p. 188).]
_The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria._
ST JAMES"S SQUARE, _10th June 1859_.
Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty that the tone of the Government Agents in the House of Commons is less sanguine to-day than it was yesterday with regard to the issue of the Debate to-night. There are no actual changes announced of votes, but the tone of the Opposition is more confident; and when an opinion begins to prevail that the Government are likely to be in a minority, it often realises itself by the effect which it produces on waverers and lukewarm supporters. The Division will certainly take place to-night; and, without absolutely antic.i.p.ating failure, Lord Derby cannot conceal from your Majesty that he considers the situation very critical. Mr Gladstone expressed privately his opinion last night that, even if successful on the present occasion, the Government could not possibly go on, which does not look like an intention, on the part of the Liberal Party, of considering the present division as decisive.[47]...
[Footnote 47: The rest of the letter relates to the distribution of honours to the outgoing Ministers.]
_Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria._
HOUSE OF COMMONS, _11th June 1859_.
(_Sat.u.r.day morning, half-past two o"clock._)
The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to your Majesty:
For the Amendment 323 For the Address 310 --- Majority against your Majesty"s servants 13 ---
[Pageheading: THE MINISTRY DEFEATED]
_Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _11th June 1859_.
The Queen was very much grieved to receive Mr Disraeli"s report of the division of yesterday, although she was fully prepared for this event.
She did not answer Lord Derby"s letter of yesterday in order not to antic.i.p.ate it. Now that the fate of the Government is decided, she is prepared to grant those favours and acknowledgments of service for which Lord Derby asked in his letter. The Queen _could_ not reconcile it with her own feelings, however, were she to omit this opportunity, when Lord Derby for the second time resigns the post of her Prime Minister, of giving to him personally a public mark of her approbation of his services. The Queen therefore asks him to accept the Garter from her hands.
As the Queen holds a Drawing-room to-day, and receives the City Address after it, Lord Derby will be aware how little time she has this morning (being naturally anxious to have some conversation with him with as little delay as possible); she would ask him to come here either at half-past eleven or half-past twelve o"clock.
_The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria._
ST JAMES"S SQUARE, _11th June 1859_.
Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty the expression of his deep grat.i.tude for your Majesty"s most gracious note this moment received, and for the terms in which your Majesty has been pleased to speak of his very imperfect services. He gratefully accepts the honour which your Majesty has been pleased to confer upon him as a mark of your Majesty"s personal favour. As a Minister, he could never have advised your Majesty to bestow it upon him, and he could not have accepted it on the recommendation of any Government to which he was politically opposed; but as a spontaneous act of your Majesty, it acquires in his eyes a value which nothing else could have given to it. Lord Derby is this moment going down to the Cabinet, as a matter of form, and will obey your Majesty"s commands as soon as possible after half-past eleven, when he will have an opportunity of expressing in person his deep sense of your Majesty"s goodness, and his entire devotedness, in whatever situation he may be placed, to your Majesty"s service.
[Pageheading: LORD GRANVILLE SUMMONED]
_Memorandum by Earl Granville._
[_Undated. 11th June 1859._]
I waited at four o"clock this afternoon[48] upon the Queen by Her Majesty"s gracious commands. The Queen was pleased to remark upon the importance of the present crisis. Her Majesty informed me that Lord Derby had resigned, and that she had sent for me to desire that I should attempt to form another Administration, which Her Majesty wished should be strong and comprehensive. I respectfully a.s.sured the Queen that Her Majesty"s commands came upon me by surprise; that at any time I felt my own insufficiency for such a post, and that at this time there were special difficulties; that I believed the only two persons who could form a strong Liberal Government were either Lord Palmerston or Lord John Russell; and that, although it had sometimes happened that two statesmen of equal pretensions preferred having a nominal chief to serving under one another, I did not believe that this was the case now. I said that I had reason to believe that Lords Palmerston and John Russell were ready to co-operate with one another, while I doubted whether either would consent to serve under a younger man of such small pretensions as myself.
The Queen in reply informed me that her first thoughts had been turned to Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell, that they had both served her long and faithfully, and that Her Majesty felt it to be an invidious task to select one of the two. Her Majesty was also of opinion that as different sections of the Liberal Party were more or less represented by each, it might be more easy for the Party to act together under a third person. Her Majesty added that she had selected me as the Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, and a person in whom both Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell had been in the habit of placing confidence, and she expressed her confident hope that their attachment to herself would induce them to yield that a.s.sistance without which it would be difficult to form a strong and comprehensive Government.
I proceeded to state some of the most salient difficulties of the task, and asked Her Majesty"s permission to ascertain by negotiation what it would be possible to do.
