manifesto for EFF, Barlow commented: "We will probably never know how this figure was reached or by whom, though I like to imagine an appraisal team consisting of Franz Kafka, Joseph h.e.l.ler, and Thomas Pynchon."
As it happened, Barlow was unduly pessimistic. The EFF did, in fact, eventually discover exactly how this figure was reached, and by whom-- but only in 1991, long after the Neidorf trial was over.
Kim Megahee, a Southern Bell security manager, had arrived at the doc.u.ment"s value by simply adding up the "costs a.s.sociated with the production" of the E911 Doc.u.ment.
Those "costs" were as follows:
1. A technical writer had been hired to research and write the E911 Doc.u.ment.
200 hours of work, at $35 an hour, cost : $7,000. A Project Manager had overseen the technical writer. 200 hours, at $31 an hour, made: $6,200.
2. A week of typing had cost $721 dollars. A week of formatting had cost $721. A week of graphics formatting had cost $742.
3. Two days of editing cost $367.
4. A box of order labels cost five dollars.
5. Preparing a purchase order for the Doc.u.ment, including typing and the obtaining of an authorizing signature from within the BellSouth bureaucracy, cost $129.
6. Printing cost $313. Mailing the Doc.u.ment to fifty people took fifty hours by a clerk, and cost $858.
7. Placing the Doc.u.ment in an index took two clerks an hour each, totalling $43.
Bureaucratic overhead alone, therefore, was alleged to have cost a whopping $17,099. According to Mr. Megahee, the typing of a twelve-page doc.u.ment had taken a full week. Writing it had taken five weeks, including an overseer who apparently did nothing else but watch the author for five weeks.
Editing twelve pages had taken two days. Printing and mailing an electronic doc.u.ment (which was already available on the Southern Bell Data Network to any telco employee who needed it), had cost over a thousand dollars.
But this was just the beginning. There were also the HARDWARE EXPENSES.
Eight hundred fifty dollars for a VT220 computer monitor.
THIRTY-ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS for a sophisticated VAXstation II computer.
Six thousand dollars for a computer printer. TWENTY-TWO THOUSAND DOLLARS for a copy of "Interleaf" software. Two thousand five hundred dollars for VMS software. All this to create the twelve-page Doc.u.ment.
Plus ten percent of the cost of the software and the hardware, for maintenance.
(Actually, the ten percent maintenance costs, though mentioned, had been left off the final $79,449 total, apparently through a merciful oversight).
Mr. Megahee"s letter had been mailed directly to William Cook himself, at the office of the Chicago federal attorneys. The United States Government accepted these telco figures without question.
As incredulity mounted, the value of the E911 Doc.u.ment was officially revised downward. This time, Robert Kibler of BellSouth Security estimated the value of the twelve pages as a mere $24,639.05--based, purportedly, on "R&D costs." But this specific estimate, right down to the nickel, did not move the skeptics at all; in fact it provoked open scorn and a torrent of sarcasm.
The financial issues concerning theft of proprietary information have always been peculiar. It could be argued that BellSouth had not "lost" its E911 Doc.u.ment at all in the first place, and therefore had not suffered any monetary damage from this "theft."
And Sheldon Zenner did in fact argue this at Neidorf"s trial-- that Prophet"s raid had not been "theft," but was better understood as illicit copying.
The money, however, was not central to anyone"s true purposes in this trial.
It was not Cook"s strategy to convince the jury that the E911 Doc.u.ment was a major act of theft and should be punished for that reason alone.
His strategy was to argue that the E911 Doc.u.ment was DANGEROUS.
It was his intention to establish that the E911 Doc.u.ment was "a road-map"
to the Enhanced 911 System. Neidorf had deliberately and recklessly distributed a dangerous weapon. Neidorf and the Prophet did not care (or perhaps even gloated at the sinister idea) that the E911 Doc.u.ment could be used by hackers to disrupt 911 service, "a life line for every person certainly in the Southern Bell region of the United States, and indeed, in many communities throughout the United States,"
in Cook"s own words. Neidorf had put people"s lives in danger.
