[Footnote 122: Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.]
[Footnote 123: London Gazette, Oct. S. 1691; Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.]
[Footnote 124: Life of James, 464, 465.]
[Footnote 125: Story"s Continuation.]
[Footnote 126: Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick; Burnet, ii. 81.; London Gazette, Oct. 12. 1691.]
[Footnote 127: Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick; London Gazette, Oct. 15. 1691.]
[Footnote 128: The articles of the civil treaty have often been reprinted.]
[Footnote 129: Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.]
[Footnote 130: Story"s Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.]
[Footnote 131: Story"s Continuation. His narrative is confirmed by the testimony which an Irish Captain who was present has left us in bad Latin. "Hic apud sacrum omnes advertizantur a capellanis ire potius in Galliam."]
[Footnote 132: D"Usson and Tesse to Barbesieux, Oct. 17. 1691.]
[Footnote 133: That there was little sympathy between the Celts of Ulster and those of the Southern Provinces is evident from the curious memorial which the agent of Baldearg O"Donnel delivered to Avaux.]
[Footnote 134: Treasury Letter Book, June 19. 1696; Journals of the Irish House of Commons Nov. 7. 1717.]
[Footnote 135: This I relate on Mr. O"Callaghan"s authority. History of the Irish Brigades Note 47.]
[Footnote 136: There is, Junius wrote eighty years after the capitulation of Limerick, "a certain family in this country on which nature seems to have entailed a hereditary baseness of disposition. As far as their history has been known, the son has regularly improved upon the vices of the father, and has taken care to transmit them pure and undiminished into the bosom of his successors." Elsewhere he says of the member for Middles.e.x, "He has degraded even the name of Luttrell." He exclaims, in allusion to the marriage of the Duke of c.u.mberland and Mrs.
Horton who was born a Luttrell: "Let Parliament look to it. A Luttrell shall never succeed to the Crown of England." It is certain that very few Englishmen can have sympathized with Junius"s abhorrence of the Luttrells, or can even have understood it. Why then did he use expressions which to the great majority of his readers must have been unintelligible? My answer is that Philip Francis was born, and pa.s.sed the first ten years of his life, within a walk of Luttrellstown.]
[Footnote 137: Story"s Continuation; London Gazette, Oct. 22. 1691; D"Usson and Tesse to Lewis, Oct. 4/14., and to Barbesieux, Oct. 7/17.; Light to the Blind.]
[Footnote 138: Story"s Continuation; London Gazette Jan. 4. 1691/2]
[Footnote 139: Story"s Continuation; Macariae Excidium, and Mr.
O"Callaghan"s note; London Gazette, Jan. 4. 1691/2.]
[Footnote 140: Some interesting facts relating to Wall, who was minister of Ferdinand the Sixth and Charles the Third, will be found in the letters of Sir Benjamin Keene and Lord Bristol, published in c.o.xe"s Memoirs of Spain.]
[Footnote 141: This is Swift"s language, language held not once, but repeatedly and at long intervals. In the Letter on the Sacramental Test, written in 1708, he says: "If we (the clergy) were under any real fear of the Papists in this kingdom, it would be hard to think us so stupid as not to be equally apprehensive with others, since we are likely to be the greater and more immediate sufferers; but, on the contrary, we look upon them to be altogether as inconsiderable as the women and children.... The common people without leaders, without discipline, or natural courage, being little better than hewers of wood and drawers of water, are out of all capacity of doing any mischief, if they were ever so well inclined." In the Drapier"s Sixth Letter, written in 1724, he says: "As to the people of this kingdom, they consist either of Irish Papists, who are as inconsiderable, in point of power, as the women and children, or of English Protestants." Again, in the Presbyterian"s Plea of Merit written in 1731, he says,
"The estates of Papists are very few, crumbling into small parcels, and daily diminishing; their common people are sunk in poverty, ignorance and cowardice, and of as little consequence as women and children. Their n.o.bility and gentry are at least one half ruined, banished or converted.
They all soundly feel the smart of what they suffered in the last Irish war. Some of them are already retired into foreign countries; others, as I am told, intend to follow them; and the rest, I believe to a man, who still possess any lands, are absolutely resolved never to hazard them again for the sake of establishing their superst.i.tion."
I may observe that, to the best of my belief, Swift never, in any thing that he wrote, used the word Irishman to denote a person of Anglosaxon race born in Ireland. He no more considered himself as an Irishman than an Englishman born at Calcutta considers himself as a Hindoo.]
[Footnote 142: In 1749 Lucas was the idol of the democracy of his own caste. It is curious to see what was thought of him by those who were not of his own caste. One of the chief Pariah, Charles O"Connor, wrote thus: "I am by no means interested, nor is any of our unfortunate population, in this affair of Lucas. A true patriot would not have betrayed such malice to such unfortunate slaves as we." He adds, with too much truth, that those boasters the Whigs wished to have liberty all to themselves.]