Her Majesty informed me that Her Majesty"s experience of former changes of administration had taught her that the construction of an administration had failed when the person entrusted with the task had acted merely as a negotiator, and that the success of other attempts had been owing to the acceptance of the charge by the person for whom she had sent. Her Majesty laid Her Majesty"s commands upon me to make the attempt, and I had the honour of conveying two letters from Her Majesty to Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell, stating that Her Majesty relied upon their a.s.sistance.
[Footnote 48: The 11th of June.]
[Pageheading: THE RIVAL LEADERS]
_Queen Victoria to_ {_Viscount Palmerston._ {_Lord John Russell._
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, _11th June 1859_.
The Queen gives these lines to Lord Granville, whom she has entrusted with the task of forming an administration on the resignation of Lord Derby. She has selected him as the Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords. She feels that it is of the greatest importance that both Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell should lend their services to the Crown and country in the present anxious circ.u.mstances, and thought at the same time that they might do so most agreeably to their own feelings by acting under a third person. They having both served the Queen long and faithfully as her First Minister, she must not conceal from Lord Palmerston (John Russell) that it is a great relief to her feelings not to have to make the choice of one of them, and she trusts that they will feel no difficulty to co-operate with one in whom they have both been in the habit of placing confidence. From the long experience the Queen has had of Lord Palmerston"s (John Russell"s) loyal attachment to her and the service of the Crown, she feels confident she may rely on Lord Palmerston"s (John Russell"s) hearty a.s.sistance.[49]
[Footnote 49: In reply, Lord Palmerston (in a letter printed in Ashley"s _Life of Lord Palmerston_, vol. ii. p. 155) accepted his responsibility for uniting with others to overthrow the Derby Ministry, and undertook to serve under either Lord John Russell or Lord Granville, but stipulated that any Government he joined must be an efficient and representative one.]
[Pageheading: LORD GRANVILLE UNSUCCESSFUL]
_Earl Granville to Queen Victoria._
BRUTON STREET, _12th June 1859_.
(2 A.M.)
Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to submit that he saw Lord Palmerston immediately after he had left Buckingham Palace. Lord Granville stated what had pa.s.sed there, omitting any reference to your Majesty"s objection to the effect likely to be produced on the Continent by Lord Palmerston"s name, if he had the direction of the Foreign Affairs. Nothing could be more frank and cordial than Lord Palmerston"s manner. He agreed to lead the House of Commons; he said that he had certainly antic.i.p.ated that your Majesty would have sent for either Lord John or himself, but having taken a part in the defeat of the present Government, he felt bound to put aside any personal objects, and co-operate with me; and that there was no person whom he should prefer or even like as much as myself. He added that his co-operation must depend upon my being able to form a strong Government. Lord Granville then saw Lord John Russell, and had a very long conversation with him. Lord John had no objection to serving under Lord Granville, but thought that he could not give effect to his political views unless he was either Prime Minister or Leader of the House of Commons, and he doubted whether he had confidence in any one but Lord Palmerston for the Foreign Office. Lord Granville again saw Lord Palmerston, who informed him that if he had been sent for, he should have objected to go to the House of Lords, and that he could not now give up the lead of the House of Commons (which Lord Granville had already proposed to him to retain) to Lord John. This answer rendered it unnecessary for Lord Granville to allude to the objections to his holding the Foreign Office. Lord Granville has seen Lord Clarendon, who acted up to the full spirit of your Majesty"s letter, but deprecates strongly the attempt to form a Government without Lord John Russell. Sir George Grey is of the same opinion. Sir George Lewis, Mr Herbert, and Mr Gladstone think every effort should be made to secure Lord John, but that it would not be impossible to form a Government without him. Mr Milner Gibson, with whom Lord Granville had a more reserved conversation, considered it a _sine qua non_ condition of support from the Liberal Party below the gangway, that Lord John should be a member of the Government. Lord Granville thinks that in his third interview with Lord Palmerston he observed more dissatisfaction at not being sent for by your Majesty.
Lord Palmerston suggested that Lord John"s absence from the Government would make it more difficult for a Leader of the House, who was not Prime Minister, to hold his position.
Lord Granville has written to Lord John asking for a final answer before he informs your Majesty, whether he is able to attempt the task which your Majesty has with so much kindness and indulgence laid upon him.[50]
[Footnote 50: This letter, and Lord John"s reply declining to occupy only the third office in the State, and expressing his anxiety for adequate security in the handling of Foreign Affairs and Reform, are printed in Walpole"s _Life of Lord John Russell_, vol. ii. chap. xxvii.