A WAVERING ALLY
During this terribly historical morning of the 4th of December, a day the master was closely observed by his satellites, Louis Bonaparte had shut himself up, but in doing so he betrayed himself. A man who shuts himself up meditates, and for such men to meditate is to premeditate. What could be the premeditation of Louis Bonaparte? What was working in his mind.
Questions which all asked themselves, two persons excepted,--Morny, the man of thought; Saint-Arnaud, the man of action.
Louis Bonaparte claimed, justly, a knowledge of men. He prided himself upon it, and from a certain point of view he was right. Others have the power of divination; he had the faculty of scent. It is brute-like, but trustworthy.
He had a.s.suredly not been mistaken in Maupas. To pick the lock of the Law he needed a skeleton key. He took Maupas. Nor could any burglar"s implement have answered better in the lock of the Const.i.tution than Maupas. Neither was he mistaken in Q.B. He saw at once that this serious man had in him the necessary composite qualities of a rascal. And in fact, Q.B., after having voted and signed the Deposition at the Mairie of the Tenth Arrondiss.e.m.e.nt, became one of the three reporters of the Joint Commissions; and his share in the abominable total recorded by history amounts to _sixteen hundred and thirty four victims_.
Louis Bonaparte, however, at times judged amiss, especially respecting Peauger. Peauger, though chosen by him, remained an honest man. Louis Bonaparte, mistrusting the workmen of the National Printing-Office, and not without reason, for twelve, as has been seen, were refractory, had improvised a branch establishment in case of emergency, a sort of State Sub-Printing-Office, as it were, situated in the Rue de Luxembourg, with steam and hand presses, and eight workmen. He had given the management of it to Peauger. When the hour of the Crime arrived, and with it the necessity of printing the nefarious placards, he sounded Peauger, and found him rebellious. He then turned to Saint Georges, a more subservient lackey.
He was less mistaken, but still he was mistaken, in his appreciation of X.
On the 2d of December, X., an ally thought necessary by Morny, became a source of anxiety to Louis Bonaparte.
X. was forty-four years of age, loved women, craved promotion, and, therefore, was not over-scrupulous. He began his career in Africa under Colonel Combes in the forty-seventh of the line. He showed great bravery at Constantine; at Zaatcha he extricated Herbillon, and the siege, badly begun by Herbillon, had been brought to a successful termination by him.
X., who was a little short man, his head sunk in his shoulders, was intrepid, and admirably understood the handling of a brigade. Bugeaud, Lamoriciere, Cavaignac, and Changarnier were his four stepping-stones to advancement. At Paris, in 1851, he met Lamoriciere, who received him coldly, and Changarnier, who treated him better. He left Satory indignant, exclaiming, "_We must finish with this Louis Bonaparte. He is corrupting the army. These drunken soldiers make one sick at heart. I shall return to Africa_." In October Changarnier"s influence decreased, and X."s enthusiasm abated. X. then frequented the Elysee, but without giving his adherence. He promised his support to General Bedeau, who counted upon him. At daybreak on the 2d of December some one came to waken X. It was Edgar Ney. X. was a prop for the _coup d"etat_, but would he consent? Edgar Ney explained the affair to him, and left him only after seeing him leave the barracks of the Rue Verte at the head of the first regiment. X. took up his position at the Place de la Madeleine. As he arrived there La Rochejaquelein, thrust back from the Chamber by its invaders, crossed the Place. La Rochejaquelein, not yet a Bonapartist, was furious. He perceived X., his old schoolfellow at the Ecole Militaire in 1830, with whom he was on intimate terms. He went up to him, exclaiming, "This is an infamous act. What are you doing?" "_I am waiting_," answered X. La Rochejaquelein left him; X. dismounted, and went to see a relation, a Councillor of State, M.R., who lived in the Rue de Suresne. He asked his advice. M.R., an honest man, did not hesitate.
He answered, "I am going to the Council of State to do my duty. It is a Crime." X. shook his head, and said, "_We must wait and see_."
This _I am waiting_, and _We must see_, preoccupied Louis Bonaparte.
Morny said, "_Let us make use of the flying squadron_."
CHAPTER VI.
DENIS DUs...o...b..
Gaston Dus...o...b.. was one of the bravest members of the Left. He was a Representative of the Haute-Vienne. At the time of his first appearance in the a.s.sembly he wore, as formerly did Theophile Gautier, a red waistcoat, and the shudder which Gautier"s waistcoat caused among the men of letters in 1830, Gaston Dus...o...b.." waistcoat caused among the Royalists of 1851. M. Parisis, Bishop of Langres, who would have had no objection to a red hat, was terrified by Gaston Dus...o...b.." red waistcoat. Another source of horror to the Right was that Dus...o...b.. had, it was said, pa.s.sed three years at Belle Isle as a political prisoner, a penalty incurred by the "Limoges Affair." Universal Suffrage had, it would seem, taken him thence to place him in the a.s.sembly. To go from the prison to the Senate is certainly not very surprising in our changeful times, although it is sometimes followed by a return from the Senate to the prison. But the Right was mistaken, the culprit of Limoges was, not Gaston Dus...o...b.., but his brother Denis.
In fine, Gaston Dus...o...b.. inspired fear. He was witty, courageous, and gentle.
