He continued: "May the mercy in Thee precede Thy justice, so that my prayer may be answered, for I well know that "there is no mercy in justice," [877] Thou Thyself didst tell me when I asked Thee how Thou didst conduct the world, "I owe nothing to any creature, and what I do for them is a free gift on My part," therefore as a free gift, grant now my prayer to me. [878] Thou Thyself didst point out to me that it is Thy desire that people should pray to Thee to cancel punishment that was laid upon them. When Israel committed that terrible sin, the worship of the Golden Calf, Thou didst say to me, "Let Me alone, that I may destroy them, and blot out their name from under heaven." I then thought, "Who can restrain G.o.d, that He should say, "Let Me?" It is plain that He desires me to pray for His children;" and I prayed, and was answered. The prayer of the individual for the community was answered, but not so the prayer of the community for the one individual! Is it because I called Israel, "rebels?" But in this I only followed Thy example, for Thou too didst call them, "the sons of rebellion." [879]
"Thou didst call me, as well as Leviathan, thy servant; I sent up prayers to Thee, and Leviathan likewise, and him didst Thou answer, for Thou madest a covenant with him that Thou keepest, but the covenant that Thou madest with me Thou breakest, for Thou didst say, "Die in the mount whither thou goest up." In the Torah Thy words are: "If the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: then his master shall bring him unto the judges; and he shall serve him for ever." I implore Thee now, "hear my cry, O G.o.d; attend unto my prayer." [880] Thou are not in the position of a judge of flesh and blood who, when granting a prayer, has to consider that he may be compelled by his superior to repeal his answer, Thou canst do what Thou wilt, for where on earth or in heaven is there one so mighty that he can do such deed as Thine in Egypt, or who can perform such mighty deeds as Thou didst at the Red Sea? [881] I pray Thee, therefore, let me behold the land that, in spite of the slander of the spies, I praised, and Jerusalem and the Temple also.
[882]
"When, in answer to the proposition Thou madest me to go into Egypt and deliver Israel, I said, "I can not do it, for I made a vow to Jethro never to leave him," Thou didst release me from that vow. O Lord of the world! As then Thou didst absolve me of my vow, saying, "Go, return into Egypt," so do Thou now absolve Thyself from Thy vow, and permit me to enter the land of Israel." Then G.o.d answered: "Thou hast a master to absolve thee from thy vow, but I have no master." [883] Moses then said: "Thy judgement against me reads that I shall not as king enter the promised land, for to me and to Aaron Thou didst say, "Ye shall not bring this a.s.sembly into the land which I have given them." Permit me then, at least, to enter it as a common citizen." "That," said the Lord, "is impossible. The king shall not enter it degraded to the rank of a common citizen." "Well, then," said Moses, "if I may not even go into the land as a common citizen, let me at least enter into the promised land by the Paneas Grotto, that runs from the east bank to the west bank of the Jordan." But this request, too, G.o.d denied him, saying, "Thou shalt not go from this bank of the Jordan to the other." "If this request also is to be denied me," begged Moses, "grant me at least that after my death my bones may be carried to the other side of the Jordan." But G.o.d said, "Nay, not even thy bones shall cross the Jordan." [884] "O Lord of the world!"
exclaimed Moses, "If Joseph"s bones were permitted to be carried into the promised land, why not mine?" G.o.d replied, "Whosoever acknowledges his country shall be buried therein, but whosoever does not acknowledge his country shall not be buried therein.
Joseph pledged allegiance to his country when he said, "For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews," and therefore also does he deserve to have his bones brought to the land of Israel, but thou didst in silence hear the daughters of Jethro say to their father, "An Egyptian delivered us out of the hands of the shepherds," without correcting them by saying, "I am a Hebrew;"
and therefore shall not even thy bones be brought into the land of Israel." [885]
Moses furthermore said to G.o.d: "O Lord of the world! With the word, "Behold" did I begin Thy praise, saying, "Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the Lord"s" and with that very world, "Behold," dost thou seal my death, saying, "Behold, thy days approach that thou must die."" G.o.d replied to this: "A wicked man in his envy sees only the profits, but not the expenditures of his neighbor. Dost thou not recall that when I wanted to send thee to Egypt, thou didst also decline My request with the word, "Behold,"
saying, "Behold, they will not believe me." Therefore did I say, "Behold, thy days approach that thou must die."" [886] "As furthermore," continued G.o.d, "thou didst say to the sons of Levi when they asked thy forgiveness, "Enough, ye take too much upon ye, ye sons of Levi," so too shall I answer thy prayer for forgiveness, "Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto Me of this matter.""
