"In order," says he, "that they should not suspect anything by my sudden absence, I told them I was obliged to take a short trip into the country on friendly family matters. _I myself made good use of this time to go to London._"
He arrived in the English capital on the 10th of May, and immediately paid his respects to Mr. Young. The project for regaining possession of York Factory was canva.s.sed. Radisson estimated that there would be between fifteen and twenty thousands beaver skins in the hands of his nephew, awaiting shipment. The partners appeared more than satisfied, and Radisson met with a most cordial reception. He was a.s.sured that the Company had entire confidence in him, and that their greatest regret was that there had been any misunderstanding between them. They would, it was declared on their behalf, make all amends in their power.
For a few weeks the Hudson"s Bay bushranger found himself a lion. He was presented to the King in the course of a _levee_. Charles listened with the greatest a.s.sumption of interest to the adventurer"s account of himself, and to his a.s.severations of loyalty and good will.
Radisson in the evening was taken to the play-house in the suite of his Royal Highness, and there by his bizarre attire attracted almost as much attention amongst the audience as the play itself.
"To the Duke"s Play-house," writes John Selwyn to his wife, "where Radisson, the American fur-hunter, was in the Royal box. Never was such a combination of French, English and Indian savage as Sir John Kirke"s son-in-law. He was not wont to dress so when he was last here, but he has got him a new coat with much lace upon it, which he wears with his leather breeches and shoes. His hair is a perfect tangle. It is said he has made an excellent fortune for himself."
[Sidenote: Radisson"s departure for Hudson"s Bay.]
After a number of conferences with the partners, Radisson finally departed from Gravesend on May 17. Three ships set sail, that in which Radisson was embarked being named the _Happy Return_. The elements being favourable, the little fleet reached the Straits more speedily than usual. The chief figure of this expedition, who had never borne a part in any joint enterprise without being animated by jealousy and distrust, found here ample scope for the exercise of his characteristic vices. During nearly the entire period of the voyage he evinced a perpetual and painful apprehension that one of the other ships carrying officials and servants of the Company would, with malicious intentions, arrive before him.
His first concern on awaking in the morning was to be a.s.sured that the companion vessels were in sight, and although the _Happy Return_ was the most sluggish sailor of the trio, yet to such good purpose were plied the bushranger"s energies and promises that her commander"s seamanship made her a capital match for the others.
But just before their destination was reached contrary winds, currents and ma.s.ses of floating ice brought about a separation, and Radisson began to be a.s.sailed more than ever by the fear that the English servants would arrive on the ground, overwhelm his nephew and the other French without his a.s.sistance, and thus frustrate all his plans for claiming sole credit. And in truth this fear was very nearly justified. Twenty leagues from Port Nelson the ship got blocked amidst the ma.s.ses of ice, and progress, except at a raft"s pace, became out of the question. In this dilemma, Radisson demanded of the captain a small boat and seven men. His request being granted, it was launched, and after undergoing forty-eight hours" fatigue, without rest or sleep, the entrance to Nelson River was reached. Imagine Radisson"s surprise, as well as that of his companions, on beholding two ships at anchor, upon one of which, a complete stranger to them, floated the Royal Standard of England.
[Sidenote: The presence of the French made known.]
It was the English frigate which had entered at Port Nelson. The other ship was the _Alert_, commanded by Captain Outlaw, having brought out the Company"s new Governor, William Phipps, the previous season.
Radisson boldly headed his boat for this vessel, and when he drew near, perceived Bridgar"s successor, with all his people in arms, on the quarter-deck. The Governor, in a loud voice, instantly demanded to know who Radisson was. Upon his making himself and his allegiance known, they decided to permit him to board the Company"s ship. The bushranger first made it his care to be informed how the land lay, and he was inwardly rejoiced to learn that the Governor and his men had not dared to land, out of fear for the French and Indians, who were considered hostile to the English interests. This was precisely the situation Radisson most desired; a thought seems to have struck him that after all, his nephew, Chouart, might prove intractable, and by no means so easily won over as he had antic.i.p.ated. It therefore behooved him to act with adroitness and circ.u.mspection. Taking with him two men, Radisson proceeded up country in the direction of the abandoned York Factory, hourly hoping that they might discover something, or at least they should make someone hear, or see a friendly Indian, by firing musket shots or making a smoke. The attempt was not fruitless, as he tells us, for after a while they perceived ten canoes with Indians coming down the river. "At first," he says, "I thought some Frenchmen might be with them, whom my nephew might have sent to discover who the new arrivals were." Upon this supposition Radisson severed himself from his comrades, and going to meet the savages he made the usual signs to them from the bank, which the Indians at first seemed to respond to in no amiable spirit. Albeit, on addressing them in their own tongue, he was immediately recognized, the Indians testifying by shouts and playful postures to their joy at his arrival. He quickly learned from them that his nephew and the other Frenchmen were above the rapids, four leagues from the place where they then were. They had expected Groseilliers would accompany Radisson, and when they expressed surprise that this was not the case, Radisson did not scruple to tell them that Groseilliers awaited him at a short distance.