In pre-trial maneuverings, Cook had established that the E911 Doc.u.ment was too hot to appear in the public proceedings of the Neidorf trial.
The JURY ITSELF would not be allowed to ever see this Doc.u.ment, lest it slip into the official court records, and thus into the hands of the general public, and, thus, somehow, to malicious hackers who might lethally abuse it.
Hiding the E911 Doc.u.ment from the jury may have been a clever legal maneuver, but it had a severe flaw. There were, in point of fact, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people, already in possession of the E911 Doc.u.ment, just as Phrack had published it. Its true nature was already obvious to a wide section of the interested public (all of whom, by the way, were, at least theoretically, party to a gigantic wire-fraud conspiracy). Most everyone in the electronic community who had a modem and any interest in the Neidorf case already had a copy of the Doc.u.ment.
It had already been available in Phrack for over a year.
People, even quite normal people without any particular prurient interest in forbidden knowledge, did not shut their eyes in terror at the thought of beholding a "dangerous" doc.u.ment from a telephone company. On the contrary, they tended to trust their own judgement and simply read the Doc.u.ment for themselves.
And they were not impressed.
One such person was John Nagle. Nagle was a forty-one-year-old professional programmer with a masters" degree in computer science from Stanford. He had worked for Ford Aeros.p.a.ce, where he had invented a computer-networking technique known as the "Nagle Algorithm,"
and for the prominent Californian computer-graphics firm "Autodesk,"
where he was a major stockholder.
Nagle was also a prominent figure on the Well, much respected for his technical knowledgeability.
Nagle had followed the civil-liberties debate closely, for he was an ardent telecommunicator. He was no particular friend of computer intruders, but he believed electronic publishing had a great deal to offer society at large, and attempts to restrain its growth, or to censor free electronic expression, strongly roused his ire.
The Neidorf case, and the E911 Doc.u.ment, were both being discussed in detail on the Internet, in an electronic publication called Telecom Digest.
Nagle, a longtime Internet maven, was a regular reader of Telecom Digest.
Nagle had never seen a copy of Phrack, but the implications of the case disturbed him.
While in a Stanford bookstore hunting books on robotics, Nagle happened across a book called The Intelligent Network.
Thumbing through it at random, Nagle came across an entire chapter meticulously detailing the workings of E911 police emergency systems.
This extensive text was being sold openly, and yet in Illinois a young man was in danger of going to prison for publishing a thin six-page doc.u.ment about 911 service.
Nagle made an ironic comment to this effect in Telecom Digest.
From there, Nagle was put in touch with Mitch Kapor, and then with Neidorf"s lawyers.
Sheldon Zenner was delighted to find a computer telecommunications expert willing to speak up for Neidorf, one who was not a wacky teenage "hacker."
Nagle was fluent, mature, and respectable; he"d once had a federal security clearance.
Nagle was asked to fly to Illinois to join the defense team.
Having joined the defense as an expert witness, Nagle read the entire E911 Doc.u.ment for himself. He made his own judgement about its potential for menace.
The time has now come for you yourself, the reader, to have a look at the E911 Doc.u.ment. This six-page piece of work was the pretext for a federal prosecution that could have sent an electronic publisher to prison for thirty, or even sixty, years. It was the pretext for the search and seizure of Steve Jackson Games, a legitimate publisher of printed books. It was also the formal pretext for the search and seizure of the Mentor"s bulletin board, "Phoenix Project,"
and for the raid on the home of Erik Bloodaxe. It also had much to do with the seizure of Richard Andrews" Jolnet node and the shutdown of Charles Boykin"s AT&T node.
The E911 Doc.u.ment was the single most important piece of evidence in the Hacker Crackdown. There can be no real and legitimate subst.i.tute for the Doc.u.ment itself.
==Phrack Inc.==
Volume Two, Issue 24, File 5 of 13
Control Office Administration Of Enhanced 911 Services For Special Services and Account Centers
by the Eavesdropper
March, 1988
Description of Service ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The control office for Emergency 911 service is a.s.signed in accordance with the existing standard guidelines to one of the following centers: