I therefore have to request you will lay my humble resignation of the office, which I have the honour to hold, before the Queen, with the expression of my grat.i.tude for Her Majesty"s kindness for many years.
I remain, my dear Lord Aberdeen, yours very truly,
J. RUSSELL.
[Pageheading: LORD JOHN RUSSELL RESIGNS]
_Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell._
WINDSOR CASTLE, 24th _January 1855._
The Queen has this moment received Lord John Russell"s letter and enclosure, and must express to him her surprise and concern at hearing so abruptly of his intention to desert her Government on the Motion of Mr Roebuck.
_Memorandum by the Prince Albert._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _25th January 1855._
Yesterday evening Lord Aberdeen came down here. He had heard that Lord John had written to the Queen, and she showed him the correspondence.
He then reported that Lord John"s letter to him had come without the slightest notice and warning, and whatever the cause for it might be, the object could only be to upset the Government. Upon receiving it, he had sent for the Duke of Newcastle and shown it to him. The Duke at once proposed, that as a sacrifice seemed to be required to appease the public for the want of success in the Crimea, he was quite ready to be that sacrifice, and entreated that Lord Aberdeen would put his office into the hands of Lord Palmerston, who possessed the confidence of the nation; Lord Aberdeen should propose this at once to the Cabinet, he himself would support the Government _out_ of office like _in_ office. Lord Aberdeen then went to Lord Palmerston to communicate to him what had happened, and ascertain his feelings. Lord Palmerston was disgusted at Lord John"s behaviour,[5] and did not consider himself the least bound to be guided by him; he admitted that somehow or other the Public had a notion that he would manage the War Department better than anybody else; as for himself, he did not expect to do it half so well as the Duke of Newcastle, but was prepared to try it, not to let the Government be dissolved, which at this moment would be a real calamity for the country.
[Footnote 5: Lord Palmerston wrote him a most scathing letter on the subject.]
The Cabinet met at two o"clock, and Lord Aberdeen laid the case before it. The Duke then made his proposal, and was followed by Lord Palmerston, who stated pretty much the same as he had done in the morning, upon which Sir George Grey said it did both the Duke and Lord Palmerston the highest honour, but he saw no possibility of resisting Mr Roebuck"s Motion without Lord John; Sir Charles Wood was of the same opinion. Lord Clarendon proposed that, as the Duke had given up his Department to Lord Palmerston, Lord John might be induced to remain; but this was at once rejected by Lord Aberdeen on the ground that they might be justified in sacrificing the Duke to the wishes of the Country, but they could not to Lord John, with any degree of honour. The upshot was, that the Whig Members of the Cabinet, not being inclined to carry on the Government (including Lord Lansdowne), they came to the unanimous determination to tender their resignations.
The Queen protested against this, as exposing her and the Country to the greatest peril, as it was impossible to change the Government at this moment without deranging the whole external policy in diplomacy and war, and there was n.o.body to whom the reins could be confided.
Lord Derby and his party would never have done, but now he had allied himself with Lord Ellenborough, who was determined to have the conduct of the war....
Lord Aberdeen thought yet, that on him[6] devolved the responsibility of replacing what he wantonly destroyed. The Queen insisted, however, that Lord Aberdeen should make one appeal to the Cabinet to stand by her, which he promised to do to the best of his ability, but without hope of success. The Cabinet will meet at twelve o"clock to-day, but at five the Ministers will have to announce their determination to the Houses of Parliament, as Mr Roebuck"s Motion stands for that hour.
ALBERT.
[Footnote 6: _I.e._, Lord John Russell.]
[Pageheading: LORD JOHN"S JUSTIFICATION]
_Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria._
CHESHAM PLACE, _25th January 1855._
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. He has received with deep regret the imputations of deserting the Government.
Lord John Russell, after being at the head of the Ministry for more than five years, and being then the leader of a great party, consented to serve under Lord Aberdeen, and served for more than a year and a half without office.
After sacrificing his position and his reputation for two years, he has come to the conclusion that it would not be for the benefit of the country to resist Mr Roebuck"s Motion. But it is clear that the enquiry he contemplates could not be carried on without so weakening the authority of the Government that it could not usefully go on.
In these circ.u.mstances Lord John Russell has pursued the course which he believes to be for the public benefit.
With the most sincere respect for Lord Aberdeen, he felt he could not abandon his sincere convictions in order to maintain the Administration in office.
It is the cause of much pain to him that, after sacrificing his position in order to secure your Majesty"s service from interruption, he should not have obtained your Majesty"s approbation.
_Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _25th January 1855._
The Queen has received Lord John Russell"s letter of to-day in explanation of his resignation. She has done full justice to the high-minded and disinterested manner in which Lord John sacrificed two years ago his position as former Prime Minister and as Leader of a great party, in consenting to serve under Lord Aberdeen, and hopes she has sufficiently expressed this to him at the time. He will since have found a further proof of her desire to do anything which could be agreeable to him in his position, by cheerfully agreeing to all the various changes of offices which he has at different times wished for. If Lord John will consider, however, the moment which he has now chosen to leave her Government, and the abrupt way in which his unexpected intention of agreeing in a vote implying censure of the Government was announced to her, he cannot be surprised that she could not express her approbation.
[Pageheading: LORD JOHN"S INDIGNATION]
_Memorandum by Queen Victoria._
WINDSOR CASTLE, _25th January 1855._
Lord Aberdeen arrived at six o"clock to report the result of the meeting of the Cabinet, which was so far satisfactory that they agreed upon retaining office at present for the purpose of meeting Mr Roebuck"s Motion. They expect (most of them, at least) to be beat and to have to resign, but they think it more honourable to be driven out than to run away. They will meet Parliament therefore without making any changes in the offices. Lord Aberdeen and the Duke of Newcastle fancy even that they will have a chance of defeating Mr Roebuck"s Motion. Sir George Grey has declared, however, that, perfectly willing as he is not to desert his post at this moment, he will consider himself at liberty to resign even after success, as he thinks the Government has no chance of standing with Lord John in Opposition.
The other Whigs would in that case very likely do the same, and the Government come to an end in this way; but it is not impossible that Sir George Grey may be prevailed upon by the Queen to stay. Much must depend upon the nature of the Debate.
Lord Aberdeen seems to have put the Queen"s desire that the Cabinet should reconsider their former decision in the strongest words, which seems to have brought about the present result. He saw Lord John this morning who, though personally civil towards himself, was very much excited and very angry at a letter which he had received from the Queen. He said he would certainly vote with Mr Roebuck. The Houses are to be adjourned to-day, and the whole discussion comes on to-morrow.
Lord Aberdeen brought a copy of a letter Lord Palmerston had written to Lord John. The Peelites in the Cabinet, viz. the Dukes of Newcastle and Argyll, Sir J. Graham, Mr Gladstone, and Mr S. Herbert, seem to be very bitter against Lord John, and determined to oppose him should he form a Government, whilst they would be willing to support a Derby Government.
VICTORIA R.
_Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria._
CHESHAM PLACE, _26th January 1855._
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and is very grateful for your Majesty"s communication of yesterday.
He confesses his resignation was very abrupt, but it is the consequence of many previous discussions in which his advice had been rejected or overruled.