t much care, so long as you"ve completed your job. "We"re well away," you laugh to the chap next you. The show has commenced.
When you have given people every reason you can think of which explains the spirit of our men, they still shake their heads in a bewildered manner, murmuring, "I don"t know how you stand it." I"m going to make one last attempt at explanation.
We stick it out by believing that we"re in the right--to believe you"re in the right makes a lot of difference. You glance across No Man"s Land and say, "Those blighters are wrong; I"m right." If you believe that with all the strength of your soul and mind, you can stand anything. To allow yourself to be beaten would be to own that you weren"t.
To still hold that you"re right in the face of armed a.s.sertions from the Hun that you"re wrong, requires pride in your regiment, your division, your corps and, most of all, in your own integrity. No one who has not worn a uniform can understand what pride in a regiment can do for a man. For instance, in France every man wears his divisional patch, which marks him. He"s jolly proud of his division and wouldn"t consciously do anything to let it down. If he hears anything said to its credit, he treasures the saying up; it"s as if he himself had been mentioned in despatches. It was rumoured this year that the night before an attack, a certain Imperial General called his battalion commanders together. When they were a.s.sembled, he said, "Gentlemen, I have called you together to tell you that tomorrow morning you will be confronted by one of the most difficult tasks that has ever been allotted to you; you will have to measure up to the traditions of the division on our left--the First Canadian Division, which is in my opinion the finest fighting division in France." I don"t know whether the story is true or not. If the Imperial General didn"t say it, he ought to have. But because I belong to the First Canadian Division, I believe the report true and set store by it. Every new man who joins our division hears that story. He feels that he, too, has got to be worthy of it. When he"s tempted to get the "wind-up," he glances down at the patch on his arm. It means as much to him as a V. C.; so he steadies his nerves, squares his jaws and plays the man.
There"s believing you"re right. There"s your sense of pride, and then there"s something else, without which neither of the other two would help you. It seems a mad thing to say with reference to fighting men, but that other thing which enables you to meet sacrifice gladly is love. There"s a song we sing in England, a great favourite which, when it has recounted all the things we need to make us good and happy, tops the list with these final requisites, "A little patience and a lot of love." We need the patience--that goes without saying; but it"s the love that helps us to die gladly--love for our cause, our pals, our family, our country. Under the disguise of duty one has to do an awful lot of loving at the Front. One of the finest examples of the thing I"m driving at, happened comparatively recently.
In a recent attack the Hun set to work to knock out our artillery. He commenced with a heavy sh.e.l.ling of our batteries--this lasted for some hours. He followed it up by clapping down on them a gas-barrage. The gunners" only chance of protecting themselves from the deadly fumes was to wear their gas-helmets. All of a sudden, just as the ga.s.sing of our batteries was at its worst, all along our front-line S.O.S. rockets commenced to go up. Our infantry, if they weren"t actually being attacked, were expecting a heavy Hun counter-attack, and were calling on us by the quickest means possible to help them.
Of a gun-detachment there are two men who cannot do their work accurately in gas-helmets--one of these is the layer and the other is the fuse-setter. If the infantry were to be saved, two men out of the detachment of each protecting gun must sacrifice themselves.
Instantly, without waiting for orders, the fuse-setters and layers flung aside their helmets. Our guns opened up. The unmasked men lasted about twenty minutes; when they had been dragged out of the gun-pits choking or in convulsions, two more took their places without a second"s hesitation. This went on for upwards of two hours. The reason given by the gunners for their splendid, calculated devotion to duty was that they weren"t going to let their pals in the trenches down. You may call their heroism devotion to duty or anything you like; the motive that inspired it was love.
When men, having done their "bit" get safely home from the Front and have the chance to live among the old affections and enjoyments, the memory of the splendid sharing of the trenches calls them back. That memory blots out all the tragedy and squalor; they think of their willing comrades in sacrifice and cannot rest.
I was with a young officer who was probably the most wounded man who ever came out of France alive. He had lain for months in hospital between sandbags, never allowed to move, he was so fragile. He had had great sh.e.l.l-wounds in his legs and stomach; the artery behind his left ear had been all but severed. When he was at last well enough to be discharged, the doctors had warned him never to play golf or polo, or to take any violent form of exercise lest he should do himself a damage. He had returned to Canada for a rest and was back in London, trying to get sent over again to the Front.
We had just come out from the Alhambra. Whistles were being blown shrilly for taxis. London theatre-crowds were slipping cosily through the m.u.f.fled darkness--a man and girl, always a man and a girl. They walked very closely; usually the girl was laughing. Suddenly the contrast flashed across my mind between this bubbling joy of living and the poignant silence of huddled forms beneath the same starlight, not a hundred miles away in No Man"s Land. He must have been seeing the same vision and making the same contrast. He pulled on my arm. "I"ve got to go back."
"But you"ve done your "bit,"" I expostulated. "If you do go back and don"t get hit, you may burst a blood vessel or something, if what the doctors told you is true."
He halted me beneath an arc-light. I could see the earnestness in his face. "I feel about it this way," he said, "If I"m out there, I"m just one more. A lot of chaps out there are jolly tired; if I was there, I"d be able to give some chap a rest."