"O Lord of the world!" again pleaded Moses, "Wilt not Thou recall the time when thou didst say to me, "Come now, therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth My people the children of Israel out of Egypt." Let them be led by me into their land as I led them out of the land of bondage." But to this also G.o.d found a reply: "Moses, wilt not thou recall the time when thou didst say to Me, "O my Lord, send, I pray Thee by the hand of him whom Thou wild send?" "With the measure that a man uses, shall measure be given him." [887] I announce death to thee with the word, "Behold," saying "Behold, thy days approach that thou must die," because I wanted to point out to thee that thou diest only because thou are a descendant of Adam, upon whose sons I had p.r.o.nounced death with the word, "Behold," saying to the angels: "Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever."" [888]
Moses then said, "O Lord of the world! To the first man didst Thou give a command that could easily be obeyed, and yet he disobeyed it, and thereby merited death; but I have not transgressed any of Thy commandments." G.o.d: "Behold, Abraham also, who sanctified My name in the world, died." Moses: "Yea, but from Abraham issued Ishmael, whose descendants arouse thy anger."
G.o.d: "Isaac, also, who laid his neck upon the altar to be offered as a sacrifice to Me, died." Moses: "But from Isaac issued Esau who will destroy the Temple and burn Thy house." G.o.d: "From Jacob issued twelve tribes that did not anger Me, and ye he died." Moses: "But he did not ascend into heaven, his feet did not tread the clouds, Thou didst not speak with him face to face, and he did not receive the Torah out of Thy hand." G.o.d: ""Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto Me of this matter," speak not many words, for only "a fool multiplieth words."" Moses: "O Lord of the world!
Future generations will perchance say, "Had not G.o.d found evil in Moses, He would not have taking him out of the world."" G.o.d: "I have already written in My Torah, "And there hath not arisen since a prophet in Israel like unto Moses."" Moses: "Future generations will perhaps say that I had probably acted in accordance with Thy will in my youth, while I was active as a prophet, but that in my old age, when my prophetic activities ceased, I no longer did Thy will."
Moses: "Lord of the world! Let me, I pray, enter into the Land, live there two or three years, and then die." G.o.d: "I have resolved that thou shalt not go there." Moses: "If I may not enter it in my lifetime, let me reach it after my death." G.o.d: "Nay, neither dead nor alive shalt thou go into the land." Moses: "Why this wrath against me?" G.o.d: "Because ye sanctified Me not in the midst of the children of Israel." Moses: "With all Thy creatures dost Thou deal according to Thy quality of mercy, forgiving them their sins, once, twice, and thrice, but me Thou wilt not forgive even one single sin!" G.o.d: "Outside of this sin of which thou are aware, thou hast committed six other sins with which I have not until now reproached thee. At the very first, when I appeared to thee, thou didst say, "O my Lord, send I pray Thee, by the hand of him whom Thou wilt send," and didst refuse to obey My command to go to Egypt. Secondly thou didst say, "For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Thy name, he hath evil entreated this people; neither hast Thou delivered Thy people at all," accusing Me thereby of having only harmed Israel, instead of aiding them. Thirdly didst thou say, "If these men die the common death of all men, then the Lord hath not sent me," so that thou didst arouse doubts among Israel if thou wert really My amba.s.sador. Fourthly didst thou say, "But if the Lord make a new thing," doubting if G.o.d could do so. Fifthly didst thou say to Israel, "Hear now, ye rebels," and in this way didst insult My children. Sixthly didst thou say, "And behold, ye are risen up in your fathers" stead, an increase of sinful men." Were Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Israel"s fathers, perchance sinful men, that thou didst thus address their children?" Moses: "I only followed Thy example, for Thou, too, didst say, "The censers of these sinners.""
G.o.d: "But I did not characterize their fathers as sinners."
