WINDSOR CASTLE, _11th February 1860_.
The Queen acknowledges the receipt of Lord Palmerston"s two letters of yesterday evening. She willingly accepts Lord John Russell"s expressions of regret, and certainly was led to read that one pa.s.sage which Lord Palmerston explains in the sense which he supposed.
The Queen has received the draft to Lord Cowley, and has written her observations upon it to Lord John, who will communicate them to him.
She thinks that the omissions which she has pointed out can be very well supplied consistently with that international courtesy which Lord Palmerston truly says ought to be observed.[11]
[Footnote 11: In this despatch, Lord John wrote that the Government could not believe that a country in the circ.u.mstances of France could be endangered by the existence, "on the other side of the Alps, of a State of 11,000,000 of people lately joined by a cement not yet dry, threatened, on the side of Lombardy, by Austria, and not very certain of its own independence."]
_Earl Granville to the Prince Albert._
BRIGHTON, _11th February 1860_.
SIR,--Lord John produced before the Cabinet his draft of despatch in answer to M. Thouvenel. He read, without allusion to the previous correspondence, the Queen"s Memorandum on his draft.
Lord Palmerston supported Lord John, who was fidgety and nervous. We all criticised the draft. We thought it too much or too little. We recommended that he should either write shortly, saying that he did not acquiesce in M. Thouvenel"s arguments, but as the French Government did not consider the question as now in existence, and promised that it should not be revised without the consent of Savoy, and consultation with the Great Powers, if the Government would reserve what they had to say on a question of such immense European importance--or going into the subject he should state the whole argument and objections of the Government to the scheme.
We thought the historical reminiscences offensive to France, while the language of the despatch was not sufficiently firm to satisfy what was expected from the Government. We warned him that in this case public opinion would be at least as critical as the Queen.
Lord John gave us to understand that he would alter his draft, but I do not feel any security that it will be done in a satisfactory manner.
I am, Sir, with the greatest respect, your Royal Highness"s obedient, humble, and faithful servant,
GRANVILLE.
[Pageheading: LORD COWLEY AND THE EMPEROR]
_Earl Cowley to Lord John Russell._ (_Submitted to the Queen._)
PARIS, _7th March 1860_.
MY DEAR LORD JOHN,--I send a messenger this evening, in order that you may not hear from any one else of the pa.s.sage of arms which took place between the Emperor and myself yesterday evening. You will find the account of it in the enclosed despatch. The more I reflect on it, the less I think that I could pa.s.s over the Emperor"s conduct and language without notice. His tone and manner were really offensive, and if I had let them pa.s.s unheeded might have been repeated on another occasion. I must say that nothing could have been more friendly than His Majesty"s bearing after I had spoken to him. He was profuse in his excuses, and the Empress told me later in the evening that he was _desole_--"qu"il s"etait laisse entrainer par un mouvement d"humeur,"
etc. I, of course, said that I should think no more about it.
One good thing has been gained by it, that the Emperor has declared that he does not mean to act in defiance of the opinion of the Great Powers....
I wish that I had not this disagreeable history to trouble you with, but do not attach greater importance to it than it merits. I look upon it as at an end.
COWLEY.
[Pageheading: LORD COWLEY AND THE EMPEROR]
[Pageheading: LORD COWLEY"S REMONSTRANCE]
[Pageheading: THE EMPEROR"S _AMENDE_]
[_Enclosure._]
_Earl Cowley to Lord John Russell._ (_Submitted to the Queen._)
PARIS, _7th March 1860_.
MY LORD,--It is with extreme regret that I call your Lordship"s attention to the following occurrence.
There was a concert last night at the Tuileries, to which the Chiefs of the Diplomatic Body were invited. On these occasions seats are a.s.signed to the Amba.s.sadors according to their accidental rank, and I was placed between the Nuntio and the Russian Amba.s.sador. It is customary for the Emperor, during the interval between the two parts of the concert, to say a few words to each of the Amba.s.sadors individually, and it is obvious that what His Majesty says to one may easily be overheard by that one"s immediate neighbours.
Yesterday evening the Emperor, after saying a few words of no importance to the Nuntio, addressed himself to me in a manner and tone very unusual with him, animadverting upon the hostile sentiments evinced towards him in the English Parliament and Press.[12] "Wishing to avoid a discussion, I merely observed that I regretted that matters should be in such a state, but that His Majesty must be aware that there was quite as great irritation on this side the water. The Emperor enquired sharply whether this was to be wondered at, considering the terms and imputations applied to himself, and to the French nation, in England? They were only defending themselves against unfair attacks, His Majesty said. It was really too bad, he continued; he had done all in his power to maintain a good understanding with England, but the conduct of England rendered it impossible. What had England to do with Savoy? And why was she not to be satisfied with the declaration that His Majesty had made to me, that he had no intention to annex Savoy to France without having previously obtained the consent of the Great Powers.
"Pardon me, Sire," I said, "for interrupting your Majesty, but it is just what you did not say. Had you permitted me to convey that a.s.surance to Her Majesty"s Government, I will answer for it that all those interpellations in Parliament would long since have ceased, and that Her Majesty"s Government and the country would at all events have awaited the decision at which the Great Powers might have arrived."
"But I told you," continued the Emperor, "that I would consult the Great Powers."
"Yes, Sire," I replied, "but your Majesty did not add that you would abide by their decision."
This conversation had taken place, not only within the hearing of the Russian Amba.s.sador, but the Emperor"s remarks were addressed almost as much to my colleague as to myself. Turning then entirely towards General Kisseleff, the Emperor continued: "The conduct of England is inexplicable. I have done all in my power to keep on the best terms with her; but I am at my wits" end _(je n"en puis plus)._ What," His Majesty exclaimed again, "has England to do with Savoy? What would have been the consequence if, when she took possession of the Island of Perim[13] for the safety of her Eastern dominions, I had raised the same objections that she has now raised to the annexation of Savoy, which I want as much for the safety of France?"
