The Prime Minister would either have to take the management of all the departments into his own hands, and to be prepared to defend every item, for which he (Lord John) did not feel the moral and physical power, or he must succ.u.mb on those different points which the Opposition with divided labour could single out. Lord Palmerston"s conduct was the more reprehensible as he had asked him the day before about his objections to the Bill, and had (he thought) satisfied him that the four points upon which he had insisted were provided for in the Bill.
[Footnote 14: On the Militia Bill.]
He thought he could not (in answer to the Queen"s enquiry) dissolve Parliament, and that Lord Palmerston had no Party. But he supposed Lord Derby was prepared to form a Protection Government. This Government would pa.s.s the estimates and the Mutiny Bill, and would then have to proceed to a Dissolution. Lord John had merely seen Lord Lansdowne, who had approved of the course he meant to pursue, though afraid of the imputation that the Government had run away from the Caffre debate. He had summoned the Cabinet, and would report their resolution. Speaking of Lord Palmerston, Lord John said he had heard that Lord Palmerston had said that there was one thing between them which he could not forgive, and that was his reading the Queen"s Minute to the House of Commons.
At a quarter past four Lord John came back from the Cabinet, and formally tendered the resignations of himself and colleagues. The Cabinet had been unanimous that there was no other course to pursue, and that it would not be advisable to make use of the Queen"s permission to advise a Dissolution. Lord Granville had ascertained through Dr Quin from Lord Lyndhurst that Lord Derby was prepared with an Administration, having obtained Mr Thomas Baring"s consent to act as Leader of the House of Commons.
Sir Stratford Canning at Constantinople was supposed to be intended for the Foreign Office. Lord Lyndhurst said, though the materials were there, they were very bad ones, and it was a question whether they would stand long. He himself would keep out of place.
We advised Lord John to keep his Party well under discipline in Opposition, so that whilst there it did not commit errors which would become new difficulties for the future Government. He seemed disinclined for great exertions after the fatigues he had undergone these last years. He said he thought he would not go on with the Reform Bill out of office, as that was a measure which ought to be carried by a Government. If he had again to propose it, he would very likely alter it a little, reverting to his original plan of taking away one Member of the two returned by small boroughs, and giving their seats to some large towns, counties, and corporations like the Universities, etc.
Lord John defers taking his formal leave till a new Administration is formed.
ALBERT.
[Pageheading: LORD DERBY SUMMONED]
_Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _21st February 1852._
The Queen would wish to see Lord Derby at half-past two to-morrow should he be in Town; if not, on Monday at twelve o"clock.
_Memorandum by the Prince Albert._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _22nd February 1852._
... Lord Derby said that he could not command a majority in the House of Lords, that he was in a decided minority in the House of Commons, and thought that in the critical circ.u.mstances in which the country was placed both at home and abroad, he ought not to ask for a Dissolution. He must then try to strengthen himself particularly in the House of Commons by any means he could. There was one person whom he could not venture to propose for the Foreign Office on account of what had lately pa.s.sed, and what he might be allowed to call the "well-known personal feelings of the Queen"; but Lord Palmerston was one of the ablest debaters, and might well be offered the post of Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The Queen ... would not, by refusing her consent, throw additional difficulties in Lord Derby"s way; she warned him, however, of the dangerous qualities of [Lord Palmerston].
Lord Derby rejoined that he knew them, and thought them pernicious for the conduct of the Foreign Affairs, but at the Exchequer they would have less play; he himself would undertake to control him. His greatest indiscretion--that in the Kossuth affair--must have been with a view to form a Party; that if left excluded from office, he would become more dangerous, and might in fact force himself back at the head of a Party with a claim to the Foreign Office, whilst if he had ever accepted another Office, his pretensions might be considered as waived; he (Lord Derby) did not know in the least whether Lord Palmerston would accept, but in case he did not, the offer would propitiate him, and render the Government in the House of Commons more possible, as it would have anyhow all the talent of the late Government, Peelites and Radicals, to withstand.
To my question whether Lord Derby fancied he would remain Prime Minister any length of time, when once Lord Palmerston had got the lead of the House of Commons, he replied he was not afraid of him; he felt sure he could control him, although he would not have been able to admit him to the Foreign Office on account of the very strong strictures he had pa.s.sed upon his Foreign Policy at different times--even if the Queen had allowed it.
_The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria._
ST JAMES"S SQUARE, _22nd February 1852._ (_Half-past eight._)
Lord Derby, with his humble duty, deems it inc.u.mbent upon him to submit to your Majesty without delay that having had an interview this evening with Lord Palmerston, the latter has, although in the most friendly terms, declined accepting the Office, upon the ground of difference of opinion, not on the principle, but on the expediency of the imposition of any duty, under any circ.u.mstances, upon foreign corn. This was a point which Lord Derby was willing to have left undecided until the result of a General Election should be known.
Although this refusal may add materially to Lord Derby"s difficulties, he cannot regret that the offer has been made, as the proposal must have tended to diminish any feelings of hostility which might have been productive of future embarra.s.sment to your Majesty"s service, to whatever hands it may be entrusted....
The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty"s most dutiful Servant and Subject,
DERBY.
[Pageheading: LORD DERBY"S CABINET]
_Memorandum by the Prince Albert._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _23rd February 1852._
Lord Derby reported progress at half-past two, and submitted a list of the princ.i.p.al Officers of the Government which follows, and which the Queen approved.
The Queen allowed Lord Lyndhurst (who has declined office--has been Lord Chancellor three times, and now entered upon his eightieth year) to be offered an Earldom--which he very much desired for the position of his daughters, having no son.
After he had kissed hands upon his entering upon his office, Lord Derby had a further conversation with me on Household appointments. I told him he must now, as Prime Minister, consider himself to a certain degree in the position of the Confessor; that formerly the Lord Chancellor was Keeper of the King"s Conscience, the office might be considered to have descended on the Prime Minister. The Queen must then be able to confer with him on personal matters, or I, on her behalf, with the most entire confidence, and that she must be sure that nothing was divulged which pa.s.sed between them on these matters, and he might repose the same confidence in us. As to the formation of the Household, the Queen made two conditions, viz. that the persons to compose her Court should not be on the verge of bankruptcy, and that their moral character should bear investigation. On the Queen"s accession Lord Melbourne had been very careless in his appointments, and great harm had resulted to the Court therefrom. Since her marriage I had insisted upon a closer line being drawn, and though Lord Melbourne had declared "that that d.a.m.ned morality would undo us all,"
we had found great advantage in it and were determined to adhere to it....
ALBERT.
_Queen Victoria to the d.u.c.h.ess of Sutherland._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _23rd February 1852._
MY DEAREST d.u.c.h.eSS,--I cannot say _how deeply_ grieved I am to think that the event which has just occurred, and which Lord Derby"s acceptance of office has to-day confirmed, will entail your leaving, for a time, my service. It has been _ever_ a real pleasure to me to have you with me; my affection and esteem for you, my dearest d.u.c.h.ess, are great, and we _both_ know what a kind and true friend we have in you.
I think that I may rely on your returning to me on a future occasion whenever that may be, and that I shall frequently have the pleasure of seeing you, even when you are no longer attached to my person.
I shall hope to see you soon. The Levee remains fixed for Thursday, and the transfer of the Officers of the new Government does not take place till Friday.
With the Prince"s kindest remembrance, and ours to the Duke and Constance. Believe me always, yours affectionately,
VICTORIA R.
_Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _24th February 1852._