In the summer of 1851 I went to dine every day at the Conciergerie with my two sons and my two imprisoned friends. These great hearts and great minds, Vacquerie, Meurice, Charles, and Francois Victor, attracted men of like quality. The livid half-light that crept in through latticed and barred windows disclosed a family circle at which there often a.s.sembled eloquent orators, among others Cremieux, and powerful and charming writers, including Peyrat.
One day Michel de Bourges brought to us Gaston Dus...o...b...
Gaston Dus...o...b.. lived in the Faubourg St. Germain, near the a.s.sembly.
On the 2d of December we did not see him at our meetings. He was ill, "nailed down" as he wrote me, by rheumatism of the joints, and compelled to keep his bed.
He had a brother younger than himself, whom we have just mentioned, Denis Dus...o...b... On the morning of the 4th his brother went to see him.
Gaston Dus...o...b.. knew of the _coup d"etat_, and was exasperated at being obliged to remain in bed. He exclaimed, "I am dishonored. There will be barricades, and my sash will not be there!"
"Yes," said his brother. "It will be there!"
"How?"
"Lend it to me."
"Take it."
Denis took Gaston"s sash, and went away.
We shall see Denis Dus...o...b.. later on.
CHAPTER VII.
ITEMS AND INTERVIEWS
Lamoriciere on the same morning found means to convey to me by Madame de Courbonne[15] the following information.
"---- Fortress of Ham.--The Commandant"s name is Baudot. His appointment, made by Cavaignac in 1848, was countersigned by Charras. Both are to-day his prisoners. The Commissary of Police, sent by Morny to the village of Ham to watch the movements of the jailer and the prisoners, is Dufaure de Pouillac."[16]
I thought when I received this communication that the Commandant Baudot, "the jailer," had connived at its rapid transmission.
A sign of the instability of the central power.
Lamoriciere, by the same means, put me in possession of some details concerning his arrest and that of his fellow-generals.
These details complete those which I have already given.
The arrests of the Generals were affected at the same time at their respective homes under nearly similar circ.u.mstances. Everywhere houses surrounded, doors opened by artifice or burst open by force, porters deceived, sometimes garotted, men in disguise, men provided with ropes, men armed with axes, surprises in bed, nocturnal violence. A plan of action which resembled, as I have said, an invasion of brigands.
General Lamoriciere, according to his own expression, was a sound sleeper. Notwithstanding the noise at his door, he did not awake. His servant, a devoted old soldier, spoke in a loud voice, and called out to arouse the General. He even offered resistance to the police. A police agent wounded him in the knee with a sword thrust.[17] The General was awakened, seized, and carried away.
While pa.s.sing in a carriage along the Quai Malaquais, Lamoriciere noticed troops marching by with their knapsacks on their backs. He leaned quickly forward out of the window. The Commissary of Police thought he was about to address the soldiers. He seized the General by the arm, and said to him, "General, if you say a word I shall put this on you." And with the other hand he showed him in the dim light something which proved to be a gag.
All the Generals arrested were taken to Mazas. There they were locked up and forgotten. At eight in the evening General Changarnier had eaten nothing.
These arrests were not pleasant tasks for the Commissaries of Police.
They were made to drink down their shame in large draughts. Cavaignac, Leflo, Changarnier, Bedeau, and Lamoriciere did not spare them any more than Charras did. As he was leaving, General Cavaignac took some money with him. Before putting it in his pocket, he turned towards Colin, the Commissary of Police who had arrested him, and said, "Will this money be safe on me?"
The Commissary exclaimed, "Oh, General, what are you thinking of?"
"What a.s.surance have I that you are not thieves?" answered Cavaignac. At the same time, nearly the same moment, Charras said to Courteille, the Commissary of Police, "Who can tell me that you are not pick-pockets?"
A few days afterwards these pitiful wretches all received the Cross of the Legion of Honor.
This cross given by the last Bonaparte to policemen after the 2d of December is the same as that affixed by the first Napoleon to the eagles of the Grand Army after Austerlitz.
I communicated these details to the Committee. Other reports came in. A few concerned the Press. Since the morning of the 4th the Press was treated with soldierlike brutality. Serriere, the courageous printer, came to tell us what had happened at the _Presse_. Serriere published the _Presse_ and the _Avenement du Peuple_, the latter a new name for the _Evenement_, which had been judicially suppressed. On the 2d, at seven o"clock in the morning, the printing-office had been occupied by twenty-eight soldiers of the Republican Guard, commanded by a Lieutenant named Pape (since decorated for this achievement). This man had given Serriere an order prohibiting the printing of any article signed "Nusse." A Commissary of Police accompanied Lieutenant Pape.
This Commissary had notified Serriere of a "decree of the President of the Republic," suppressing the _Avenement du Peuple_, and had placed sentinels over the presses. The workmen had resisted, and one of them said to the soldiers, "_We shall print it in spite of you_." Then forty additional Munic.i.p.al Guards arrived, with two quarter-masters, four corporals, and a detachment of the line, with drums at their head, commanded by a captain. Girardin came up indignant, and protested with so much energy that a quarter-master said to him, "_I should like a Colonel of your stamp_." Girardin"s courage communicated itself to the workmen, and by dint of skill and daring, under the very eyes of the gendarmes, they succeeded in printing Girardin"s proclamations with the hand-press, and ours with the brush. They carried them away wet, in small packages, under their waistcoats.