[Footnote 99: Magna Britannia; Grose"s Antiquities; New Brighthelmstone Directory.]
[Footnote 100: Tour in Derbyshire, by Thomas Browne, son of Sir Thomas.]
[Footnote 101: Memoires de Grammont; Hasted"s History of Kent; Tunbridge Wells, a Comedy, 1678; Causton"s Tunbridgialia, 1688; Metellus, a poem on Tunbridge Wells, 1693.]
[Footnote 102: See Wood"s History of Bath, 1719; Evelyn"s Diary, June 27,1654; Pepys"s Diary, June 12, 1668; Stukeley"s Itinerarium Curiosum; Collinson"s Somersetshire; Dr. Peirce"s History and Memoirs of the Bath, 1713, Book I. chap. viii. obs. 2, 1684. I have consulted several old maps and pictures of Bath, particularly one curious map which is surrounded by views of the princ.i.p.al buildings. It Dears the date of 1717.]
[Footnote 103: According to King 530,000. (1848.) In 1851 the population of London exceeded, 2,300,000. (1857.)]
[Footnote 104: Macpherson"s History of Commerce; Chalmers"s Estimate; Chamberlayne"s State of England, 1684. The tonnage of the steamers belonging to the port of London was, at the end of 1847, about 60,000 tons. The customs of the port, from 1842 to 1845, very nearly averaged 11,000,000. (1848.) In 1854 the tonnage of the steamers of the port of London amounted to 138,000 tons, without reckoning vessels of less than fifty tons. (1857.)]
[Footnote 105: Lyson"s Environs of London. The baptisms at Chelsea, between 1680 and 1690, were only 42 a year.]
[Footnote 106: Cowley, Discourse of Solitude.]
[Footnote 107: The fullest and most trustworthy information about the state of the buildings of London at this time is to be derived from the maps and drawings in the British Museum and in the Pepysian Library.
The badness of the bricks in the old buildings of London is particularly mentioned in the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo. There is an account of the works at Saint Paul"s in Ward"s London Spy. I am almost ashamed to quote such nauseous balderdash; but I have been forced to descend even lower, if possible, in search of materials.]
[Footnote 108: Evelyn"s Diary, Sept. 20. 1672.]
[Footnote 109: Roger North"s Life of Sir Dudley North.]
[Footnote 110: North"s Examen. This amusing writer has preserved a specimen of the sublime raptures in which the Pindar of the City indulged:--
"The worshipful sir John Moor!
After age that name adore!"]
[Footnote 111: Chamberlayne"s State of England, 1684; Anglie Metropolis, 1690; Seymour"s London, 1734.]
[Footnote 112: North"s Examen, 116; Wood, Ath. Ox. Shaftesbury; The Duke of B."s Litany.]
[Footnote 113: Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo.]
[Footnote 114: Chamberlayne"s State of England, 1684; Pennant"s London; Smith"s Life of Nollekens.]
[Footnote 115: Evelyn"s Diary, Oct. 10, 1683, Jan. 19, 1685-6.]
[Footnote 116: Stat. 1 Jac. II. c. 22; Evelyn"s Diary, Dec, 7, 1684.]
[Footnote 117: Old General Oglethorpe, who died in 1785, used to boast that he had shot birds here in Anne"s reign. See Pennant"s London, and the Gentleman"s Magazine for July, 1785.]
[Footnote 118: The pest field will be seen in maps of London as late as the end of George the First"s reign.]
[Footnote 119: See a very curious plan of Covent Garden made about 1690, and engraved for Smith"s History of Westminster. See also Hogarth"s Morning, painted while some of the houses in the Piazza were still occupied by people of fashion.]
[Footnote 120: London Spy, Tom Brown"s comical View of London and Westminster; Turner"s Propositions for the employing of the Poor, 1678; Daily Courant and Daily Journal of June 7, 1733; Case of Michael v.
Allestree, in 1676, 2 Levinz, p. 172. Michael had been run over by two horses which Allestree was breaking in Lincoln"s Inn Fields.
The declaration set forth that the defendant "porta deux chivals ungovernable en un coach, et improvide, incante, et absque debita consideratione inept.i.tudinis loci la eux drive pur eux faire tractable et apt pur an coach, quels chivals, pur ceo que, per leur ferocite, ne poientestre rule, curre sur le plaintiff et le noie."]
