19 Comp. Gen. xv. 5.
20 See Sura xxi. 52.
21 Lit. unless that my Lord shall will anything.
22 Or, confuse not their faith with wrong, injustice, i.e. idolatry.
23 Koran.
24 This verse and the following were probably added at Medina after the Hejira; at least it is difficult to conceive that Muhammad would have ventured thus to have written at Mecca.
25 This verse is said to have been revealed at Medina and to be aimed at the false prophets Moseilama, Aswad and Amsi; also at Abdallah Ibn Saad, Muhammad"s secretary, who for corrupting the sacred text and apostacy, was one of the ten proscribed at the taking of Mecca.
26 In the womb.
27 Of all sorts.
28 Lit. attaineth to. Mr. Lane renders, "the eyes see not Him, but He seeth the eyes."
29 The verses of the Koran.
30 Comp. Ex. xxii. 28.
31 Notwithstanding this disclaimer, the Muslim tradition, etc. speak of many of their Prophet"s miracles. See Maracci"s Prodr. p. ii. p. 16, and 30 46.
32 Verses 118-121 seem misplaced, and should probably follow 154.
33 Lit. the outside of iniquity and its inside. Some understand these words of open sins, and secret sins.
34 That is, G.o.d"s method of dealing with the guilty was to send apostles previous to the execution of his judgments.
35 It appears to have been the custom of the idolatrous Arabs to set apart one portion of their fields for the Supreme G.o.d, and the other for the inferior G.o.ds represented by their idols. If any of the fruit happened to fall from the part consecrated to the idols into that consecrated to G.o.d, they restored it, but if the reverse occurred, they gave it to the idols.
G.o.d, said they, is rich and can dispense with it. The secret, however, was that the idols" portion was reserved for the priests, Beidhawi. Freytag mentions the names of 73 idols worshipped by the Arab tribes, previous to Islam (Einl. pp. 270 and 342 357) and generally with Allah, as Supreme G.o.d.
36 Comp. Sura [cxiv.] v. 102.
37 Comp. Sura xvii. 33, p. 167.
38 See verse 120 above.
39 This very abrupt transition to Jewish history seems to indicate that a pa.s.sage between this and the preceding verse is lost.
40 Lit. we were careless of their studies
SURA XIII.-THUNDER [XC.]
MECCA.-43 Verses
In the Name of G.o.d, the Compa.s.sionate, the Merciful
ELIF. LAM. MIM. RA.1 These, the signs of the Book! And that which hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord is the very truth: But the greater part of men will not believe.
It is G.o.d who hath reared the Heavens without pillars thou canst behold; then mounted his throne, and imposed laws on the sun and moon: each travelleth to its appointed goal. He ordereth all things. He maketh his signs clear, that ye may have firm faith in a meeting with your Lord.
And He it is who hath outstretched the earth, and placed on it the firm mountains, and rivers: and of every fruit He hath placed on it two kinds: He causeth the night to enshroud the day. Verily in this are signs for those who reflect.
And on the earth hard by each other are its various portions: gardens of grapes and corn, and palm trees single or cl.u.s.tered. Though watered by the same water, yet some make we more excellent as food than other: Verily in all this are signs for those who understand.
If ever thou dost marvel, marvellous surely is their saying, "What! when we have become dust, shall we be restored in a new creation?"
These are they who in their Lord believe not: these! the collars shall be on their necks; and these shall be inmates of the fire, to abide therein for aye.
To hasten evil rather than good will they challenge thee: but, before their time have been like examples. Full, truly, of mercy is thy Lord unto men, despite their sins; but verily, thy Lord is right vehement to punish.
And they who believe not say: "If a sign from his Lord be not sent down to him ... !" Thou art a warner only. And every people hath its guide.
G.o.d knoweth the burden of every female, and how much their wombs lessen and enlarge: with Him everything is by measure:
Knower of the Hidden and the Manifest! the Great! the Most High!
Alike to Him is that person among you who concealeth his words, and he that telleth them abroad: he who hideth him in the night, and he who cometh forth in the day.
Each hath a succession of Angels before him and behind him, who watch over him by G.o.d"s behest. Verily, G.o.d will not change his gifts to men, till they change what is in themselves: and when G.o.d willeth evil unto men, there is none can turn it away, nor have they any protector beside Him.
He it is who maketh the lightning to shine unto you; for fear and hope: and who bringeth up the laden clouds.
And the THUNDER uttereth his praise, and the Angels also, for awe of Him: and he sendeth his bolts and smiteth with them whom he will2 while they are wrangling about G.o.d! Mighty is he in prowess.
Prayer is His of right: but these deities to whom they pray beside Him give them no answer, otherwise than as he is answered who stretcheth forth his hands to the water that it may reach his mouth, when it cannot reach it! The prayer of the Infidels only wandereth, and is lost.
And unto G.o.d doth all in the Heavens and on the Earth bow down in worship, willingly or by constraint: their very shadows also morn and even!
SAY: Who is Lord of the Heavens and of the Earth? SAY: G.o.d. SAY: Why then have ye taken beside Him protectors, who even for their own selves have no power for help or harm? SAY: What! shall the blind and the seeing be held equal? Shall the darkness and the light be held equal? Or have they given a.s.sociates to G.o.d who have created as He hath created, so that their creation appear to them like His? SAY: G.o.d is the Creator of all things! He is the One! the Conquering!
He sendeth down the rain from Heaven: then flow the torrents in their due measure, and the flood beareth along a swelling foam. And from the metals which are molten in the fire for the sake of ornaments or utensils, a like sc.u.m ariseth. In this way doth G.o.d depict (set forth) truth and falsehood. As to the foam, it is quickly gone: and as to what is useful to man, it remaineth on the earth. Thus doth G.o.d set forth comparisons! To those who respond to their Lord shall be an excellent reward; but those who respond not to his call, had they all that the earth containeth twice over, they would surely give it for their ransom. Evil their reckoning! and h.e.l.l their home!
And wretched the bed!
Shall he then who knoweth that what hath been sent down to thee from thy Lord is the truth, act like him who is blind? Men of insight only will bear this in mind,
Who fulfil their pledge to G.o.d, and break not their compact:
And who join together what G.o.d hath bidden to be joined, and who fear their Lord, and dread an ill reckoning;
And who, from desire to see the face of their Lord, are constant amid trials, and observe prayer and give alms, in secret and openly, out of what we have bestowed upon them, and turn aside evil by good: for these is the recompense of that abode,
Gardens of Eden-into which they shall enter together with the just of their fathers, and their wives, and their descendants: and the angels shall go in unto them at every portal:
"Peace be with you!" say they, "because ye have endured all things!" Charming the recompense of their abode!