One cannot read this little volume without feeling that the shadow of some disappointment lay over Lewis Carroll"s life. Such I believe to have been the case, and it was this that gave him his wonderful sympathy with all who suffered. But those who loved him would not wish to lift the veil from these dead sanct.i.ties, nor would any purpose be served by so doing. The proper use of sympathy is not to weep over sorrows that are over, and whose very memory is perhaps obliterated for him in the first joy of possessing new and higher faculties.
Before leaving the subject of this book, I should like to draw attention to a few lines on "woman"s mission," lines full of the n.o.blest chivalry, reminding one of Tennyson"s "Idylls of the King":--
In the darkest path of man"s despair, Where War and Terror shake the troubled earth, Lies woman"s mission; with unblenching brow To pa.s.s through scenes of horror and affright Where men grow sick and tremble: unto her All things are sanctified, for all are good.
Nothing so mean, but shall deserve her care: Nothing so great, but she may bear her part.
No life is vain: each hath his place a.s.signed: Do thou thy task, and leave the rest to G.o.d.
Of the unpublished works which Mr. Dodgson left behind him, I may mention "Original Games and Puzzles"; "Symbolic Logic, Part ii.," and a portion of a mathematical book, the proofs of which are now in the hands of the Controller of the Oxford University Press.
I will conclude this chapter with a poem which appeared in _Punch_ for January 29th, a fortnight after Lewis Carroll"s death. It expresses, with all the grace and insight of the true poet, what I have tried, so feebly and ineffectually, to say:--
LEWIS CARROLL.
_Born_ 1832. _Died January_ 14, 1898.
Lover of children! Fellow-heir with those Of whom the imperishable kingdom is!
Beyond all dreaming now your spirit knows The unimagined mysteries.
Darkly as in a gla.s.s our faces look To read ourselves, if so we may, aright; You, like the maiden in your faerie book-- You step behind and see the light!
The heart you wore beneath your pedant"s cloak Only to children"s hearts you gave away; Yet unaware in half the world you woke The slumbering charm of childhood"s day.
We older children, too, our loss lament, We of the "Table Round," remembering well How he, our comrade, with his pencil lent Your fancy"s speech a firmer spell.
Master of rare woodcraft, by sympathy"s Sure touch he caught your visionary gleams, And made your fame, the dreamer"s, one with his.
The wise interpreter of dreams.
Farewell! But near our hearts we have you yet, Holding our heritage with loving hand, Who may not follow where your feet are set Upon the ways of Wonderland.[025]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Lorina and Alice Liddell. _From a photograph by Lewis Carroll._]
CHAPTER X
CHILD FRIENDS
Mr. Dodgson"s fondness for children--Miss Isabel Standen--Puzzles--"Me and Myself"--A double acrostic--"Father William"--Of drinking healths--Kisses by post--Tired in the face--The unripe plum--Eccentricities--"Sylvie and Bruno"--"Mr. Dodgson is going on _well_."
This chapter, and the next will deal with Mr. Dodgson"s friendships with children. It would have been impossible to arrange them in chronological sequence in the earlier part of this book, and the fact that they exhibit a very important and distinct side of his nature seems to justify me in a.s.signing them a special and individual position.
For the contents of these two chapters, both my readers and myself owe a debt of grat.i.tude to those child-friends of his, without whose ever-ready help this book could never have been written.
From very early college days began to emerge that beautiful side of Lewis Carroll"s character which afterwards was to be, next to his fame as an author, the one for which he was best known--his att.i.tude towards children, and the strong attraction they had for him. I shall attempt to point out the various influences which led him in this direction; but if I were asked for one comprehensive word wide enough to explain this tendency of his nature, I would answer unhesitatingly--Love. My readers will remember a beautiful verse in "Sylvie and Bruno"; trite though it is, I cannot forbear to quote it--
Say, whose is the skill that paints valley and hill, Like a picture so fair to the sight?
