[Pageheading: THE GENERAL ELECTION]
_Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _24th March 1857_.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--... The Opposition have played their game most foolishly, and the result is that _all_ the old Tories say they will certainly _not_ support them; they very truly say Lord Derby"s party--that is those who want to get into office _coute que coute_--whether the country suffers for it or not, wanted to get in under _false colours_, and that they won"t support or abide--which they are _quite_ right in. There is reason to hope that a better cla.s.s of men will be returned, and returned to support the Government, not a particular cry of this or that.... Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.[14]
[Footnote 14: In his address to the electors of Tiverton, the Premier declared that "an insolent barbarian, wielding authority at Canton, had violated the British flag, broken the engagements of treaties, offered rewards for the heads of British subjects in that part of China, and planned their destruction by murder, a.s.sa.s.sination, and poison." The courage and good temper displayed by Lord Palmerston, and the energy with which he had carried the country through the Crimean struggle, had won him widespread popularity, and the Peace party were generally routed, the prominent members all losing their seats. The Peelite ranks were also thinned, but Lord John Russell, contrary to general expectation, held his seat in the City. There were one hundred and eighty-nine new members returned, and the Ministry found themselves in command of a handsome majority.]
_Earl Granville to Queen Victoria._
[_Undated._ ? _19th May 1857._]
Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to submit that the Lord Chancellor made the best statement he has yet done, introducing his Divorce Bill.[15]... Lord Lyndhurst made a most able speech in favour of the Bill, but wished it to go further, and give permission to a woman to sue for a divorce if she was "maliciously deserted" by her husband.... The Bishop of Oxford pretended that he was not going to speak at all, in order to secure his following instead of preceding the Bishop of London; but upon a division being called he was obliged to speak, and did so with considerable force and eloquence, but betraying the greatest possible preparation. The Bishop of London, after showing that the Bishop of Oxford"s speech was a repet.i.tion of Mr Keble"s speech, made an excellent answer. The Debate was finished by the Duke of Argyll.
For the Bill, 47. Against it, 18.
[Footnote 15: Before this date a divorce could only be obtained in England by Act of Parliament, after sentence in the ecclesiastical Court, and (in the case of a husband"s application) a verdict in _crim. con._ against the adulterer.
The present English law was established by the Bill of 1857, the chief amendment made in Committee being the provision exempting the clergy from the obligation to marry divorced persons. Bishop Wilberforce opposed the Bill strenuously, while Archbishop Sumner and Bishop Tait of London supported it. Sir Richard Beth.e.l.l, the Attorney-General, piloted the measure most skilfully through the Commons, in the teeth of the eloquent and persistent opposition of Mr Gladstone, who, to quote a letter from Lord Palmerston to the Queen, opposed the second reading "in a speech of two hours and a half, fluent, eloquent, brilliant, full of theological learning and scriptural research, but fallacious in argument, and with parts inconsistent with each other."]
[Pageheading: THE FRENCH _ENTENTE_]
[Pageheading: THE EMPEROR"S VISIT]
_The Earl of Clarendon to the Prince Albert._
_20th May 1857._
SIR,--I have the honour to inform your Royal Highness that I have had a very long and interesting conversation with M. de Persigny to-day.
He told me of the different _Utopias_ which the Emperor had in his head, of His Majesty"s conviction that England, France, and Russia ought between them to _regler les affaires de l"Europe_, of the _peu de cas_ which he made of Austria or any other Power, and of the various little complaints which His Majesty thought he had against Her Majesty"s Government, and which had been magnified into importance by the malevolence or the stupidity of the persons who had more or less the ear of the Emperor.[16]
M. de Persigny told me also that in a conversation with the Emperor at which he had taken care that Count Walewski should be present, he had solemnly warned the Emperor of the danger he would incur if he swerved the least from the path of his true interest which was the English Alliance, that all the Sovereigns who were flattering and cajoling him for their own purposes looked down upon him as an adventurer, and no more believed in the stability of his throne, or the duration of his dynasty, than they did in any other events of which extreme improbability was the character; whereas the English, who never condescended to flatter or cajole anybody, but who looked to the interests of England, were attached to the French Alliance and to the Sovereign of France because peaceful relations with that country were of the utmost importance to England. France was the only country in Europe that could do England harm, and on the other hand England was the only country that could injure France--the late war with Russia had not the slightest effect upon France except costing her money, but a war with England would set every party in France into activity each with its own peculiar objects, but all of them against the existing order of things--_l"ordre social serait bouleverse_ and the Empire might perish in the convulsion.
