[304] Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 127.
[305] _Ib._, 128; and see Trevelyan, iv, 226.
[306] Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 127-29; _ib._ (2d ed.), i, 154-56; Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 3, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 64-65.
[307] Story, in Dillon, iii, 335.
[308] Washington to President of Congress, Sept 11, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 69.
[309] Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 131; _ib._ (2d ed.), i, 156. Colonel Harrison, Washington"s Secretary, reported immediately to the President of Congress that Maxwell"s men believed that they killed or wounded "at least three hundred" of the British. (Harrison to President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, footnote to 68.)
[310] Marshall, i, 156. The fact that Marshall places himself in this detachment, which was a part of Maxwell"s light infantry, together with his presence at Iron Hill, fixes his position in the battle of the Brandywine and in the movements that immediately followed. It is reasonably certain that he was under Maxwell until just before the battle of Germantown. Of this skirmish Washington"s optimistic and excited Secretary wrote on the spot, that Maxwell"s men killed thirty men and one captain "left dead on the spot." (Harrison to the President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, footnote to 68.)
[311] Thomas Marshall was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel Aug. 13, 1776; and colonel Feb. 21, 1777. (Heitman, 285.)
[312] Trevelyan, iv, 230.
[313] Marshall, i, footnote to 158.
[314] _Ib._ Colonel Thomas Marshall"s cool-headed and heroic conduct at this battle, which brought out in high lights his fine record as an officer, caused the Virginia House of Delegates to elect him colonel of the State Regiment of Artillery raised by that Commonwealth three months later. The vote is significant; for, although there were three candidates, each a man of merit, and although Thomas Marshall himself was not an aspirant for the place, and, indeed, was at Valley Forge when the election occurred, twice as many votes were cast for him as for all the other candidates put together. Four men were balloted for, Thomas Marshall receiving seventy-five votes and the other three candidates all together but thirty-six votes. (Journal, H.B. (Nov. 5, 1777), 27.)
[315] Marshall, i, 156; and Trevelyan, iv, 230-31. Washington reported that Wayne and Maxwell"s men retreated only "after a severe conflict."
(Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 69.)
[316] Trevelyan, iv, 232.
[317] Marshall, i, 157-58.
[318] _Ib._; and see Irving, iii, 200-09.
[319] Marshall, i, 158-59.
[320] Four years afterward Chastellux found that "most of the trees bear the mark of bullets or cannon shot." (Chastellux, 118.)
[321] Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 70.
[322] Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 141, and see Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 81.
[323] Marshall, i, 160.
[324] Marshall, i, 160. When their enlistments expired, the soldiers took the Government"s muskets and bayonets home with them. Thus thousands of muskets and bayonets continually disappeared. (See Kapp, 117.)
[325] Marshall, i, 160-61.
[326] _Ib._
[327] Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 81-82.
[328] This is an inference, but a fair one. Maxwell was under Wayne; and Marshall was one of Maxwell"s light infantry of picked men. (_Supra._)
[329] Marshall, i, 161. "The British accounts represent the American loss to have been much larger. It probably amounted to at least three hundred men." (_Ib._, footnote.)
[330] _Ib._, and see _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, i, 305.
[331] Marshall repeatedly expresses this thought in his entire account of the war.
[332] Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 80.
[333] Marshall, i, 162.
[334] _Ib._
[335] Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 82.
[336] _Works_: Adams, ii, 437.
[337] _Ib._
[338] _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, xvi, 197 _et seq._
[339] American officer"s description of the battle. (_Ib._, xi, 330.)
[340] Marshall, i, 168.
[341] _Ib._, 168-69.
[342] From an American officer"s description, in _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, xi, 330.
[343] _Ib._, 331-32.
[344] _Ib._
[345] "The rebels carried off a large number of their wounded as we could see by the blood on the roads, on which we followed them so far [nine miles]." (British officer"s account of battle; _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, xvi, 197 _et seq._)
[346] Marshall, i, 170-71.
[347] _Ib._, 181.
[348] _Ib._, 181-82.
[349] Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 287. Marshall omits this sentence in his second edition. But his revised account is severe enough.
[350] The Reverend Jacob d.u.c.h.e, to Washington, Oct. 8, 1777; _Cor.
Rev._: Sparks, i, 448-58.
[351] Washington to President of Congress, Dec. 10, 1777; _Writings_: Ford, vi, 238-39.
[352] Clark"s Diary, _Proc._, N.J. Hist. Soc. (1st Series), vii, 102-03.
"It seems that the enemy had waited all this time before our lines to decoy us from the heights we possessed." (_Ib._)