As flying-fish but rarely make their appearance except in warm lat.i.tudes, few people who have not voyaged to the tropics have had an opportunity of seeing them in their flight. Very naturally, therefore, it will be asked what kind of fish, that is, to what _species_ and what _genus_ the flying-fish belong. Were there only one kind of these curious creatures the answer would be easier. But not only are there different species, but also different "genera" of fish endowed with the faculty of flying, and which from the earliest times and in different parts of the world have equally received this characteristic appellation. A word or two about each sort must suffice.
First, then, there are two species belonging to the genus _Trigla_, or the Gurnards, to which Monsieur La Cepede has given the name of _Dactylopterus_.
One species is found in the Mediterranean, and individuals, from a foot to fifteen inches in length, are often taken by the fishermen, and brought to the markets of Malta, Sicily, and even to the city of Rome.
The other species of flying gurnard occur in the Indian Ocean and the seas around China and j.a.pan.
The true _flying-fish_, however, that is to say, those that are met with in the great ocean, and most spoken of in books, and in the "yarns" of the sailor, are altogether of a different kind from the gurnards. They are not only different in genus, but in the family and even the order of fishes. They are of the genus _Exocetus_, and in form and other respects have a considerable resemblance to the common pike. There are several species of them inhabiting different parts of the tropical seas; and sometimes individuals, in the summer, have been seen as far north as the coast of Cornwall in Europe, and on the banks of Newfoundland in America. Their natural habitat, however, is in the warm lat.i.tudes of the ocean; and only there are they met with in large "schools," and seen with any frequency taking their aerial flight.
For a long time there was supposed to be only one, or at most two, species of the _Exocetus_; but it is now certain there are several-- perhaps as many as half a dozen--distinct from each other. They are all much alike in their habits,--differing only in size, colour, and such like circ.u.mstances.
Naturalists disagree as to the character of their flight. Some a.s.sert that it is only a leap, and this is the prevailing opinion. Their reason for regarding it thus is, that while the fish is in the air there cannot be observed any movement of the wings (pectoral fins); and, moreover, after reaching the height to which it attains on its first spring, it cannot afterwards rise higher, but gradually sinks lower till it drops suddenly back into the water.
This reasoning is neither clear nor conclusive. A similar power of suspending themselves in the air, without motion of the wings is well-known to belong to many birds,--as the vulture, the albatross, the petrels, and others. Besides, it is difficult to conceive of a leap twenty feet high and two hundred yards long; for the flight of the _Exocetus_ has been observed to be carried to this extent, and even farther. It is probable that the movement partakes both of the nature of leaping and flying: that it is first begun by a spring up out of the water,--a power possessed by most other kinds of fish,--and that the impulse thus obtained is continued by the spread fins acting on the air after the fashion of parachutes. It is known that the fish can greatly lighten the specific gravity of its body by the inflation of its "swim-bladder," which, when perfectly extended, occupies nearly the entire cavity of its abdomen. In addition to this, there is a membrane in the mouth which can be inflated through the gills. These two reservoirs are capable of containing a considerable volume of air; and as the fish has the power of filling or emptying them at will, they no doubt play an important part in the mechanism of its aerial movement.
One thing is certain, that the flying-fish can turn while in the air,-- that is, diverge slightly from the direction first taken; and this would seem to argue a capacity something more than that of a mere spring or leap. Besides, the wings make a perceptible noise,--a sort of rustling,--often distinctly heard; and they have been seen to open and close while the creature is in the air.
A shoal of flying-fish might easily be mistaken for a flock of white birds, though their rapid movements, and the glistening sheen of their scales--especially when the sun is shining--usually disclose their true character. They are at all times a favourite spectacle, and with all observers,--the old "salt" who has seen them a thousand times, and the young sailor on his maiden voyage, who beholds them for the first time in his life. Many an hour of _ennui_ occurring to the ship-traveller, as he sits upon the p.o.o.p, restlessly scanning the monotonous surface of the sea, has been brought to a cheerful termination by the appearance of a shoal of flying-fish suddenly sparkling up out of the bosom of the deep.
The flying-fish appear to be the most persecuted of all creatures. It is to avoid their enemies under water that they take _fin_ and mount into the air; but the old proverb, "out of the frying-pan into the fire," is but too applicable in their case, for in their endeavours to escape from the jaws of dolphins, albicores, bonitos, and other petty tyrants of the sea, they rush into the beaks of gannets, b.o.o.bies, albatrosses, and other petty tyrants of the sky.
