[245] Probably gongs.
[246] Neither Stanley nor Rizal throws any light on this word. The Spanish dictionaries likewise fail to explain it, as does also a limited examination of Malay and Tagal dictionaries. Three conjectures are open: 1. A derivative of tifatas, a species of mollusk, hence a conch; 2. A Malay or Tagal word for either a wind or other instrument, the Malay words for "to blow," "sound a musical instrument," being tiyup and tiyupkan; 3. A misprint for the Spanish pifas, a possible shortened form of pifanos, signifying fifes.
[247] The Philippine Islands, Blair and Robertson, XV, pp. 240-244, 264-268.
[248] Sailing vessels.
[249] The Philippine Islands, Blair and Robertson, XXIII, pp. 87, 88.
[250] Unsigned.
[251] A small vessel used as a tender to carry messages between larger vessels.
[252] The Philippine Islands, Blair and Robertson, XXVIII, pp. 41-63.
[253] In the ma.n.u.script that we follow the letter of March 31 is given second, while that of April 5 is given first; we have arranged them chronologically.
[254] Garo: probably the same as garita; a fortified outpost.
[255] The translation of this pa.s.sage seems to be, "If G.o.d fights against a city, he who guards it watches in vain." The difficulty lies in "a custodierit," which we translate as "fights against."
[256] A Spanish measure of length which is about equal to 1 yard, English measure.
[257] The Gimbahans or Sulus of the interior mountains.
[258] Babui, in their language, signifies "pig"; apparently they called the Spaniards "swine," as expressing the acme of contempt for their besiegers.
[259] "Thanks be to G.o.d who has given us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ."
[260] Combes says (Hist. Mindanao, Reana"s ed., column 264) that this queen, named Tuan Baluka, was a native of Basilan, and that she had acquired such ascendancy over her husband that the government of Sulu was entirely in her hands. This statement explains the presence of the Basilan men in the Sulu stronghold.
[261] Zamboanga, the correct spelling is Samboangan.
[262] Culverins of small bore.
[263] This letter is unsigned; but the transcript of it made by Ventura del Arco places it with others ascribed to Barrios. See detailed accounts of the expedition against Jolo (Sulu) in Combes"s Hist. Mindanao y Jolo (Retana and Pastells ed.), cols. 349-368; Diaz"s Conquistas, pp. 388-401: Murillo Velarde"s Hist. Philipinas, fol. 92, 93; and La Concepcion"s Hist. Philipinas, V, pp. 334-351.
[264] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[265] The Recoletos or barefoot Augustinian friars.
[266] Spanish expediente, the collection of all the papers referring to a single subject.
[267] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[268] Maestre de Campo.
[269] The inhabitants of Koran, northeast Borneo, pagan pirates subdued by Sulu in 1769.
[270] Official designation of the Audiencia when a.s.sembled in executive session under the presidency of the Captain-General.
[271] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[272] Sp. forzados, men compelled to row in the galleys, usually as punishment for crime.
[273] Manila. The shorter form of its t.i.tle of "La siempre n.o.ble y leal Ciudad."
[274] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[275] A small sailing vessel.
[276] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[277] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[278] The Honorable East India Company.
[279] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[280] I.e., of the Sulus.
[281] Sp. champanes.
[282] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[283] "En sus propios buques" (i.e., of Sulu).
[284] This and the following statements are not correct.
[285] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[286] Though inaccurate and biased, the ideas expressed in this report represent the opinion and feelings of many Spanish officials who were connected with Moro affairs.
[287] The correct name is Abu Bakr.
[288] Such a statement is unduly biased.
[289] A Spanish magistrate.
[290] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[291] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[292] Vessels up to 80 feet length by 18 or 20 beam, made of wood, bamboo, nipah, and rattan. The Moros arm them by placing at the two sides lantakas and falconets, mounted on iron swivels, and at the bow and stern, cannon set in stout pieces of timber. The sails are usually of matting made of saguran [a kind of palm-leaf], spread on bamboo poles. (Note in Montero y Vidal"s History of the Piracy of the Mohammedan Malays.)
[293] From the Division of Archives, Executive Bureau, Manila.
[294] Sp. Contaduria General.