The result of this and other conversations appears to be an earnest desire of the Emperor to come to England on a private visit to the Queen, if possible at Osborne, and at any time that might be convenient to Her Majesty. M. de Persigny describes him as being intent upon this project, and as attaching the utmost importance to it in order to _eclairer_ his own ideas, to guide his policy, and to prevent by personal communication with the Queen, your Royal Highness, and Her Majesty"s Government the dissidences and _mesintelligences_ which the Emperor thinks will arise from the want of such communications.
I fear that such a visit would not be very agreeable to Her Majesty, but in the Emperor"s present frame of mind, and his evident alarm lest it should be thought that the Alliance has been in any way _ebranlee_, I cannot entertain a doubt that much good might be done, or, at all events, that much mischief might be averted by the Emperor being allowed to pay his respects to Her Majesty in the manner he proposes.
I have discussed the matter after the Cabinet this evening with Lord Palmerston, who takes entirely the same view of the matter as I have taken the liberty of expressing to your Royal Highness. I have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, Sir, your Royal Highness"s most faithful and devoted Servant,
CLARENDON.
[Footnote 16: A difference had arisen as to the future of the Princ.i.p.alities--France, Sardinia, and Russia favouring their union, while England, Austria, and Turkey held that a single state, so formed, might become too Russian in its sympathies.]
_The Prince Albert to the Earl of Clarendon._
OSBORNE, _21st May 1857_.
MY DEAR LORD CLARENDON,--I have shown your letter to the Queen, who wishes me to say in answer to it that she will, of course, be ready to do what may appear best for the public interest. We shall, therefore, be ready to receive the Emperor, with or without the Empress, here at Osborne in the quiet way which he proposes. The present moment would, however, hardly do, Drawing-rooms and parties being announced in London, Parliament sitting, and the Season going on and the Queen having only a few days from the Grand Duke"s visit to her return to Town. The latter half of July, the time at which the Queen would naturally be here and the best yachting season, might appear to the Emperor the most eligible, as being the least _force_.
Till then a cottage which is rebuilding will, we hope, be ready to accommodate some of the suite, whom we could otherwise not properly house.
I have no doubt that good will arise from a renewed intercourse with the Emperor; the only thing one may perhaps be afraid of is the possibility of his wishing to gain us over to his views with regard to a redistribution of Europe, and may be disappointed at our not being able to a.s.sent to his plans and aspirations.
ALBERT.[17]
[Footnote 17: See _post_, 4th August, 1857, note 30.]
_Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _16th June 1857_.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--The christening of little Beatrice[18] is just over--and was very brilliant and nice. We had the luncheon in the fine ball-room, which looked very handsome. The Archduke Maximilian (who is here since Sunday evening) led me to the chapel, and at the luncheon I sat between him and Fritz. I cannot say how much we like the Archduke; he is charming, so clever, natural, kind and amiable, so _English_ in his feelings and likings, and so anxious for the best understanding between Austria and England. With the exception of his mouth and chin, he is good-looking; and I think one does not the least care for that, as he is so very kind and clever and pleasant. I wish you really joy, dearest Uncle, at having got _such_ a husband for dear Charlotte, as I am sure he will make her happy, and is quite worthy of her. He may, and will do a great deal for Italy.[19]...
I must conclude for to-day, hoping soon to hear from you again. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 18: Princess Beatrice (now Princess Henry of Battenberg) was born on the 14th of April.]
[Footnote 19: The tragic end of a union which promised so brightly came in 1867, when the Archduke Maximilian, having accepted the Imperial crown of Mexico, offered to him by the Provisional Government, was shot by order of President Juarez.
The Empress Charlotte had come to Europe a year earlier to seek help for her husband from the French Emperor. In consequence of the shock caused by the failure of her mission, her health entirely gave way.]
[Pageheading: THE INDIAN MUTINY]
_Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria._
PICCADILLY, _26th June 1857_.
... Viscount Palmerston is sorry to have received the accompanying account of the extension of the Mutiny among the native troops in India, but he has no fear of its results.[20] The bulk of the European force is stationed on the North-West Frontier, and is, therefore, within comparatively easy reach of Delhi, and about six thousand European troops will have returned to Bombay from Persia. It will, however, seem to be advisable to send off at once the force amounting to nearly eight thousand men, now under orders for embarkation for India; and when the despatches arrive, which will be about the middle of next week, it will be seen whether any further reinforcements will be required.