Moses: "O Lord of the world! How often did Israel sin before Thee, and when I begged and implored mercy for them, Thou forgavest them, but me Thou wilt not forgive! For my sake Thou forgavest the sins of sixty myriads, and not thou wilt not forgive my sin?" G.o.d: "The punishment that is laid upon the community is different from the punishment that is laid upon the individual, for I am not so severe in my treatment of the community as I am in dealing with an individual. But know, furthermore, that until now fate had been in thy power, but now fate is no longer in thy power."[889] Moses: "O Lord of the world! Rise up from the Throne of Justice, and seat Thyself upon the Throne of Mercy, so that in Thy mercy, Thou mayest grant me life, during which I may atone for my sins by suffering that Thou shalt bring upon me.
Hand me not over to the sword of the Angel of Death. If Thou wild grant my prayer, then shall I sound Thy praises to all the inhabitants of the earth; I do not wish to die, "but live and declare the works of the Lord."" G.o.d replied: ""This is the gate of the Lord; the righteous shall enter into it," this is the gate into which the righteous must enter as well as other creatures, for death had been decreed for man since the beginning of the world." [890]
Moses, however, continued to importune G.o.d, saying: "With justice and with mercy hast Thou created the world and mankind, may mercy now conquer justice. In my youth Thou didst begin by showing me Thy power in the bush of thorns, and now, in my old age, I beseech Thee, treat me not as an earthly king treats his servant. When a king of flesh and blood had a servant, he loves him as long as he is young and strong, but casts him off when he is grown old. But Thou, "cast me not off in the time of old age." Thou didst show Thy power at the revelation of the Ten Commandments, and thy strong hand in the ten plagues that Thou didst bring upon Egypt. Thou didst create everything, and in Thy hand doth it lie to kill and to give life, there is none who can do these works, nor is there strength like Thine in the future world.
Let me then proclaim Thy majesty to the coming generations, and tell them that through me Thou didst cleave the Red Sea, and give the Torah to Israel, that throughout forty years Thou didst cause manna to rain from heaven for Israel, and water to rise from the well." For Moses thought that if his life were spared, he should be able everlastingly to restrain Israel from sin and to hold them forever in faith to the one G.o.d. But G.o.d said: "" Let it suffice thee."
If thy life were to be spared, men should mistake thee, and make a G.o.d of thee, and worship thee." "Lord of the world!" replied Moses, "Thou didst already test me at the time when the Golden Calf was made and I destroyed it. Why then should I die?" G.o.d: "Whose son art thou?" Moses: "Amram"s son." G.o.d: "And whose son was Amram?" Moses: "Izhar"s son." G.o.d: "And whose son was he?" Moses: "Kohath"s son." G.o.d: "And whose son was he?"
Moses: "Levi"s son." G.o.d: "And from whom did all of these descend?" Moses: "From Adam." G.o.d: "Was the life of any one of these spared?" Moses: "They all died." G.o.d: "And thou wishest to live on?" Moses: "Lord of the world! Adam stole the forbidden fruit and ate of it, and it was on this account that Thou didst punish him with death, but did I ever steal aught from Thee? Thou Thyself didst write of me, "My servant Moses, who is faithful in all Mine house."" G.o.d: "Art thou worthier than Noah?" Moses: "Yes; when Thou sentest the flood over his generation he did not beg Thy mercy for them, but I did say to Thee, "Yet now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin; and if not, blot me, I pray Thee, out of Thy book which Thou hast written.""