"But what," asked Radisson, "are you doing here? What brings you into this part of the country and in such numbers?"
The savage leader"s sudden confusion betrayed him to Radisson. The circ.u.mstance of the Indians voluntarily seeking trade with the English greatly simplified the situation.
"Look you," said he, heartily, at the same time calling to Captain Geyer, who was in ambush hard by, "I am glad to find you seeking trade with the English. I have made peace with the English for the love of our Indian brothers; you, they and I are to be henceforth only one.
Embrace us, therefore, in token of peace; this (pointing to Geyer) is your new brother. Go immediately to your son at the fort yonder and carry him these tidings and the proofs of peace. Tell him to come and see me at this place, while the others will wait for me at the mouth of the river."
It should be mentioned that the chief of this band had previously announced himself as young Chouart"s sire, according to the Indian custom. He now readily departed on his mission.
Radisson pa.s.sed an anxious night. The sun had been risen some hours before his eyes were gladdened by the sight of a canoe, in which he descried Chouart. The young man"s countenance bore, as well it might, an expression of profound amazement; and at first hardly the bare civilities of relationship pa.s.sed between the pair. Chouart waited patiently for his uncle to render an explanation of the news which had reached him. Silently and slowly they walked together, and after a time the prince of liars, traitors, adventurers and bushrangers began his account of his position.
Radisson states that his nephew immediately acquiesced in his scheme.
A memoir penned in 1702, the year of Radisson"s death, by M. Barthier, of Quebec, a.s.serts that the young man received with the utmost disgust, and flatly declined to entertain, his relative"s proposals.
He expressed, on the other hand, the greatest grief on hearing the news; for he had begun to believe that it was through their efforts that the dominion of the king had been extended in that region. Now it appeared that this labour had all been in vain. It was only his love for his mother, Radisson"s sister, which prevented an open rebellion on the part of Chouart against the proposed treachery.
[Sidenote: Chouart surrenders to Radisson.]
No rupture took place; the stronger and more crafty spirit prevailed.
Chouart surrendered on the following day his command of the fort. He had, he complained, expected a far different fate for the place and his men. The tattered old _fleur de lis_ standard brought by the _St.
Anne"s_ captain from Quebec was lowered and the English emblem, with the device of the Company, run up in its stead. All the forces were a.s.sembled and amidst cheers for King Charles and the Honourable Adventurers, the Company"s Governor took formal possession.
But the French bushrangers and sailors watched these proceedings with melancholy dissatisfaction, not, perhaps, as much from patriotic motives as from the frailty of their own tenure. They could no longer be a.s.sured of a livelihood amongst so many English, who bore themselves with so haughty a mien.
Radisson proceeded to make an inventory of all the skins on hand, together with all those concealed in _caches_ in the woods. The results showed 239 packages of beaver, or about 12,000 skins, together with merchandise sufficient to barter for seven or eight thousand more. Instructions were now given by Radisson, the Governor remaining pa.s.sive, to have all these goods taken in canoes to the ships.
It now only remained for the bushranger to accomplish one other object before setting sail with the cargo for England. Radisson speaks of himself as having a secret commission, but no authority can be found for his statement. It involved the retention in the Company"s service of his nephew and the other Frenchmen; but even a.s.suming that Radisson were armed with any such instructions, the plan was not likely to enjoy the approval of Governor Phipps, who, if he were at the outset of his term of office determined upon any one thing, it was that Fort Nelson should be cleared of Frenchmen. Exactly how this was to be arranged was not quite clear, especially as there was yet no open rupture between the two authorities. But for such a rupture they had not long to wait. They were destined on the very eve of his departure to be involved in a quarrel.
[Sidenote: Dispute between Radisson and the Governor.]
Some years before an a.s.siniboine chief named Ka-chou-touay had taken Radisson to his bosom and adopted him as his son with all the customary ceremonies. This formidable chief, who had been at war with a neighbouring tribe at the time of his adopted son"s arrival in the country, now put in an appearance. Instead of the joy Radisson expected it was with reproaches that he was greeted. Ka-chou-touay informed him that a brother chief of his, named La Barbe, with one of his sons, had been killed while expostulating with a party of English.
The consequences of this rash action might be so grave that Radisson felt it to be his duty to resort to the Governor and demand that his servants should be punished for the crime, or else he would not be answerable for the consequences. The Governor does not appear to have taken Radisson"s demand in good part, declining altogether to intervene in the matter. The other now proceeded to commands and threats. He a.s.serted that as long as he remained in the country the Governor was his subordinate, which greatly angered that official and high words pa.s.sed.
The task the Governor had set himself was by no means easy, especially if he wished to avoid bloodshed. But the plan of overpowering and disarming the French was finally accomplished through strategy. All were escorted aboard the ship, even to Chouart himself, and on the fourth of September sail was set.
On this voyage Radisson"s state of mind rivalled that which he had experienced when outward bound. His late anxiety to be the first upon the scene at Port Nelson was paralleled now by his desire to be the first in London. If happily, the Company should first hear an account of what had transpired from himself, he felt convinced full measure of justice would be done him. If, on the other hand, Governor Phipps"
relation were first received there was no knowing how much prejudice might be raised against him.
