THE WORLD"S TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.
_To the Editor of the New York Tribune:_
SIR:--Your "Inquirer," it appears to me, is bent on throwing firebrands into the temperance ranks, and the worst kind of firebrands, those of vile sectarianism. Will you permit me to answer and remark upon a few of his inquiries?
1. "Are there to be _two_ World"s Conventions?"
_Answer_. That will be, I suppose, as people please. There may be a dozen; and I know not that any harm will be done.
2. "Did Mayor Barstow occasion the schism in the temperance ranks, by refusing to recognize the feminine element in the movement?"
_Ans_. No. The schism, such as there was, was caused by a proposal of Rev. Mr. Higginson, and a persistence in it, that a representative of the Women"s State Society should be added to the Business Committee of one from each State; and this after the Committee was full. With as good reason, it was said, might one be pressed from the _Men"s_ State Society or State Alliance. Mr.
Higginson pertinaciously pressed the matter; and because he could not have his own way and rule the Convention, he refused to serve on the Committee; and hence arose all the disturbance and the schism.
3. "Did Dr. Hewitt rule out from office Mr. Barnum on the ground that he (Mr. Barnum) was an infidel?"
_Ans_. No. I am confident he used no such phraseology; and "Inquirer" has no more right to ask such a question, than he has to ask if Dr. Hewitt did not rule him out on the ground that Mr.
Barnum was a horse thief. The very question amounts to an a.s.sertion (as is announced in the next inquiry) that he _did_ say it; which, if he did not, is calumny. Dr. H. _did_ object to Mr.
Barnum, as he had a perfect right to do, as one of the Appointing Committee. It was desirable to find the best men to get up to the World"s Convention. I proposed Mr. Barnum as one, knowing his amazing efficiency. Dr. H. objected, on the ground that he (Barnum) was a very exceptionable man in his part of Connecticut, and would do injury to the Convention; and, as harmony was desirable, and unexceptionable men should be put upon the Committee, his name was withdrawn. It was agreed that what was said in Committee should not go abroad.
4. "Does Mr. Barnum"s infidelity consist in his attending another church in Bridgeport from Dr. Hewitt"s?"
Here appears the cloven foot of sectarianism. One sect is to be held up as persecuted. Here the writer a.s.sumes that Dr. Hewitt did say that Mr. B. was an infidel; and, a.s.suming it and knowing it, why does he hypocritically ask whether Dr. H. _did_ say it?
5. "Is it true that Dr. H. refused his pulpit for a temperance lecture by Rev. E. H. Chapin, on the ground that he was a Universalist?"
Sectarianism again! What has all this to do with the meeting at the Brick Chapel? Why is it brought here but to kindle up sectarian fires? A pastor of a church has everywhere conceded to him the control of his pulpit, and no one may contend with him in this matter. Whether that was so or not, I know not, nor is it any concern of mine, nor of the public. Such a rule the world knows does not govern us in selecting temperance speakers. We will not invite speakers to speak at temperance meetings who have something else more at heart than temperance, which they will most offensively thrust in their speech upon the meeting. But we, without hesitation, invite men of all sorts to speak at temperance meetings, who will speak to the point, and do us good and not hurt. Rev. Mr. Chapin, we all know, is of this character, and, without hesitation, I invited him to speak at the late Anniversary of the American Temperance Union (as I did Rev. Mr.
Higginson, who differs from me perhaps as much in religious belief), and he (Mr. C.) would have spoken, but was to be out of the city.
6. "How can the proposed Convention be a _World"s_ Convention, if women and all who do not belong to a particular Church are to be excluded?"
Sectarianism again! Who has said a word about Church but this writer, and about excluding women from the Convention and all its entertainments? No one. The basis of the Convention has not been settled. It probably will be as broad as the world. The last query I think unworthy an answer. And I must be permitted to say the whole inquiry manifests a very bad spirit, and is calculated to promote evils which the public press should suppress rather than foster.
As I sent you an anonymous communication explaining some of these matters last Sat.u.r.day, which you declined publishing, because, I suppose, it was anonymous, I feel constrained, though reluctantly, to give this my name.