G.o.d: "Was it I perchance, that counseled thee to slay the Egyptian?" Moses: "Thou didst slay all the firstborn of Egypt, and shall I die on account of one single Egyptian that I slew?" G.o.d: "Art thou perchance My equal? I slay and restore to life, but canst thou perchance revive the dead?" [891]
G.o.d TRIES TO COMFORT MOSES CONCERNING HIS DEATH
That Moses might not take his approaching end too much to heart, G.o.d tried to comfort him by pointing out to him that in his lifetime he had received such distinctions from his Creator as no man before him, and that still greater distinctions awaited him in the future world. G.o.d said: "Dost not thou remember the great honor I showed thee? Thou didst say to Me, "Arise," and I arose; thou saidst, "Turn about," and I turned about; for thy sake too did I invert the order of heaven and earth, for the order of heaven it is to send down dew and rain, and earth"s order is it to produce bread, but thou didst say to Me, "I do not wish it so, but bid heaven to send down bread, and earth to bring forth water," and I acted in accordance with thy wish; I caused bread to rain from heaven, and the well "sprung up." Thou didst say, "If the Lord make a new thing, and the ground open her mouth, and swallow them up, then ye shall understand that the Lord hath sent me," and I fulfilled thy wish, and it swallowed them. I had also spoken, "He that sacrificeth unto any G.o.d, save unto the Lord only, shall be utterly destroyed,"
but when Israel sinned with the Golden Calf and I meant to deal with them according to My words, thou wouldst not let Me, saying: "Pardon, I pray Thee, the iniquity of this people," and I forgave them as thou didst ask Me. More than this, the Torah is named after Me, it is the Torah of the Lord, but I named it after Thy name, saying, "It is the Torah of My servant Moses." The children of Israel also are named after Me, "for unto Me the children of Israel are servants; they are My servants," but I called them after thy name. I distinguished thee still more, for just as there is neither food nor drink for Me, so also didst thou stay in heaven forty days and forty nights, and in all that time, "didst neither eat bread, nor drink water." I am G.o.d, and see, "I made thee a G.o.d to Pharaoh;" I have prophets, and thou hast a prophet, for I said to thee, "and Aaron, thy brother, shall be thy prophet." Again, no being may see Me, and thee too did I make so that "the people were afraid to come nigh thee," and as I said to thee, "thou shalt see My back: but My face shall not be seen," so too did the people see the back of thee. I glorified the Torah with twenty-two letters, and with all these letters did I glorify thee. I sent thee to Pharaoh, and thou didst lead Israel out of Egypt; through thee did I bestow the Sabbath upon Israel, and the law of circ.u.mcision; I gave thee the Ten Commandments, I covered thee with the cloud, I gave thee the two tables of stone, which thou didst break; I made thee unique in the world; I gave thee the Torah as an inheritance, and honored thee more than all the seventy elders."
Moses had to acknowledge that extraordinary marks of honor had been his. He said: "Lord of the world! Thou didst set me on high, and didst bestow upon me so many benefits that I cannot enumerate one of a thousand, and all the world knows how Thou didst exalt me and honor me, and all the world knows as well that Thou art the One G.o.d, the only One in Thy world, that there is none beside Thee, and that there is nothing like Thee. Thou didst create those above and those below, Thou art the beginning and the end. Who can enumerate Thy deeds of glory? Do one of these, I beseech Thee, that I may pa.s.s over the Jordan." G.o.d said: ""Let it suffice, speak no more unto Me of this matter." [892] It is better for thee to die here, than that thou shouldst cross the Jordan and die in the land of Israel. There in a tomb fashioned by men, on a bier made by men, and by the hands of men wouldst thou be buried; but now shalt thou be buried in a tomb fashioned by G.o.d, on a bier made by G.o.d, and shalt be buried by the hands of G.o.d. [893] O My son Moses, much honor had been stored up for thee in the future world, for thou wilt take part in all the delights of Paradise, where are prepared three hundred and ten worlds, which I have created for every pious man that through love of Me devoted himself to the Torah. And as in this world I appointed thee over the sixty myriads of Israel, so in the future world shall I appoint thee over the fifty-five myriads of pious men. Thy days, O Moses, will pa.s.s, when thou art dead, but thy light will not fade, for thou wilt never have need of the light of sun or moon or stars, nor wilt thou require raiment or shelter, or oil for thy head, or shoes for thy feet, for My majesty will shine before thee, My radiance will make thy face beam, My sweetness will delight thy palate, the carriages of My equipage shall serve as vehicles for thee, and one of My many scepters upon which is engraved the Ineffable Name, one that I had employed in the creation of the world, shall I give to thee, the image of which I had already given thee in this world."
