CARLTON TERRACE, _1st February 1841._
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and in submitting this letter from Earl Granville, which coupled with the despatches from Sir Robert Stopford virtually show that the Turkish Question is brought to a close, begs most humbly to congratulate your Majesty upon this rapid and peaceful settlement of a matter which at different periods has a.s.sumed appearances so threatening to the peace of Europe.[3]
[Footnote 3: See _ante_, pp. 252, 254.
(Ch. IX, Footnote 58; Intro. Note to Ch. X)]
[Pageheading: ILLNESS OF DUKE OF WELLINGTON]
_Viscount Melbourne to Queen Victoria._
_2nd February 1841._
Lord Melbourne presents his humble duty to your Majesty. Lord Melbourne will be happy to wait upon your Majesty on Thursday, Sat.u.r.day and Sunday, but he finds that there is to be a Cabinet dinner to-morrow.
Lord Melbourne will speak to Lord Palmerston about Lord John Russell.
Lord Melbourne does not see the name of the Archbishop of Canterbury as a subscriber to this "Parker" Society, and if your Majesty will give him leave, he will ask him about it before he gives your Majesty an answer. It is in some degree a party measure, and levelled against these new Oxford doctrines. The proposal is to republish the works of the older divines up to the time of the death of Queen Elizabeth. Up to that period the doctrines of the Church of England were decidedly Calvinistic. During the reign of James II.,[4] and particularly after the Synod of Dort (1618-1619), the English clergy very generally adopted _Arminian_ opinions.
It is proposed to republish the works of the divines who wrote during the first period, and to stop short when they come to the second.
There is meaning in this. But, after all, the object is not a bad one, and it may not be worth while to consider it so closely.
[Footnote 4: Lord Melbourne must have meant James I.]
_Viscount Melbourne to Queen Victoria._
_5th February 1841 (6 o"clock)._
Lord Melbourne presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and is very sorry to have to acquaint your Majesty that the Duke of Wellington was taken ill in the House of Lords this evening with a seizure, probably paralytic, and of the same nature with those which he has had before.
Lord Brougham, who was standing opposite to the Duke and addressing the House, observed the Duke"s face to be drawn and distorted, and soon afterwards the Duke rose from his seat and walked staggeringly towards the door. He walked down the gallery, supported on each side, but never spoke. A medical man was procured to attend him; he was placed in his carriage and driven home....
[Pageheading: THE UNITED STATES]
_Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria._
_6th March 1841._
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and has the honour to state that the remainder of the Navy Estimates, and nearly the whole of the Army Estimates, were voted last night without any serious opposition. Indeed the chief fault found with the Army Estimates was that they are not large enough.
Sir Robert Peel made a remarkable speech. Adverting to the present state of our affairs with the United States,[5] he said that much as he disliked war, yet if the honour or interests of the country required it, he should sink all internal differences, and give his best support to the Government of his country.
This declaration was received with loud cheers. It must be considered as very creditable to Sir Robert Peel.
[Footnote 5: _See_ Introductory Note, _ante_, p. 254.
(Intro Note to Ch. X)]
[Pageheading: CHINA]
_Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria._
FOREIGN OFFICE, _10th April 1841._
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and has the honour to submit the accompanying letters, which he received yesterday, about the operations in China, and which have just been returned to him by Viscount Melbourne, whose letter he also transmits.[6]
Viscount Palmerston has felt greatly mortified and disappointed at this result of the expedition to China, and he much fears that the sequel of the negotiation, which was to follow the conclusion of these preliminary conditions, will not tend to render the arrangement less objectionable. Captain Elliot seems to have wholly disregarded the instructions which had been sent to him, and even when, by the entire success of the operations of the Fleet, he was in a condition to dictate his own terms, he seems to have agreed to very inadequate conditions.[7] The amount of compensation for the opium surrendered falls short of the value of that opium, and nothing has been obtained for the expenses of the expedition, nor for the debts of the bankrupt Hong[8] merchants. The securities which the plenipotentiaries were expressly ordered to obtain for British residents in China have been abandoned; and the Island of Chusan which they were specifically informed was to be retained till the whole of the pecuniary compensation should have been paid, has been hastily and discreditably evacuated. Even the cession of Hong Kong has been coupled with a condition about the payment of duties, which would render that island not a possession of the British Crown, but, like Macao, a settlement held by sufferance in the territory of the Crown of China.
Viscount Palmerston deems it his duty in laying these papers before your Majesty, to state some few of the objections which he feels to the arrangement, but the Cabinet will have to consider, as soon as they meet after the Recess, what advice they may wish humbly to tender to your Majesty upon these important matters. There is no doubt, however, that much has been accomplished, but it is very mortifying to find that other things which the plenipotentiaries were ordered to obtain, and which the force placed at their command was amply sufficient to enable them to accomplish, have not been attained.
Viscount Palmerston has sent a small map of the Canton River, which your Majesty may like to keep for future reference.
[Footnote 6: Captain Elliot, after capturing the Chinese position at the mouth of Canton River, concluded a preliminary treaty with the Chinese Government, which did not satisfy the Chinese, and which was strongly disapproved of by the English Ministry, as containing no mention of the opium traffic, which had been the cause of all the difficulties; Elliot was accordingly recalled, and succeeded by Sir Henry Pottinger.]
[Footnote 7: They were the cession of Hong-Kong, and payment of an indemnity of 6,000,000 dollars to Great Britain, with provision for commercial facilities and collection of customs.]
[Footnote 8: The native Canton merchants,--Hong here probably meaning a "row of houses," a "street." Hong Kong (Hiang Kiang) means the "fragrant lagoon."]
_Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians._
_13th April 1841._
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--I thank you much for your kind letter of the 9th, received yesterday. I have just heard from Stockmar (who, I hope, reported favourably of us all) that your Ministry is at _last_ settled, of which I wish you joy. I think, dear Uncle, that you would find the East not only as "absurd" as the West, but very barbarous, cruel, and dangerous into the bargain.
The Chinese business vexes us much, and Palmerston is deeply mortified at it. _All_ we wanted might have been got, if it had not been for the unaccountably strange conduct of Charles Elliot (_not Admiral_ Elliot,[9] for _he_ was obliged to come away from ill-health), who completely disobeyed his instructions and _tried_ to get the _lowest_ terms he could.... The attack and storming of the Ch.o.r.empee Forts on the 7th of January was very gallantly done by the Marines, and immense destruction of the Chinese took place.[10] The accounts of the cruelty of the Chinese to one another are horrible. Albert is so much amused at my having got the Island of Hong Kong, and we think Victoria ought to be called Princess of Hong Kong in addition to Princess Royal.
She drives out every day in a close carriage with the window open, since she has been here, which does her worlds of good, and she is to have a _walk_ to-day.
Stockmar writes me word that Charlotte[11] is quite beautiful. _I_ am very jealous.
I think Vecto quite right not to travel without Nemours; for it would look just as if she was unhappy, and ran to her parents for help. I am sure _if_ Albert ever should be away (which, however, _will_ and _shall never_ happen, for I would go with him even if he was to go to the _North Pole_), I should never think of travelling; but I can"t make mamma understand this. Now farewell. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.