[Footnote 121: Stat. 12 Geo. I. c. 25; Commons" Journals, Feb. 25, March 2, 1725-6; London Gardener, 1712; Evening Post, March, 23, 1731. I have not been able to find this number of the Evening Post; I therefore quote it on the faith of Mr. Malcolm, who mentions it in his History of London.]
[Footnote 122: Lettres sur les Anglois, written early in the reign of William the Third; Swift"s City Shower; Gay"s Trivia. Johnson used to relate a curious conversation which he had with his mother about giving and taking the wall.]
[Footnote 123: Oldham"s Imitation of the 3d Satire of Juvenal, 1682; Shadwell"s Scourers, 1690. Many other authorities will readily occur to all who are acquainted with the popular literature of that and the succeeding generation. It may be suspected that some of the t.i.tyre Tus, like good Cavaliers, broke Milton"s windows shortly after the Restoration. I am confident that he was thinking of those pests of London when he dictated the n.o.ble lines:
"And in luxurious cities, when the noise Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers, And injury and outrage, and when night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown With innocence and wine."]
[Footnote 124: Seymour"s London.]
[Footnote 125: Angliae Metropolis, 1690, Sect. 17, ent.i.tled, "Of the new lights"; Seymour"s London.]
[Footnote 126: Stowe"s Survey of London; Shadwell"s Squire of Alsatia; Ward"s London Spy; Stat. 8 & 9 Gul. III. cap. 27.]
[Footnote 127: See Sir Roger North"s account of the way in which Wright was made a judge, and Clarendon"s account of the way in which Sir George Savile was made a peer.]
[Footnote 128: The sources from which I have drawn my information about the state of the Court are too numerous to recapitulate. Among them are the Despatches of Barillon, Van Citters, Ronquillo, and Adda, the Travels of the Grand Duke Cosmo, the works of Roger North, the Diares of Pepys, Evelyn, and Teonge, and the Memoirs of Grammont and Reresby.]
[Footnote 129: The chief peculiarity of this dialect was that, in a large cla.s.s of words, the O was p.r.o.nounced like A. Thus Lord was p.r.o.nounced Lard. See Vanbrugh"s Relapse. Lord Sunderland was a great master of this court tune, as Roger North calls it; and t.i.tus Oates affected it in the hope of pa.s.sing for a fine gentleman. Examen, 77, 254.]
[Footnote 130: Lettres sur les Anglois; Tom Brown"s Tour; Ward"s London Spy; The Character of a Coffee House, 1673; Rules and Orders of the Coffee House, 1674; Coffee Houses vindicated, 1675; A Satyr against Coffee; North"s Examen, 138; Life of Guildford, 152; Life of Sir Dudley North, 149; Life of Dr. Radcliffe, published by Curll in 1715. The liveliest description of Will"s is in the City and Country Mouse. There is a remarkable pa.s.sage about the influence of the coffee house orators in Halstead"s Succinct Genealogies, printed in 1685.]
[Footnote 131: Century of inventions, 1663, No. 68.]
[Footnote 132: North"s Life of Guildford, 136.]
[Footnote 133: Th.o.r.esby"s Diary Oct. 21,1680, Aug. 3, 1712.]
[Footnote 134: Pepys"s Diary, June 12 and 16,1668.]
[Footnote 135: Ibid. Feb. 28, 1660.]
[Footnote 136: Th.o.r.esby"s Diary, May 17,1695.]
[Footnote 137: Ibid. Dec. 27,1708.]
[Footnote 138: Tour in Derbyshire, by J. Browne, son of Sir Thomas Browne, 1662; Cotton"s Angler, 1676.]
[Footnote 139: Correspondence of Henry Earl of Clarendon, Dec. 30, 1685, Jan. 1, 1686.]
[Footnote 140: Postlethwaite"s Dictionary, Roads; History of Hawkhurst, in the Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica.]
[Footnote 141: Annals of Queen Anne, 1703, Appendix, No. 3.]
[Footnote 142: 15 Car. II. c. 1.]
[Footnote 143: The evils of the old system are strikingly set forth in many pet.i.tions which appear in the Commons" Journal of 172 5/6. How fierce an opposition was offered to the new system may be learned from the Gentleman"s Magazine of 1749.]
[Footnote 144: Postlethwaite"s Dict., Roads.]