[894]
THE INTERCESSIONS FOR MOSES
When Moses saw that G.o.d lent no ear to his prayers, he sought to invoke G.o.d"s mercy through the pleadings of others. "To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven." So long as the course of Moses" days had not yet been run, everything was in his power, but when his time was over, he sought for some one to appeal to G.o.d"s mercy for him. He now betook himself to Earth and said: "O Earth, I pray thee, implore G.o.d"s mercy for me. Perhaps for thy sake will He take pity upon me and let me enter into the land of Israel." Earth, however, replied: "I am "without form and void," and then too I shall son "wax old like a garment." How then should I venture to appear before the King of kings? Nay, thy fate is like mine, for "dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.""
Moses hastened to Sun and Moon, and implored them to intercede for him with G.o.d, but they replied: "Before we pray to G.o.d for thee, we must pray for ourselves, for "the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed.""
Moses then took his request to the Stars and the Planets, but these, too, replied: "Before we venture to plead for thee, we must plead for ourselves, for "all the host of heaven shall be dissolved.""
Moses then went to the Hills and the Mountains, beseeching them, "Pray appeal to G.o.d"s mercy for me," and they, too, replied: "We too have to implore G.o.d"s mercy for ourselves, for He said, "The mountains shall depart, and the hills be removed.""
He then laid his plea before Mount Sinai, but the latter said: "Didst thou not see with thine eyes and record in the Torah that, "Mount Sinai was altogether in smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in a fire?" How then shall I approach the Lord?"
He then went to the Rivers, and sought their intercession before the Lord, but they replied: ""The Lord made a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters." We cannot save ourselves out of His hand, and how then should we aid thee?"
Then he went to the Deserts, and to all the Elements of Nature, but in vain sought to secure their aid. Their answer was : "All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and turn to dust again."
The Great Sea was the last to which he brought his request, but it replied: "Son of Amram, what ails thee today? Art not thou the son of Amram that erstwhile came to me with a staff, beat me, and clove me into twelve parts, while I was powerless against thee, because the Shekinah accompanied thee at thy right hand? What has happened, then, that thou comest before me now pleading?"
Upon being reminded of the miracles that he had accomplished in his youth, Moses burst into tears and said, "Oh, that I were as in months past, as in the days when G.o.d preserved me!" And turning to the sea, he made answer: "In those days, when I stood beside thee, I was king of the world, and I commanded, but not I am a suppliant, whose prayers are unanswered." [895]
When Moses perceived the Heaven and Earth, Sun and Moon, Stars and Planets, Mountains and Rivers turned a deaf ear to his prayers, he tried to implore mankind to intercede for him before G.o.d. He went first to his disciple Joshua, saying: "O my son, be mindful of the love with which I treated thee by day and by night, teaching thee mishnah and halakah, and all arts and sciences, and implore now for my sake G.o.d"s mercy, for perhaps through thee He may take pity upon me, and permit me to enter the land of Israel." Joshua began to weep bitterly, and beat his palms in sorrow, but when he wanted to begin to pray, Samael appeared and stopped his mouth, saying, "Why dost thou seek to oppose the command of G.o.d, who is "the Rock, whose work is perfect, and all whose ways are judgement?"" Joshua then went to Moses and said, "Master, Samael will not let me pray." At these words Moses burst into loud sobs, and Joshua, too, wept bitterly.
Moses then went to his brother"s son, Eleazar, to whom he said: "O my son, be mindful of the days when G.o.d was angry with thy father on account of the making of the Golden Calf, and I save him through my prayer. Pray now thou to G.o.d for me, and perhaps G.o.d will take pity upon me, and let me enter into the land of Israel."
But when Eleazar, in accordance with Moses" wish, began to pray, Samael appeared and stopped his mouth, saying to him, "How canst thou think of disregarding G.o.d"s command?" Then Eleazar reported to Moses that he could not pray for him.
He now tried to invoke Caleb"s aid, but him, too, Samael prevented from praying to G.o.d. Moses then went to the seventy elders and the other leaders of the people, he even implored every single man among Israel to pray for him, saying: "Remember the wrath which the Lord nursed against your fathers, but I brought it to pa.s.s that G.o.d relinquished His plan to destroy Israel, and forgave Israel their sins. Now, I pray ye, betake yourselves to the sanctuary of G.o.d and exhort His pity for me, that He may permit me to enter into the land of Israel, for "G.o.d never rejects the prayer of the mult.i.tude.""
