[165] James Thompson was born in 1739. (Meade, ii, 219.)
[166] _Ib._
[167] Forty years later La Rochefoucauld found that the whole family and all visitors slept in the same room of the cabins of the back country.
(La Rochefoucauld, iv, 595-96.)
[168] "I have not sleep"d above three nights or four in a bed, but, after walking ... all the day, I lay down before the fire upon a little hay, straw, fodder or bearskin ... with man, wife, and children, like a parcel of dogs and cats; and happy is he, who gets the berth nearest the fire." (Washington to a friend, in 1748; _Writings_: Ford, i, 7.)
Here is another of Washington"s descriptions of frontier comforts: "I not being so good a woodsman as ye rest of my company, striped myself very orderly and went into ye Bed, as they calld it, when to my surprize, I found it to be nothing but a little straw matted together without sheets or any thing else, but only one thread bear [_sic_]
blanket with double its weight of vermin such as Lice, Fleas, &c."
(Washington"s _Diary_, March 15, 1747; _ib._, 2.) And see La Rochefoucauld, iii, 175, for description of homes of farmers in the Valley forty years later--miserable log huts "which swarmed with children." Thomas Marshall"s little house was much better than, and the manners of the family were far superior to, those described by Washington and La Rochefoucauld.
[169] Meade, ii, 219.
[170] _Ib._ Bishop Meade says that Thomas Marshall"s sons were sent to Mr. Thompson again; but Marshall himself told Justice Story that the Scotch parson taught him when the clergyman lived at his father"s house.
[171] Meade, ii, 219. This extract of Mr. Thompson"s sermon was treasonable from the Tory point of view. See _infra_, chap. III.
[172] Records of Fauquier County (Va.), Deed Book, V, 282. This purchase made Thomas Marshall the owner of about two thousand acres of the best land in Fauquier County. He had sold his Goose Creek holding in "The Hollow."
[173] The local legend, current to the present day, is that this house had the first gla.s.s windows in that region, and that the bricks in the chimney were imported from England. The importation of brick, however, is doubtful. Very little brick was brought to Virginia from England.
[174] Five more children of Thomas and Mary Marshall were born in this house: Louis, 1773; Susan, 1775; Charlotte, 1777; Jane, 1779; and Nancy, 1781. (Paxton.)
[175] This volume is now in the possession of Judge J. K. M. Norton, of Alexandria, Va. On several leaves are printed the names of the subscribers. Among them are Pelatiah Webster, James Wilson, Nathanael Greene, John Adams, and others.
[176] _Autobiography._
[177] Binney, in Dillon, iii, 286.
[178] Story and Binney say that Marshall"s first schooling was at Campbell"s "academy" and his second and private instruction under Mr.
Thompson. The reverse seems to have been the case.
[179] Meade, ii, 159, and footnote to 160.
[180] _Ib._, 161.
[181] _Ib._
[182] Journal, H.B. (1761-65), 3. Thomas Marshall was seldom out of office. Burgess, Sheriff, Vestryman, Clerk, were the promising beginnings of his crowded office-holding career. He became Surveyor of Fayette County, Kentucky, upon his removal to that district, and afterwards Collector of Revenue for the District of Ohio. (Humphrey Marshall, i, 120; and see ii, chap. V, of this work. Thomas Marshall to Adams, April 28, 1797; MS.) In holding offices, John Marshall followed in his father"s footsteps.
[183] Journal, H.B. (1766-69), 147 and 257.
[184] His election was contested in the House, but decided in Marshall"s favor. (_Ib._ (1761-69), 272, 290, 291.)
[185] _Ib._, (1773-76), 9. County Clerks were then appointed by the Secretary of State. In some respects the Clerk of the County Court had greater advantages than the Sheriff. (See Bruce: _Inst._, i, 588 _et seq._) Dunmore County is now Shenandoah County. The Revolution changed the name. When Thomas Marshall was appointed Clerk, the House of Burgesses asked the Governor to issue a writ for a new election in Fauquier County to fill Marshall"s place as Burgess. (_Ib._ (1773-76), 9.)
[186] _Ib._ (1766-69), 163.
[187] _Ib._, 16, 71, 257; (1770-72), 17, 62, 123, 147, 204, 234, 251, 257, 274, 292; (1773-76), 217, 240.
[188] Ambler, Introduction.
[189] Ambler, 17-18.
[190] Henry, i, 71.
[191] _Ib._, 76-77.
[192] Henry, i, 39-48.
[193] Wirt, 71 _et seq._ It pa.s.sed the House (Journal, H.B. (1761-65), 350); but was disapproved by the Council. (_Ib._, 356; and see Henry, i, 78.)
[194] The "ayes" and "noes" were not recorded in the Journals of the House; but Jefferson says, in his description of the event, which he personally witnessed, that Henry "carried with him all the members of the upper counties and left a minority composed merely of the aristocracy." (Wirt, 71.) "The members, who, like himself [Henry], represented the yeomanry of the colony, were filled with admiration and delight." (Henry, i, 78.)
[195] Wirt, 71. The incident, it appears, was considered closed with the defeat of the loan-office bill. Robinson having died, nothing further was done in the matter. For excellent condensed account see Eckenrode: _R. V._, 16-17.
[196] Declaratory Resolutions.
[197] For the incredible submission and indifference of the colonies before Patrick Henry"s speech, see Henry, i, 63-67. The authorities given in those pages are conclusive.
[198] _Ib._, 67.
[199] _Ib._, 80-81.
[200] _Ib._, 82-86.
[201] Wirt, 74-76.
[202] Eckenrode: _R. V._, 5-6.
[203] "The members from the upper counties invariably supported Mr.
Henry in his revolutionary measures." (Jefferson"s statement to Daniel Webster, quoted in Henry, i, 87.)
[204] Henry, i, 86.
[205] Henry, i, 86, and authorities there cited in the footnote.
[206] Misquoted in Wirt (79) as "500 guineas."
[207] Jefferson to Wirt, Aug. 14, 1814; _Works_: Ford, xi, 404.
[208] It is most unfortunate that the "ayes" and "noes" were not kept in the House of Burgesses. In the absence of such a record, Jefferson"s repeated testimony that the up-country members voted and worked with Henry must be taken as conclusive of Thomas Marshall"s vote. For not only was Marshall Burgess from a frontier county, but Jefferson, at the time he wrote to Wirt in 1814 (and gave the same account to others later), had become very bitter against the Marshalls and constantly attacked John Marshall whom he hated virulently. If Thomas Marshall had voted out of his cla.s.s and against Henry, so remarkable a circ.u.mstance would surely have been mentioned by Jefferson, who never overlooked any circ.u.mstance unfavorable to an enemy. Far more positive evidence, however, is the fact that Washington, who was a Burgess, voted with Henry, as his letter to Francis Dandridge, Sept. 20, 1765, shows.
(_Writings_: Ford, ii, 209.) And Thomas Marshall always acted with Washington.
[209] "By these resolutions, Mr. Henry took the lead out of the hands of those who had heretofore guided the proceedings of the House."
(Jefferson to Wirt, Aug. 14, 1814; _Works_: Ford, xi, 406.)
[210] _Proceedings_, Va. Conv., 1775, March 20, 3; July 17, 3, 5, 7.