[Pageheading: THE AUSTRIAN ULTIMATUM]
_Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _19th November 1855_.
The Queen has attentively perused the voluminous papers, which she now returns according to Lord Clarendon"s wish.
An anxious consideration of their contents has convinced her that it would be the height of impolicy if we were not to enter fairly and unreservedly into the French proposal, and she wishes Lord Clarendon to express this her opinion to the Cabinet.
The terms of the Austrian Ultimatum are clear and complete and very favourable to us, if accepted by Russia.[91] If refused, which they almost must be, rupture of diplomatic relations between Austria and Russia is a decided step gained by us, and will produce a state of things which can scarcely fail to lead them to war.
A refusal to entertain the proposal may induce and perhaps justify the Emperor of the French in backing out of the War, which would leave us in a miserable position.
If we are to agree to the Emperor"s wishes, it must be politic not to risk the advantage of the whole measure by a discussion with Austria upon minor points of detail, which will cost time, and may lead to differences.
[Footnote 91: The Queen and her Ministers, however, insisted that the neutralisation clause (the Third Point) should be made effective, not left illusory, and incorporated in the princ.i.p.al and not in a supplementary treaty. Modified in this and other particulars, an ultimatum embodying the Austrian proposals, which stipulated, _inter alia_, for the cession of a portion of Bessarabia, was despatched to St Petersburg on the 15th of December, and the 18th of January was fixed as the last day on which a reply would be accepted.]
_Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _22nd November 1855_.
The Queen informs Lord Hardinge that on speaking to Sir Colin Campbell yesterday, and informing him how much she wished that his valuable services should not be lost to her Army in the Crimea, he replied in the handsomest manner, that he would return immediately--"for that, if the Queen wished it, he was ready to serve under a Corporal"!
Conduct like this is very gratifying, and will only add to Sir Colin Campbell"s high name; but, as by Lord Hardinge"s and Lord Panmure"s advice, the Queen has obtained from him this _sacrifice_ of _his own_ feelings to _her_ wishes, _she_ feels personally bound _not_ to _permit_ him to be pa.s.sed over a _second_ time should the Command again become vacant.
The Queen has had a good deal of conversation with him, and from what he told her, as well as from what she has heard from others, there seems to be a good deal of laxity of discipline--particularly as regards the officers--in the Army in the Crimea; and she thinks Lord Hardinge should give an order to prevent so many officers coming home on leave except when _really ill_. The effect of this on the French is very bad, and the Prince had a letter only two days ago from the Prince of Prussia, saying that every one was shocked at the manner in which our officers came home, and that it lowered our Army very much in the eyes of foreign Armies, and generally decreased the sympathy for our troops. We deeply regret the death of poor General Markham.[92]
[Footnote 92: He commanded the 2nd Division of the Army at the attack on the Redan, and after the fall of Sebastopol, his health, already shattered, broke down completely; he returned home, and died on the 21st of November.]
[Pageheading: FRANCE AND AUSTRIA]
[Pageheading: THE NEUTRALISATION CLAUSE]
_Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _23rd November 1855_.
The Queen has received Lord Clarendon"s letter, and returns the very satisfactory enclosures from Lord Cowley. Count Walewski remains true to himself; yet the admission that the Neutralisation Clause ought to be part of the European treaty, and not an annex, which _he makes_, is the most important concession which we could desire. That the Sea of Azov is to be dropped the Queen is glad of, as it would appear so humiliating to Russia that Austria would probably decline proposing it. What the Queen is most afraid of, and what she believes actuates the Emperor also, is the consideration that Austria, made aware of the intense feeling for Peace _a tout prix_ in France, might get frightened at the good terms for us she meant to propose to Russia, and might long for an opportunity given by us, in any unreasonable demand for modification, to back out of her proposal altogether. Lord A. Loftus in his last letter states that Baron Manteuffel[93] even was afraid of having admitted as proper, terms too hard upon Russia, since peace is wanted at Paris.