When the people and their leaders heard these words of Moses, they broke out into mournful weeping, and in the Tabernacle with bitter tears they entreated G.o.d to answer Moses" prayer, so that their cries rose even to the Throne of Glory. But then one hundred and eighty four myriads of angels under the leadership of the great angels Zakun and Lahash descended and s.n.a.t.c.hed away the words of the suppliants, that they might not reach G.o.d. The angel Lahash indeed tried to restore to their place the words which the other angels had s.n.a.t.c.hed away, so that they might reach G.o.d, but when Samael learned of this, he fettered Lahash with chains of fire and brought him before G.o.d, where he received sixty blows of fire and was expelled from the inner chamber of G.o.d because, contrary to G.o.d"s wish, he had attempted to aid Moses in the fulfillment of his desire. When Israel now saw how the angels dealt with their prayers, they went to Moses and said, "The angels will not let us pray for thee." [896]
When Moses saw that neither the world nor mankind could aid him, he betook himself to the Angel of the Face, to whom he said, "Pray for me, that G.o.d may take pity upon me, and that I may not die." But the angel replied: "Why, Moses, dost thou exert thyself in vain? Standing behind the curtain that is drawn before the Lord, I heard that thy prayer in this instance is not to be answered." Moses now laid his hand upon his head and wept bitterly, saying, "To whom shall I now go, that he might implore G.o.d"s mercy for me?"
G.o.d was now very angry with Moses because he would not resign himself to the doom that had been sealed, but His wrath vanished as soon as Moses spoke the words: "The Lord, the Lord, a G.o.d full of compa.s.sion and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy and truth; keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin." G.o.d now said kindly to Moses: "I have registered two vows, one that thou are to die, and the second that Israel is to perish. I cannot cancel both vows, if therefore thou choosest to live, Israel must be ruined." "Lord of the world!"
replied Moses, "Thou approachest me artfully; Thou seizest the rope at both ends, so that I myself must now say, "Rather shall Moses and a thousand of his kind perish, than a single soul out of Israel!" But will not all men exclaim, "Alas! The feet that trod the heavens, the face that beheld the Face of the Shekinah, and the hands that received the Torah, shall not be covered with dust!""
G.o.d replied: "Nay, the people will say: " If a man like Moses, who ascended into heaven, who was peer of the angels, with whom G.o.d spoke face to face, and to whom He gave the Torah - if such a man cannot justify himself before G.o.d, how much less can an ordinary mortal of flesh and blood, who appears before G.o.d without having done good deeds or studied the Torah, justify himself?" I want to know," He added, "why thou are so much aggrieved at thy impending death." Moses: "I am afraid of the sword of the Angel of Death." G.o.d: "If this is the reason then speak no more in this matter, for I will not deliver thee into his hand." Moses, however, would not yield, but furthermore said, "Shall my mother Jochebed, to whom my life brought so much grief, suffer sorrow after my death also?" G.o.d: "So was it in My mind even before I created the world, and so is the course of the world; every generation has its learned men, every generation has its leaders, every generation has its guides. Up to now it was thy duty to guide the people, but not the time it ripe for thy disciple Joshua to relieve thee of the office destined for him." [897]
MOSES SERVES JOSHUA
Moses now said to himself: "If G.o.d has determined that I may not enter the land of Israel, and I am thus to lose the reward for the many precepts that may be observed only in the Holy Land, for no other reason than because the time has come for my disciple Joshua to go to the front of Israel and lead them into the land, then were it better for me to remain alive, to enter the land, and relinquish to Joshua the leadership of the people." What now did Moses do? From the first day of Shebat to the sixth of Adar, the day before his death, he went and served Joshua from morning until evening, as a disciple his mater. These thirty-six days during which Moses served his former disciple corresponded to the equal number of years during which he had been served by Joshua.
The way in which Moses ministered to Joshua was as follows.