Yours, etc., JOHN MARSH,
_Office of Am. Temp. Union, No. 149 Na.s.sau St._
HORACE GREELEY"S REPLY.
Rev. John! we have allowed you to be heard at full length; now you and your set will be silent and hear us.
Very palpably your palaver about Mr. Higginson"s motion is a dodge, a quirk, a most contemptible quibble, reluctant as we are to speak thus irreverently of the solemn utterances of a Doctor of Divinity. Right well do you know, reverend sir, that the particular form, or time, or fashion in which the question came up is utterly immaterial, and you interpose it only to throw dust in the eyes of the public. Suppose a woman had been nominated at the right time, and in the right way, according to your understanding of punctilios, wouldn"t the same resistance have been made and the same row got up? You know right well that there would. Then what is all your pettifogging about technicalities worth? The only question that anybody cares a b.u.t.ton about is this, Shall woman be allowed to partic.i.p.ate in your World"s Temperance Convention on a footing of perfect equality with man?
If yea, the whole dispute turns on nothing, and isn"t worth six lines in _The Tribune_. But if it was and is the purpose of those for whom you pettifog to keep woman off the platform of that Convention, and deny her any part in its proceedings except as a spectator, what does all your talk about Higginson"s untimeliness and the Committees being full amount to? Why not treat the subject with some show of honesty?
Now as to Barnum and Hewitt: it is eminently proper that the public should know exactly on what ground H. ruled B. off the Business Committee, and it is self-criminating to plead that a mantle of secrecy was spread over the doings in Committee. If Hewitt protested against Barnum on the a.s.sumption that the latter is a sinner, while this is to be a Convention of saints, let that fact be known, so that sinners may keep away from the Convention. If on the a.s.sumption that Mr. Barnum is an infidel or a heretic, let that fact come squarely out, so that we may know that infidels or heretics, either or both, are to be proscribed at the Hewitt-Marsh Convention. For if there is to be really and truly a World"s Temperance Convention, according to any fair meaning of the phrase, then we say women, as well as men, youth, as well as adults, colored, as well as white, heretic, as well as orthodox, sinners, as well as saints--so that they be earnest and undoubted upholders of total abstinence--should be invited to send delegates, who should be equally welcome to its platform and eligible to its offices. An Orthodox White Male Adult Saints"
Convention may be very proper and very useful, but it should be called distinctly as such, and not unqualifiedly as a World"s Convention.
Dr. Marsh thinks it n.o.body"s business whether Dr. Hewitt did or did not refuse the use of his church for a temperance-meeting at which Mr. Chapin was to speak, because he (Mr. C.) was a Universalist. Yes, reverend sir, it is a good many people"s business if the public are purposely left in doubt as to the character of the World"s Convention that is to issue from the Brick Church meeting. For if Dr. Hewitt shut his pulpit against so unexceptionable, a.s.siduous, effective an advocate of temperance as Mr. Chapin confessedly is (see Marsh, above), then we have a cue to his objection to Barnum and to the general bearings of the "World"s Convention" to be incubated under his auspices. That single incident of the pulpit-shutting will have a great deal of significance to many other people; wherefore the fact that it has none to Marsh is overruled.
Whenever a real "World"s Temperance Convention" shall a.s.semble, an inquiry may be found necessary as to what Dr. Hewitt has done and sacrificed for temperance these five years that should authorize him to rule P. T. Barnum off a temperance committee; also, whether men who live by Temperance, like Dr. Marsh, are in the right position to judge those, like Barnum, who labor and spend money for it. For the present, however, we will leave these inquiries on the General Orders.
One word as to Sectarianism. If "Inquirer," or Mr. Barnum, or Mr.
Chapin has proposed or intrigued to keep any one out of office, or otherwise overslaughed in the Brick Church Meeting, or any of its meetings, because of said body"s religious opinions or a.s.sociations, then said intriguer has been guilty of a very faulty and culpable sectarian dodge, which can not be too severely reproached. But if it be in fact t"other fellow"s bull that has gored this one"s ox, then the facts should come out, and the culprit can not escape censure by raising the stop-thief cry of "Sectarianism." "_Thou_ art the man!"