That flecks the green meadow with sunshine and shadow, Till the little lambs leap with delight?
"Tis a secret untold to hearts cruel and cold, Though "tis sung by the angels above, In notes that ring clear for the ears that can hear, And the name of the secret is Love!
That "secret"--an open secret for him--explains this side of his character. As _he_ read everything in its light, so it is only in its light that _we_ can properly understand _him_. I think that the following quotation from a letter to the Rev. F. H. Atkinson, accompanying a copy of "Alice" for his little daughter Gertrude, sufficiently proves the truth of what I have just stated:--
Many thanks to Mrs. Atkinson and to you for the sight of the tinted photograph of your Gertrude. As you say, the picture speaks for itself, and I can see exactly what sort of a child she is, in proof of which I send her my love and a kiss herewith. It is possible I may be the first (unseen) gentleman from whom she has had so ridiculous a message; but I can"t say she is the first unseen child to whom I have sent one! I think the most precious message of the kind I ever got from a child I never saw (and never shall see in this world) was to the effect that she liked me when she read about Alice, "but please tell him, whenever I read that Easter letter he sent me I _do_ love him!" She was in a hospital, and a lady friend who visited there had asked me to send the letter to her and some other sick children.
And now as to the secondary causes which attracted him to children.
First, I think children appealed to him because he was pre-eminently a teacher, and he saw in their unspoiled minds the best material for him to work upon. In later years one of his favourite recreations was to lecture at schools on logic; he used to give personal attention to each of his pupils, and one can well imagine with what eager antic.i.p.ation the children would have looked forward to the visits of a schoolmaster who knew how to make even the dullest subjects interesting and amusing.
Again, children appealed to his aesthetic faculties, for he was a keen admirer of the beautiful in every form. Poetry, music, the drama, all delighted him, but pictures more than all put together. I remember his once showing me "The Lady with the Lilacs," which Arthur Hughes had painted for him, and how he dwelt with intense pleasure on the exquisite contrasts of colour which it contained--the gold hair of a girl standing out against the purple of lilac-blossom. But with those who find in such things as these a complete satisfaction of their desire for the beautiful he had no sympathy; for no imperfect representations of life could, for him, take the place of life itself, life as G.o.d has made it--the babbling of the brook, the singing of the birds, the laughter and sweet faces of the children. And yet, recognising, as he did, what Mr. Pater aptly terms "the curious perfection of the human form," in man, as in nature, it was the soul that attracted him more than the body. His intense admiration, one might almost call it adoration, for the white innocence and uncontaminated spirituality of childhood emerges most clearly in "Sylvie and Bruno." He says very little of the personal beauty of his heroine; he might have asked, with Mr. Francis Thompson--
How can I tell what beauty is her dole, Who cannot see her countenance for her soul?
So entirely occupied is he with her gentleness, her pity, her sincerity, and her love.
Again, the reality of children appealed strongly to the simplicity and genuineness of his own nature. I believe that he understood children even better than he understood men and women; civilisation has made adult humanity very incomprehensible, for convention is as a veil which hides the divine spark that is in each of us, and so this strange thing has come to be, that the imperfect mirrors perfection more completely than the perfected, that we see more of G.o.d in the child than in the man.
And in those moments of depression of which he had his full share, when old age seemed to mock him with all its futility and feebleness, it was the thought that the children still loved him which nerved him again to continue his life-work, which renewed his youth, so that to his friends he never seemed an old man. Even the hand of death itself only made his face look more boyish--the word is not too strong. "How wonderfully young your brother looks!" were the first words the doctor said, as he returned from the room where Lewis Carroll"s body lay, to speak to the mourners below. And so he loved children because their friendship was the true source of his perennial youth and unflagging vigour. This idea is expressed in the following poem--an acrostic, which he wrote for a friend some twenty years ago:--
Around my lonely hearth, to-night, Ghostlike the shadows wander: Now here, now there, a childish sprite, Earthborn and yet as angel bright, Seems near me as I ponder.
