[624] _Ib._ 59.
[625] _Ib._ 54-55.
[626] Dartmouth and the English Trustees opposed incorporation and the Bishops of the Church of England violently resisted Wheelock"s whole project. (_Ib._ 90.)
[627] Farrar: _Report of the Case of the Trustees of Dartmouth College against William H. Woodward_, 11, 16; also see Charter of Dartmouth College, Chase, 639-49. (Although the official copy of the charter appears in Chase"s history, the author cites Farrar in the report of the case; the charter also is cited from his book.)
[628] Chase, 556.
[629] See Wheelock"s will, _ib._ 562.
[630] Young Wheelock was very active in the Revolution. He was a member of the New Hampshire a.s.sembly in 1775, a Captain in the army in 1776, a Major the following year, and then Lieutenant-Colonel, serving on the staff of General Horatio Gates until called from military service by the death of his father in 1779. (See Smith: _History of Dartmouth College_, 76.)
[631] Chase, 564.
[632] Rachel Murch "To y^e Session of y^e Church of Christ in Hanover,"
April 26, 1783, Shirley: _Dartmouth College Causes and the Supreme Court of the Untied States_, 67.
[633] Shirley, 66-70.
[634] _Ib._ 70-75. Only three of the scores of Congregationalist ministers in New Hampshire were Republicans. (_Ib._ 70.)
[635] _Ib._ 82.
[636] Shirley, 81, 84-85.
[637] _Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College and Moors" Charity School._
[638] _A Candid, a.n.a.lytical Review of the Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College._
[639] _Vindication of the Official Conduct of the Trustees_, etc., and _A True and Concise Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Church Difficulties_, by Benoni Dewey, James Wheelock, and Benjamin J. Gilbert.
[640] _Answer to the "Vindication_," etc., by Josiah Dunham.
[641] Lord: _History of Dartmouth College_, 73-77.
[642] Lord, 78.
[643] In 1811 the salary of Chief Justices of the Court of Common Pleas for four of the counties was fixed at $200 a year; and that of the other Justices of those courts at $180. "The Chief Justice of said court in Grafton County, $180, and the other Justices in that court $160." (Act of June 21, _Laws of New Hampshire, 1811_, 33.)
[644] Acts of June 24 and Nov. 5, _Laws of New Hampshire, 1813_, 6-19; Barstow: _History of New Hampshire_, 363-64; Morison: _Life of Jeremiah Smith_, 265-67. This law was, however, most excellent. It established a Supreme Court and systematized the entire judicial system.
[645] This was the second time Plumer had been elected Governor. He was first chosen to that office in 1812. Plumer had abandoned the failing and unpatriotic cause of Federalism in 1808 (Plumer, 365), and had since become an ardent follower of Jefferson.
[646] The number of votes cast at this election was the largest ever polled in the history of the State up to that time. (_Ib._ 432.)
[647] See Act of June 27, _Laws of New Hampshire, 1816_, 45-48. This repealed the Federalist Judiciary Acts of 1813 and revived laws repealed by those acts. (See Barstow, 383, and Plumer, 437-38.)
The burning question of equality of religious taxation was not taken up by this Legislature. The bill was introduced in the State Senate by the Reverend Daniel Young, a Methodist preacher, but it received only three votes. Apparently the reform energy of the Republicans was, for that session, exhausted by the Judiciary and College Acts. The "Toleration Act" was not pa.s.sed until three years later. (McClintock: _History of New Hampshire_, 507-29; also Barstow, 422.) This law is omitted from the published acts, although it is indexed.
[648] In his Message to the Legislature recommending reform laws for Dartmouth College, Governor Plumer denounced the provision of the charter relating to the Trustees as "hostile to the spirit and genius of a free government." (Barstow, 396.) This message Plumer sent to Jefferson, who replied that the idea "that inst.i.tutions, established for the use of the nation, cannot be touched nor modified, even to make them answer their end ... is most absurd.... Yet our lawyers and priests generally inculcate this doctrine; and suppose that preceding generations ... had a right to impose laws on us, unalterable by ourselves; ... in fine, that the earth belongs to the dead, and not to the living." (Jefferson to Plumer, July 21, 1816, Plumer, 440-41.)
[649] Act of June 27, _Laws of New Hampshire_, 1816, 48-51; and see Lord, 687-90.
The temper of the Republicans is ill.u.s.trated by a joint resolution adopted June 29, 1816, denouncing the increase of salaries of Senators and Representatives in Congress, which "presents the most inviting inducements to avarice and ambition," "will introduce a monopolizing power," and "contaminate our elections." (Act of June 27, _Laws of New Hampshire_, 1816, 65-66.)
[650] _Journal_, House of Representatives (N.H.), June 28, 1816, 238-41.
[651] Resolutions of the Trustees, Lord, 690-94.
[652] Lord, 96.
[653] "It is an important question and merits your serious consideration whether a law pa.s.sed and approved by all the const.i.tuted authorities of the State shall be carried into effect, or whether _a few individuals_ not vested with _any judicial authority_ shall be permitted to declare your statutes _dangerous and arbitrary, unconst.i.tutional and void_: whether a _minority_ of the trustees of a literary inst.i.tution formed for the education of your children shall be encouraged to inculcate the doctrine of resistance to the law and their example tolerated in disseminating principles of insubordination and rebellion against government." (Plumer"s Message, Nov. 20, 1816, Lord, 103.)
[654] Acts of Dec. 18 and 26, 1816, (_Laws of New Hampshire, 1816_, 74-75; see also Lord, 104.)
[655] Lord, 111-12.
[656] _Ib._ 112-15.
[657] _Ib._ 115.
[658] Lord, 121. So few students went with the University that it dared not publish a catalogue. (_Ib._ 129.)
[659] _Ib._ 92.
[660] One of the many stories that sprang up in after years about Webster"s management of the case is that, since the College was founded for the education of Indians and none of them had attended for a long time, Webster advised President Brown to procure two or three. Brown got a number from Canada and brought them to the river beyond which were the College buildings. While the party were rowing across, the young Indians, seeing the walls and fearing that they were to be put in prison, gave war whoops, sprang into the stream, swam to sh.o.r.e and fled.
So Webster had to go on without them. (Harvey: _Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Daniel Webster_, 111-12.) There is not the slightest evidence to support this absurd tale. (Letters to the author from Eugene F. Clark, Secretary of Dartmouth College, and from Professor John K.
Lord, author of _History of Dartmouth College_.)
[661] Lord, 99.
[662] Farrar, 1.
[663] These arguments are well worth perusal. (See Farrar, 28-206; also 65 N.H. Reports, 473-624.)
[664] For instance, Mason"s argument, which is very compact, consists of forty-two pages of which only four are devoted to "the contract clause"
of the National Const.i.tution and the violation of it by the New Hampshire College Act. (Farrar, 28-70; 65 N.H. 473-502.)
[665] Farrar, 212-13; 65 N.H. 628-29.
[666] Farrar, 214-15; 65 N.H. 630.
[667] The contract clause.
[668] Farrar, 216; 65 N.H. 631.
[669] Farrar, 228-29; 65 N.H. 639.