Let the women of this nation ponder Horace Greeley"s arraignment of the reverend gentlemen who were the chief actors in this farce, and remember that in all ages of the world the priesthood have found their pliant tools and most degraded victims in the women of their respective sects. In all of these meetings there were intelligent, sincere women, so blinded by the sophistry and hypocrisy of Marsh, Chambers, Hewitt, _et al._, that they gave them their countenance and support throughout this disgraceful mob, so-shocking and revolting to the best men of that day and generation.
In consequence of the action in the Brick Church two temperance conventions were called, to meet in New York the first week in September. One designated "The Whole World"s Convention," including men and women, black and white, orthodox and heretic; the other the "Half World"s Convention," restricted to the "simon pure, white (male) orthodox saints"; which for ribaldry of speech and rudeness of action surpa.s.sed in its proceedings the outside mob, that raged and raved through an entire week, making pandemonium of our metropolis.
A GRAND GATHERING--ANTI-SLAVERY--WOMAN"S RIGHTS--TEMPERANCE--THE WORLD"S FAIR, SEPTEMBER, 1853.
The opening days of the autumn of this year were days of intense excitement in the city of New York. Added to the numbers attracted by the World"s Fair was the announcement of the Anti-Slavery, Woman"s Rights, and two Temperance Conventions. The reformers from every part of the country a.s.sembled in force, each to hold their separate meetings, though the leaders were to take a conspicuous part in all.
The anti-slavery meetings began on Sunday, and every day two or three of these conventions were in session, all drawing crowds to listen or to disturb. William Henry Channing. William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips and Thomas Wentworth. Higginson eloquently pleading for the black man"s freedom on the anti-slavery platform, and for the equality of their mothers, wives, and daughters on the woman"s rights platform, and for both the woman and the black man on the temperance platform; now face to face with Rynders and his mob, and then with the Rev. John Chambers, Marsh and Hewitt and their mob, the viler of the two.
THE HALF WORLD"S TEMPERANCE CONVENTION,
led by Chambers, Hewitt, and Marsh, was in session in Metropolitan Hall several days. As it was simply an organized mob, we find in the journals of the day no speeches or resolutions on the great question on which they nominally a.s.sembled.
In trying to get rid of Antoinette L. Brown, who had been sent as a delegate from two respectable and influential societies, and of James McCune Smith, a colored delegate, they quarrelled through most of the allotted time for the convention over what cla.s.s of persons could be admitted. In summing up the proceedings of these meetings
HORACE GREELEY says, in the _Tribune_, September 7, 1853: "This convention has completed three of its four business sessions, and the results may be summed up as follows:
"_First Day_--Crowding a woman off the platform.
"_Second Day_--Gagging her.
"_Third Day_--Voting that she shall stay gagged. Having thus disposed of the main question, we presume the incidentals will be finished this morning."
Antoinette Brown was asked why she went to that Convention, knowing, as she must, that she would be rejected.
"I went there," she said, "to a.s.sert a principle--a principle relevant to the circ.u.mstances of that convention, and one which would promote _all_ good causes and r.e.t.a.r.d _all_ bad ones. I went there, as an item of the world, to contend that the sons and daughters of the race, without distinction of s.e.x, sect, cla.s.s or color, should be recognized as belonging to the world, and I planted my feet upon the simple _rights of a delegate_. I asked no favor as a woman, or in behalf of woman; no favor as a woman advocating temperance; no recognition of the cause of woman above the cause of humanity; the indors.e.m.e.nt of no "ism" and of no measure; but I claimed, in the name of the world, the rights of a delegate in a world"s convention.