His Majesty continued to speak for a few seconds in the same strain, and I felt my position to be most awkward. With the remembrance of His Majesty"s intemperate words to M. de Hubner on New Year"s Day, 1859,[14] in my mind, I did not like to leave unnoticed observations of the tendency I have mentioned. At the same time I had to bear in mind that I was not present on an official occasion, but that I was the Emperor"s guest, and that it would not be right to continue a discussion in the presence of others. These thoughts pa.s.sed rapidly through my mind, and I determined to be guided by a night"s reflection in taking any further step in this matter. What that reflection might have produced I cannot say, but circ.u.mstances led to more immediate explanations.
As the Emperor moved on, the circle in which we were standing was not strictly kept, and after a few minutes I found myself standing a little in front, in the open s.p.a.ce round which the circle was formed.
The Emperor again accosted me, and was beginning in the same strain, when I ventured to interrupt His Majesty and to tell him that I considered myself justified in calling his attention to the unusual course he had adopted, in indulging, in presence of the Russian Amba.s.sador, in his animadversions on the conduct of England. That His Majesty, if he had, or thought he had, any cause for remonstrance or blame with regard to England, should address himself to me, was not only natural, but would be a course which I should always beg him to take, because free discussion was the best remedy for pent-up feeling.
I should answer as best I could, and endeavour to convince His Majesty when I thought him wrong. Or if His Majesty considered it right to complain of the conduct of England to the Russian Amba.s.sador, I had no desire to interfere, provided it was not done in my presence; but what I could not approve, or consider compatible with my own dignity, or that of the Government which I represented, was that complaints respecting England should be addressed to me in the hearing of the Russian Amba.s.sador, and to the Russian Amba.s.sador in my hearing.
Leaving then this official tone, I added that, considering the long and intimate relations which His Majesty had been graciously pleased to permit should exist between himself and me, and knowing, as he did, the personal attachment which I bore him, and the anxiety which I had ever manifested to smooth difficulties and prevent misunderstandings between the two Governments, in doing which I had perhaps exposed myself to the suspicion of being more French than I ought to be, I had not expected to have been addressed, as I had been, in the presence of the Russian Amba.s.sador, or to have heard words addressed to that Amba.s.sador complaining of the sentiments of the English nation.
The Emperor frequently interrupted me, expressing his great regret at what had occurred. He could a.s.sure me, His Majesty said, that he had spoken without any bad intention--that he had just read what had occurred in Parliament the night before, and that he had been greatly hurt at the strictures pa.s.sed upon his conduct; I must recollect further that he had not spoken of the Government, but of those who attacked him. Again, His Majesty begged me to think no more of the matter, repeating the a.s.surance that he had spoken without intention.
In the course of this second conversation the Emperor again asked, but in a very different tone, why England had taken up the question of Savoy which so little regarded her. Had it been Prussia or one of the Continental Powers, His Majesty could have understood it, but not a word of remonstrance had proceeded from any one of them. I replied that I did not think the Emperor could rely on that silence as indicating approbation, but at all events, I said, the position of Her Majesty"s Government was very different from that of the other powers.
How was it possible, I asked, for Her Majesty"s Government to remain silent in presence of the interpellations respecting Savoy which were, night after night, put to them? And if His Majesty enquired why these interpellations were put, I would answer him that, if my judgment was correct, it was not so much on account of the actual plan of annexing Savoy, as on account of the circ.u.mstances connected with the whole transaction. They were, in fact, interpellations of mistrust. And how, I asked, could it be otherwise? What could the English people think on its transpiring that in spite of His Majesty"s declarations, both before and during the war, that in going to war he meditated no special advantages for France, overtures had positively been made months before, to Sardinia, for the eventual cession of Savoy; why had not His Majesty told us fairly, in commencing this war, that if, by the results of the war, the territory of Sardinia should be greatly augmented, he might be obliged, in deference to public opinion in France, to ask for some territorial advantage? Such a declaration, although it might have rendered the British Government still more anxious to prevent the war, would have hindered all the manifestation of public opinion which is now taking place.
The Emperor seemed to feel the weight of these observations, and he ended the conversation by saying, that if this question of Savoy should go further, he had pledged himself to consult the Great Powers, and that he need hardly add that if their opinion should be unfavourable to his wishes, it would have great weight with him.
"It is not likely," said His Majesty, "that I should act against the advice of Europe."
I end, my Lord, as I commenced, in regretting this occurrence. I could have wished that the Emperor had not spoken to me a second time yesterday, and that I had had a little time for reflection. I feel that I spoke to His Majesty under considerable emotion, caused by the tone and manner which he had adopted; but I am certain that not a word escaped me which was not respectful to himself. To have pa.s.sed the matter over, would, in my judgment, have been a fault, but on the whole I should have preferred conveying impressions to His Majesty through M. Thouvenel. I earnestly trust, however, that Her Majesty"s Government will view my conduct in a favourable light.
It is but justice to my Russian colleague to state that nothing could have been in better taste than his remarks in answer to the Emperor"s observations to him. I have told General Kisseleff this morning that having had an opportunity to do so, I had expressed to the Emperor the opinion that it would have been better had His Majesty avoided irritating topics concerning England in the presence of another foreign representative. It is not my intention to open my lips on the subject to any one else.
COWLEY.
[Footnote 12: The annexation of Savoy had been debated in the House of Commons, and Mr Bright had expressed his readiness that Savoy should rather perish than that England should interfere in a matter in which she had no concern. He was sharply censured by Lord John Manners.]