[Footnote 143: On this subject Johnson was the most liberal politician of his time. "The Irish," he said with great warmth, "are in a most unnatural state for we see there the minority prevailing over the majority." I suspect that Alderman Beckford and Alderman Sawbridge would have been far from sympathizing with him. Charles O"Connor, whose unfavourable opinion of the Whig Lucas I have quoted, pays, in the Preface to the Dissertations on Irish History, a high compliment to the liberality of the Tory Johnson.]
[Footnote 144: London Gazette, Oct. 22. 1691.]
[Footnote 145: Burnet, ii. 78, 79.; Burchett"s Memoirs of Transactions at Sea; Journal of the English and Dutch fleet in a Letter from an Officer on board the Lennox, at Torbay, licensed August 21. 1691. The writer says: "We attribute our health, under G.o.d, to the extraordinary care taken in the well ordering of our provisions, both meat and drink."]
[Footnote 146: Lords" and Commons" Journals, Oct. 22. 1691.]
[Footnote 147: This appears from a letter written by Lowther, after he became Lord Lonsdale, to his son. A copy of this letter is among the Mackintosh MSS.]
[Footnote 148: See Commons" Journals, Dec. 3. 1691; and Grey"s Debates.
It is to be regretted that the Report of the Commissioners of Accounts has not been preserved. Lowther, in his letter to his son, alludes to the badgering of this day with great bitterness. "What man," he asks, "that hath bread to eat, can endure, after having served with all the diligence and application mankind is capable of, and after having given satisfaction to the King from whom all officers of State derive their authoritie, after acting rightly by all men, to be hated by men who do it to all people in authoritie?"]
[Footnote 149: Commons" Journals, Dec. 12. 1691.]
[Footnote 150: Commons" Journals, Feb. 15. 1690/1; Baden to the States General, Jan 26/Feb 5]
[Footnote 151: Stat. 3 W. & M. c. 2., Lords" Journals; Lords" Journals, 16 Nov. 1691; Commons" Journals, Dec. 1. 9. 5.]
[Footnote 152: The Irish Roman Catholics complained, and with but too much reason, that, at a later period, the Treaty of Limerick was violated; but those very complaints are admissions that the Statute 3 W.
& M. c. 2. was not a violation of the Treaty. Thus the author of A Light to the Blind speaking of the first article, says: "This article, in seven years after, was broken by a Parliament in Ireland summoned by the Prince of Orange, wherein a law was pa.s.sed for banishing the Catholic bishops, dignitaries, and regular clergy." Surely he never would have written thus, if the article really had, only two months after it was signed, been broken by the English Parliament. The Abbe Mac Geoghegan, too, complains that the Treaty was violated some years after it was made. But he does not pretend that it was violated by Stat. 3 W. & M. c.
2.]
[Footnote 153: Stat. 21 Jac. 1. c. 3.]
[Footnote 154: See particularly Two Letters by a Barrister concerning the East India Company (1676), and an Answer to the Two Letters published in the same year. See also the judgment of Lord Jeffreys concerning the Great Case of Monopolies. This judgment was published in 1689, after the downfall of Jeffreys. It was thought necessary to apologize in the preface for printing anything that bore so odious a name. "To commend this argument," says the editor, "I"ll not undertake because of the author. But yet I may tell you what is told me, that it is worthy any gentleman"s perusal." The language of Jeffreys is most offensive, sometimes scurrilous, sometimes basely adulatory; but his reasoning as to the mere point of law is certainly able, if not conclusive.]
[Footnote 155: Addison"s Clarinda, in the week of which she kept a journal, read nothing but Aurengzebe; Spectator, 323. She dreamed that Mr. Froth lay at her feet, and called her Indamora. Her friend Miss Kitty repeated, without book, the eight best lines of the play; those, no doubt, which begin, "Trust on, and think to-morrow will repay." There are not eight finer lines in Lucretius.]
[Footnote 156: A curious engraving of the India House of the seventeenth century will be found in the Gentleman"s Magazine for December 1784.]
[Footnote 157: See Davenant"s Letter to Mulgrave.]
[Footnote 158: Answer to Two Letters concerning the East India Company, 1676.]
[Footnote 159: Anderson"s Dictionary; G. White"s Account of the Trade to the East Indies, 1691; Treatise on the East India Trade by Philopatris, 1681.]
[Footnote 160: Reasons for const.i.tuting a New East India Company in London, 1681; Some Remarks upon the Present State of the East India Company"s Affairs, 1690.]
[Footnote 161: Evelyn, March 16. 1683]
[Footnote 162: See the State Trials.]
[Footnote 163: Pepys"s Diary, April 2. and May 10 1669.]
[Footnote 164: Tench"s Modest and Just Apology for the East India Company, 1690.]
[Footnote 165: Some Remarks on the Present State of the East India Company"s Affairs, 1690; Hamilton"s New Account of the East Indies.]
[Footnote 166: White"s Account of the East India Trade, 1691; Pierce Butler"s Tale, 1691.]