"Is it asked. Why did you make that issue at that time? I answer, I have made it at all times and in all places, whenever and wherever Providence has given me the opportunity, and in whatever way it could be made to appear most prominent. Last spring, when woman claimed the supremacy--the right to hold all the offices in the Woman"s State Temperance Society--I contended, from this platform, for the equality of man; the equal rights of all the members of this society. I have claimed everywhere the equality of humanity in Church and in State; G.o.d helping me, I here pledge myself anew to Him, and to you all, to be true everywhere to the central principle--the soul of the Divine commandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." The temperance cause was not injured by our course at that Convention. We went there with thoughtful hearts. Said Wendell Phillips: "Take courage, and remember that whether you are received or rejected, you are going to make the most effectual speech for temperance, for woman, and humanity that you have ever made in your life." "G.o.d bless you,"
were the fervent words of Mr. Channing, in a moment when there was most need of Divine a.s.sistance; and when I stood on the platform for an hour and a half, waiting to be heard, I could read in the faces of men such as these, and in the faces, too, of our opposers, the calm a.s.surance, "You are making the most effectual speech for temperance, for woman, and humanity, that you have ever made in your life." I believed it then; I believe it now."[101]
Rev. William Henry Channing, in giving his report of the World"s Temperance Convention to the Toronto Division of Sons of Temperance of the City of Rochester, said:
And now it becomes my disagreeable duty, as one of your delegates, to report to the Toronto Division how my highly honored fellow-delegate was treated. Her credentials were received without dissent; she was, of course, then ent.i.tled, _equally_ with every other delegate, to take part in all the proceedings of the Conventions. At a suitable time and in a perfectly orderly manner she rose to speak; the floor was adjudged to her by Hon. Neal Dow, the President, but her right to the platform was questioned. Again and again the President declared your delegate to be in order; again and again appeal was made to the Convention and the decision of the President sustained; but a factious minority succeeded in silencing her voice, and so ended the first session in storm.
On the second morning your delegate wisely waited until the resolutions offered to the convention by the Business Committee were opened for discussion. When the first resolution, declaring the _religious character_ of the Temperance Movement, was submitted to the meeting, Miss Brown rose to speak. She rose calmly in the body of the house; she was a minister of religion, an advocate of temperance; she had it in her heart to press this reformation onward in a religious spirit; she had avoided all disputes on petty points of order, and now wished to address herself earnestly to the momentous theme. Had she not a perfect right to do so? And what fitter occasion could occur? The very topic was of a kind to banish personalities and hush low pa.s.sions. Your delegate was invited by the President to take the platform; she did so with quiet dignity, but scarcely had she reached the stand when all around her on the platform itself, and among the officers of the Convention, began that disgraceful row, which led an onlooker in the gallery to cry out, "Are those men drunk?" I have no wish to dwell upon that cowardly transaction, but this remark I am bound in honor to make: If any man says that Antoinette Brown forced the subject of "Woman"s Rights" on that Temperance Convention in plain Saxon speech, _He Lies_. She never dreamed of asking any _privilege_ as a woman; she stood there in her _right_ as a delegate; her aim was to urge forward the Temperance Reform. No! the whole uproar on "Woman"s Rights" came from the professed friends of Temperance, and began with the insulting cry--from a man on the platform--of, "Shame on the woman!" That man I need hardly tell you was the notorious John Chambers, of Philadelphia--the so-called Rev. John Chambers!--he it was who, with brazen face and clanging tongue, stood stamping until he raised a cloud of dust around him, pointing with coa.r.s.e finger and rudely shouting "shame on the woman," until he even stood abashed before the indignant cry from the Convention of "shame on John Chambers."
The Reverend John Chambers! _Reverend_ for what? For his piety; manifested in the fact that he, a professed minister of the gospel, could by rowdy tumult drown the voice of another minister of the gospel while she was a.s.serting the religious character of the Temperance Reform! _Reverend_ for what? For his charity; manifested by low cries and insulting gestures, to a gentlewoman who stood there firm yet meek, before him! Strange that he, of all, should thus seek a bad eminence in outraging the decencies of social life; for unless report is false, John Chambers owes whatever position he may have to woman. It is said--I believe on good authority--that he was educated for the ministry by the contributions of women; that he preaches in a church built and endowed by a woman; that his salary is chiefly paid by hard-working needle-women; finally, that he married a rich wife!
Now what a sight was there! A man, whose brain had been fed with books by woman, whose body had been fattened with bread by woman, every fragment and st.i.tch of whose ministerial garb, from his collar to his boot-heels, had been paid for by woman, whose very traveling ticket to that convention had been bought by woman, could find no better way to discharge his mission as minister of the gospel than to point his finger and shout, "Shame on the woman!"