Gaily she shouts: the laughing air Echoes her note of gladness-- Or bends herself with earnest care Round fairy-fortress to prepare Grim battlement or turret-stair-- In childhood"s merry madness!
New raptures still hath youth in store: Age may but fondly cherish Half-faded memories of yore-- Up, craven heart! repine no more!
Love stretches hands from sh.o.r.e to sh.o.r.e: Love is, and shall not perish!
His first child-friend, so far as I know, was Miss Alice Liddell, the little companion whose innocent talk was one of the chief pleasures of his early life at Oxford, and to whom he told the tale that was to make him famous. In December, 1885, Miss M.E. Manners presented him with a little volume, of which she was the auth.o.r.ess, "Aunt Agatha Ann and Other Verses," and which contained a poem (which I quoted in Chapter VI.), about "Alice." Writing to acknowledge this gift, Lewis Carroll said:--
Permit me to offer you my sincere thanks for the very sweet verses you have written about my dream-child (named after a real Alice, but none the less a dream-child) and her Wonderland. That children love the book is a very precious thought to me, and, next to their love, I value the sympathy of those who come with a child"s heart to what I have tried to write about a child"s thoughts. Next to what conversing with an angel _might_ be--for it is hard to imagine it--comes, I think, the privilege of having a real child"s thoughts uttered to one. I have known some few _real_ children (you have too, I am sure), and their friendship is a blessing and a help in life.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Alice Liddell. _From a photograph by Lewis Carroll._]
It is interesting to note how in "Sylvie and Bruno" his idea of the thoughts of a child has become deeper and more spiritual. Yet in the earlier tale, told "all in a golden afternoon," to the plash of oars and the swish of a boat through the waters of Cherwell or Thames, the ideal child is strangely beautiful; she has all Sylvie"s genuineness and honesty, all her keen appreciation of the interest of life; only there lacks that mysterious charm of deep insight into the hidden forces of nature, the gentle power that makes the sky "such a darling blue," which almost links Sylvie with the angels.
Another of Lewis Carroll"s early favourites was Miss Alexandra (Xie) Kitchin, daughter of the Dean of Durham. Her father was for fifteen years the Censor of the unattached members of the University of Oxford, so that Mr. Dodgson had plenty of opportunities of photographing his little friend, and it is only fair to him to say that he did not neglect them.
It would be futile to attempt even a bare list of the children whom he loved, and who loved him; during forty years of his life he was constantly adding to their number. Some remained friends for life, but in a large proportion of cases the friendship ended with the end of childhood. To one of those few, whose affection for him had not waned with increasing years, he wrote:--
I always feel specially grateful to friends who, like you, have given me a child-friendship and a woman-friendship.
About nine out of ten, I think, of my child-friendships get ship-wrecked at the critical point, "where the stream and river meet," and the child-friends, once so affectionate, become uninteresting acquaintances, whom I have no wish to set eyes on again.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Xie Kitchin. _From a photograph by Lewis Carroll._]
These friendships usually began all very much in the same way. A chance meeting on the sea-sh.o.r.e, in the street, at some friend"s house, led to conversation; then followed a call on the parents, and after that all sorts of kindnesses on Lewis Carroll"s part, presents of books, invitations to stay with him at Oxford, or at Eastbourne, visits with him to the theatre. For the amus.e.m.e.nt of his little guests he kept a large a.s.sortment of musical-boxes, and an organette which had to be fed with paper tunes. On one occasion he ordered about twelve dozen of these tunes "on approval," and asked one of the other dons, who was considered a judge of music, to come in and hear them played over. In addition to these attractions there were clock-work bears, mice, and frogs, and games and puzzles in infinite variety.
One of his little friends, Miss Isabel Standen, has sent me the following account of her first meeting with him:--