That was love; for a man, if he told the truth, would say, "I hate the Front." Yet most of us, if you ask us, "Do you want to go back?" would answer, "Yes, as fast as I can." Why? Partly because it"s difficult to go back, and in difficulty lies a challenge; but mostly because we love the chaps. Not any particular chap, but all the fellows out there who are laughing and enduring.
Last time I met the most wounded man who ever came out of France alive, it was my turn to be in hospital. He came to visit me there, and told me that he"d been all through the Vimy racket and was again going back.
"But how did you manage to get into the game again?" I asked. "I thought the doctors wouldn"t pa.s.s you."
He laughed slily. "I didn"t ask the doctors. If you know the right people, these things can always be worked."
More than half of the bravery at the Front is due to our love of the folks we have left behind. We"re proud of them; we want to give them reason to be proud of us. We want them to share our spirit, and we don"t want to let them down. The finest reward I"ve had since I became a soldier was when my father, who"d come over from America to spend my ten days" leave with me in London, saw me off on my journey back to France. I recalled his despair when I had first enlisted, and compared it with what happened now. We were at the pier-gates, where we had to part. I said to him, "If you knew that I was going to die in the next month, would you rather I stayed or went?" "Much rather you went," he answered. Those words made me feel that I was the son of a soldier, even if he did wear mufti. One would have to play the game pretty low to let a father like that down.
When you come to consider it, a quitter is always a selfish man. It"s selfishness that makes a man a coward or a deserter. If he"s in a dangerous place and runs away, all he"s doing is thinking of himself.
I"ve been supposed to be talking about G.o.d As We See Him. I don"t know whether I have. As a matter of fact if you had asked me, when I was out there, whether there was any religion in the trenches, I should have replied, "Certainly not." Now that I"ve been out of the fighting for a while, I see that there is religion there; a religion which will dominate the world when the war is ended--the religion of heroism. It"s a religion in which men don"t pray much. With me, before I went to the Front, prayer was a habit. Out there I lost the habit; what one was doing seemed sufficient. I got the feeling that I might be meeting G.o.d at any moment, so I didn"t need to be worrying Him all the time, hanging on to a spiritual telephone and feeling slighted if He didn"t answer me directly I rang Him up. If G.o.d was really interested in me, He didn"t need constant reminding. When He had a world to manage, it seemed best not to interrupt Him with frivolous pet.i.tions, but to put my prayers into my work. That"s how we all feel out there.
G.o.d as we see Him! I couldn"t have told you how I saw Him before I went to France. It"s funny--you go away to the most d.a.m.nable undertaking ever invented, and you come back cleaner in spirit. The one thing that redeems the horror is that it does make a man momentarily big enough to be in sympathy with his Creator--he gets such glimpses of Him in his fellows.
There was a time when I thought it was rather up to G.o.d to explain Himself to the creatures He had fashioned--since then I"ve acquired the point of view of a soldier. I"ve learnt discipline and my own total unimportance. In the Army discipline gets possession of your soul; you learn to suppress yourself, to obey implicitly, to think of others before yourself. You learn to jump at an order, to forsake your own convenience at any hour of the day or night, to go forward on the most lonely and dangerous errands without complaining. You learn to feel that there is only one thing that counts in life and only one thing you can make out of it--the spirit you have developed in encountering its difficulties. Your body is nothing; it can be smashed in a minute. How frail it is you never realise until you have seen men smashed. So you learn to tolerate the body, to despise Death and to place all your reliance on courage--which when it is found at its best is the power to endure for the sake of others.
When we think of G.o.d, we think of Him in just about the same way that a Tommy in the front-line thinks of Sir Douglas Haig. Heaven is a kind of General Headquarters. All that the Tommy in the front-line knows of an offensive is that orders have reached him, through the appointed authorities, that at zero hour he will climb out of his trench and go over the top to meet a reasonable chance of wounds and death. He doesn"t say, "I don"t know whether I will climb out. I never saw Sir Douglas Haig--there mayn"t be any such person. I want to have a chat with him first. If I agree with him, after that I may go over the top--and, then again, I may not. We"ll see about it."
Instead, he attributes to his Commander-in-Chief the same patriotism, love of duty, and courage which he himself tries to practice. He believes that if he and Sir Douglas Haig were to change places, Sir Douglas Haig would be quite as willing to sacrifice himself. He obeys; he doesn"t question.
That"s the way every Tommy and officer comes to think of G.o.d--as a Commander-in-Chief whom he has never seen, but whose orders he blindly carries out.
The religion of the trenches is not a religion which a.n.a.lyses G.o.d with impertinent speculation. It isn"t a religion which takes up much of His time. It"s a religion which teaches men to carry on stoutly and to say, "I"ve tried to do my bit as best I know how. I guess G.o.d knows it. If I "go west" to-day, He"ll remember that I played the game. So I guess He"ll forget about my sins and take me to Himself."
That is the simple religion of the trenches as I have learnt it--a religion not without glory; to carry on as bravely as you know how, and to trust G.o.d without worrying Him.
THE END