Great as was his impatience, he managed to hide it with adroitness, so that none save his nephew suspected the intention he shortly executed.
The captain, crew and Company"s servants left the ship leisurely at Portsmouth. Those going up to London lingered for the coach, but not so with Radisson, who instantly made his way to the post-house, where he hired a second-rate steed, mounted it and, without the courtesy of an adieu to his late comrades, broke into a gallop, hardly restrained until London bridge was reached.
[Sidenote: Phipps" letter to the Company.]
His arrival took place close upon midnight, but late as was the hour, he took no thought of securing lodging or of apprising his wife of his advent. He spurred on his stumbling horse to the dwelling of Mr.
Young, in Wood Street, Cheapside. The honourable adventurer had retired for the night, but, nevertheless, in gown and night-cap welcomed Radisson with great cordiality. He listened, we are told, with the greatest interest and satisfaction to the bushranger"s tale, garnished with details of his own marvellous prowess and zeal for the Company. Nor, perhaps, was Radisson less satisfied when, on attaining his own lodging, he pondered on the day"s exploits. He slumbered little, and at eleven o"clock Young was announced, and was ushered in, declaring that he had already been to Whitehall and apprised the Court of the good news. His Majesty and his Royal Highness had expressed a wish to see Radisson, the hero of these great doings, and Young was accordingly brought to escort the bushranger into the Royal presence.
It was a triumph, but a short-lived one. Radisson had hardly left the precincts of the Court, his ears still ringing with the praises of King and courtiers, than the Deputy-Governor, Mr. Dering, received Phipps" account of the affair, which was almost as unfair to Radisson and the part he had played in the re-capture of Port Nelson, as Radisson"s own account was flattering.
On the receipt of the report, a General Court of the Adventurers was held on September 26th. By the majority of members the bushranger was hardly likely to be accorded full justice, for great offence had been given by his presentation at Court and the extremely informal manner of his arrival. Despite the friendliness of Hays, Young and several other partners, Radisson was not again granted a position of authority in the Company"s service.
In the meanwhile young Chouart, being detained in England against his wish, decided to write to Denonville and propose to accompany his uncle to Port Nelson and make his escape and gain Quebec by land. The Governor forwarded this letter to Paris and demanded permission to promise fifty pistoles to those who would seize the traitor Radisson and bring him to Quebec. The minister complied. But in March, 1687, he had had no success. "The misfortune," says the minister, "that the man Radisson has done to the colony, and that he is still capable of doing if he remains longer amongst the English, should oblige Denonville and Champagne to make every effort to seize him and so judgment will be held out." Radisson did, it is true, make another voyage to Hudson"s Bay, but his sojourn was of brief duration, and a plot set on foot to seize him failed.
Not long afterwards, "Peter Raddison" is found to be in receipt of a pension of ten pounds a month from the Company, which he continued to enjoy for many years to the time of his death at Islington, in 1702.
FOOTNOTES:
[19] As an example of the absurd legends current some years later, and perpetuated, I am sorry to say, to a later day, it would be hard to match this, from La Potherie:
"He (Preston) promised to G.o.dey, one of his domestics, to create him perpetual secretary of the Emba.s.sy, providing he engaged Radisson in his party. G.o.dey, the better to succeed, promised Radisson his daughter in marriage, whom he (Radisson) espoused." (La Potherie, Vol.
I, p. 145.) G.o.dey was _aide-de-camp_ to Preston; he may have had a daughter, but Radisson certainly did not espouse her, inasmuch as he was already married to Sir John Kirke"s daughter, who was still living.
[20] This is M. de la Barre"s quaint fashion of spelling Dongan.
CHAPTER XI.
1683-1686.
Feigned Anger of Lewis -- He writes to La Barre -- Importance Attached to Indian Treaties -- Duluth"s zeal -- Gauthier de Comportier -- Denonville made Governor -- Capture of the _Merchant of Perpetuana_ -- Expedition of Troyes against the Company"s Posts in the Bay -- Moose Fort Surrendered.
When the news of the expedition of 1684 reached the Court of Versailles, Lewis professed anger that the peace between the two crowns should be broken even in that remote corner of the world. He related the discussion which had taken place between the English amba.s.sador and himself with regard to Radisson"s treachery. He had been happy, he said, to inform King Charles"s representative that he was unwilling to afford his "brother of England" any cause of complaint. Nevertheless, as he thought it important to prevent the English from establishing themselves in that river, it would be well to make a proposal to the commandant at Hudson"s Bay that neither French nor English should have power to make any new establishments.
Long before that he had written to Governor La Barre, in no measured terms, demanding of him what he meant by releasing the Boston vessel, the _Susan_, without calling on the Intendant, or consulting the sovereign council.
"You have herein done," said he, "just what the English would be able to make a handle of, since in virtue of your ordinance you caused a vessel to be surrendered which ought strictly to be considered a pirate, as it had no commission; and the English will not fail to say that you so fully recognized the regularity of the ship"s papers as to surrender it."