During the period he arose at midnight, went to Joshua"s door, opened it with a key, and taking a shirt from which he shook out the dust, laid it near to Joshua"s pillow. He then cleaned Joshua"s shoes and placed them beside the bed. Then he took his undergarment, his cloak, his turban, his golden helmet, and his crown of pearls, examined them to see if they were in good condition, cleaned and polished them, arranged them aright, and laid them on a golden chair. He then fetched a pitcher of water and a golden basin and placed them before the golden chair, so to wash himself. He then caused Joshua"s rooms, which he furnished like his own, to be swept and put into order, the ordered the golden throne to be brought in, which he covered with a linen and a woolen cloth, and with other beautiful and costly garments, as in the custom with kings. After all these preparations had been made, he bade the herald proclaim: "Moses stands at Joshua"s gate and announces that whosoever wishes to hear G.o.d"s word should betake himself to Joshua, for he, according to G.o.d"s word, is the leader of Israel."
When the people heard the herald, they trembled and shook, and pretended to have a headache, so that they might not have to go to Joshua. Every one of them said, in tears, "Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child!" But a voice from heaven resounded, crying, "When Israel was a child, then I loved him," and Earth, too, opened her mouth, and said, "I have been young, and now am old, yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken."
While the people refused to lend ear to the herald"s summons, the elders of Israel, the leaders of the troops, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of thousands, of hundreds, and of tens appeared at Joshua"s tent, and Moses a.s.signed to each his place according to his rank.
In the meantime approached the hour when Joshua was wont to arise, whereupon Moses entered his room and extended his hand to him. When Joshua saw that Moses served him, he was ashamed to have his master minister to him, and taking the shirt out of Moses"
hand, and dressing himself, trembling, he cast himself to Moses"
feet and said: "O my master, be not the cause wherefore I should die before half my time is done, owing to the sovereignty G.o.d has imposed upon me." But Moses replied: "Fear not, my son, thou sinnest not if thou are served by me. With the measure wherewith thou didst mete out to me, do I mete out to thee; as with a pleasant face thou didst serve me, so shall I serve thee. It was I that taught thee, "Love thy neighbor as thyself," and also, "Let thy pupil"s honor be as dear to thee as thine own."" Moses did not rest until Joshua seated himself upon the golden chair, and then Moses served Joshua, who still resisted, in every needful way. After he was through with all this, he laid upon Joshua, who still resisted, his rays of majesty, which he had received from his celestial teacher Zagzagel, scribe of the angels, at the close of his instruction in all the secrets of the Torah.
When Joshua was completely dressed and ready to go out, they reported to him and to Moses that all Israel awaited them. Moses thereupon laid his hand upon Joshua to lead him out of the tent, and quite against Joshua"s wish insisted upon giving precedence to him as they stepped forth. When Israel saw Joshua precede Moses, they all trembled, arose, and made room for these two to proceed to the place of the great, where stood the golden throne, upon which Moses seated Joshua against his will. All Israel burst into tears when they saw Joshua upon the golden throne, and he said amid tears, "why all this greatness and honor to me?" [898]
In this way did Moses spend the time from the first day of Shebat to the sixth of Adar, during which time he expounded the Torah to the sixty myriads of Israel in seventy languages.
THE LAST DAY OF MOSES" LIFE
On the seventh day of Adar, Moses knew that on this day he should have to die, for a heavenly voice resounded, saying, "Take heed to thyself, O Moses, for thou hast only one more day to live."
[899] What did Moses now do? On this day he wrote thirteen scrolls of the Torah, twelve for the twelve tribes, and one he put into the Holy Ark, so that, if they wished to falsify the Torah, the one in the Ark might remain untouched. Moses thought, "If I occupy myself with the Torah, which is the tree of life, this day will draw to a close, and the impending doom will be as naught."
G.o.d, however, beckoned to the sun, which firmly opposed itself to Moses, saying, "I will not set, so long as Moses lives." [900] When Moses had completed writing the scrolls of the Torah, not even half the day was over. He then bade the tribes come to him, and from his hand receive the scrolls of the Torah, admonishing the men and women separately to obey the Torah and its commands.
The most excellent among the thirteen scrolls was fetched by Gabriel, who brought it to the highest heavenly court to show the piety of Moses, who had fulfilled all that is written in the Torah.
Gabriel pa.s.sed with it through all the heavens, so that all might witness Moses" piety. It is this scroll of the Torah out of which the souls of the pious read on Monday and Thursday, as well as on the Sabbath and holy days.