The course intended to be pursued by Lord Clarendon in summing up the whole question in a public Despatch seems quite the right one, as it would never do, on the other hand, to let England be considered as merely _a la remorque_ of France, an impression unfortunately very prevalent on the Continent at this moment.[94]
As to Marshal Pelissier, the best thing the Emperor could do would be to recall him, and to put a younger and more enterprising man in his place. As we have got our hero coming home, his French colleague might be recalled also.
The Duke of Newcastle"s letter is very interesting; the Queen will return it this evening. It confirms the truth of the axiom that a _settled policy_ ought to precede a military plan of campaign, for which the Prince is always contending.
We have been much pleased with old Sir Colin Campbell, who is a thorough soldier, and appears not at all wanting in good sense. On asking him about our rising men, and the officer whom _he_ would point out as the one of most promise, he said that Colonel Mansfield[95] was without comparison the man from whom great services could be expected both in the Field and as an Administrator. Lord Clarendon will be pleased to hear this, but will also not be surprised if the Queen should look out for an opportunity to reclaim him for the Army from the Foreign Office.
[Footnote 93: President of the Prussian Ministry.]
[Footnote 94: Lord Clarendon, in the letter to which this was a reply, observed that he had asked Lord Cowley to inform Count Walewski that he would have to learn that England was a princ.i.p.al in the matter, and "not a political and diplomatic Contingent."]
[Footnote 95: He had distinguished himself in the first Sikh War, and was in 1855 Military Adviser to the British Amba.s.sador at Constantinople.]
_Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _24th November 1855_.
The Queen returns Lord Cowley"s letter and General Pelissier"s telegram. Lord Cowley is quite right in insisting upon a clear understanding between England and France before negotiations are entered into with Austria. To come to a speedy agreement, it will be wise to drop the minor points and _insist_ upon the most important.
These the Queen takes to be the incorporation of the _Neutralisation_ Clause in the general Treaty, and the promise on the part of Austria not to accept and communicate to us counter-proposals from Russia. If France agreed to this, we might agree to the rest of the arrangement.
General Pelissier"s plan has the advantage of setting us free, but deprives us of the Sardinians in the field, an object the French have kept steadily in view. The Duke of Cambridge will come down here to-night, and we may then hear more on the subject.
The Queen of the French has been taken dangerously ill at Genoa; the Duc d"Aumale and Prince de Joinville have been summoned by telegraph.
The Queen has asked the Foreign Office to telegraph to enquire after the Queen"s state.
[Pageheading: SIR WILLIAM CODRINGTON]
_Queen Victoria to Sir William Codrington._[96]
WINDSOR CASTLE, _26th November 1855_.
The first Despatches of Sir William Codrington, acknowledging his appointment to the Command of the Queen"s gallant Army in the East, having arrived, she will no longer delay writing herself to Sir William, to a.s.sure him of her support and confidence in his new, proud, and important, though at the same time difficult position.
She wishes to a.s.sure him of her confidence and support. It is with pleasure that she sees the son of her old friend and devoted servant, himself so distinguished in the sister Service, raised by his own merits to so exalted a position. Sir William knows the Queen"s pride in her beloved Troops, as well as her unceasing solicitude for their welfare and glory, and she trusts he will on all occasions express these feelings from herself personally.
The Queen feels certain that Sir William Codrington will learn, with great satisfaction, that that distinguished and gallant officer, Sir Colin Campbell, has most readily and handsomely complied with the Queen"s wishes that he should return to the Crimea and take command of the First Corps d"Armee. His presence and his a.s.sistance will be of essential service to Sir William Codrington, who, the Queen knows, entertains so high an opinion of him.
The Prince wishes his sincere congratulations and kind remembrance to be conveyed to Sir William Codrington.
The Queen would be glad if Sir William could--when he has leisure to do so--from time to time write to her himself, informing her of the state of her Army, and of affairs in the Crimea.