Much sympathy has been felt--or at all events expressed--for these pretty and apparently innocent little victims. But, alas! our sympathy receives a sad shock, when it becomes known that the flying-fish is himself one of the petty tyrants of the ocean,--being, like his near congener, the pike, a most ruthless little destroyer and devourer of any fish small enough to go down his gullet.
Besides the two _genera_ of flying-fish above described, there are certain other marine animals which are gifted with a similar power of sustaining themselves for some seconds in the air. They are often seen in the Pacific and Indian oceans, rising out of the water in shoals, just like the _Exoceti_: and, like them, endeavouring to escape from the albicores and bonitos that incessantly pursue them. These creatures are not fish in the true sense of the word, but "molluscs," of the genus _Loligo_; and the name given to them by the whalers of the Pacific is that of "Flying Squid."
CHAPTER SEVEN.
A CHEERING CLOUD.
The particular species of flying-fish that had fallen into the clutches of the two starving castaways upon the raft was the _Exocetus evolans_, or "Spanish flying-fish" of mariners,--a well-known inhabitant of the warmer lat.i.tudes of the Atlantic. Its body was of a steel-blue, olive and silvery white underneath, with its large pectoral fins (its wings) of a powdered grey colour. It was one of the largest of its kind, being rather over twelve inches in length, and nearly a pound in weight.
Of course, it afforded but a very slight meal for two hungry stomachs,-- such as were those of Ben Brace and his boy companion. Still it helped to strengthen them a little; and its opportune arrival upon the raft-- which they could not help regarding as providential--had the further effect of rendering them for a time more cheerful and hopeful.
It is not necessary to say that they ate the creature without cooking it; and although under ordinary circ.u.mstances this might be regarded as a hardship, neither was at that moment in the mood to be squeamish.
They thought the dish dainty enough. It was its quant.i.ty--not the quality--that failed to give satisfaction.
Indeed the flying-fish is (when cooked, of course) one of the most delicious of morsels,--a good deal resembling the common herring when caught freshly, and dressed in a proper manner.
It seemed, however, as if the partial relief from hunger only aggravated the kindred appet.i.te from which the occupants of the raft had already begun to suffer. Perhaps the salt-water, mingled with the saline juices of the fish, aided in producing this effect. In any case, it was not long after they had eaten the _Exocetus_ before both felt thirst in its very keenest agony.
Extreme thirst, under any circ.u.mstances, is painful to endure; but under no conditions is it so excruciating as in the midst of the ocean. The sight of water which you may not drink,--the very proximity of that element,--so near that you may touch it, and yet as useless to the a.s.suaging of thirst as if it was the parched dust of the desert,-- increases rather than alleviates the appet.i.te. It is to no purpose, that you dip your fingers into the briny flood, and endeavour to cool your lips and tongue by taking it into the mouth. To swallow it is still worse. You might as well think to allay thirst by drinking liquid fire. The momentary moistening of the mouth and tongue is succeeded by an almost instantaneous parching of the salivary glands, which only glow with redoubled ardour.
Ben Brace knew this well enough; and once or twice that little William lifted the sea-water on his palm and applied it to his lips, the sailor cautioned him to desist, saying that it would do him more harm than good.
In one of his pockets Ben chanced to have a leaden bullet, which he gave the boy, telling him to keep it in his mouth and occasionally to chew it. By this means the secretion of the saliva was promoted; and although it was but slight, the sufferer obtained a little relief.
Ben himself held the axe to his lips, and partly by pressing his tongue against the iron, and partly by gnawing the angle of the blade, endeavoured to produce the same effect.
It was but a poor means of a.s.suaging that fearful thirst that was now the sole object of their thoughts,--it might be said their only sensation,--for all other feelings, both of pleasure or pain, had become overpowered by this one. On food they no longer reflected, though still hungry; but the appet.i.te of hunger, even when keenest, is far less painful than that of thirst. The former weakens the frame, so that the nervous system becomes dulled, and less sensible of the affliction it is enduring; whereas the latter may exist to its extremest degree, while the body is in full strength and vigour, and therefore more capable of feeling pain.
They suffered for several hours, almost all the time in silence. The words of cheer which the sailor had addressed to his youthful comrade were now only heard occasionally, and at long intervals, and when heard were spoken in a tone that proclaimed their utterance to be merely mechanical, and that he who gave tongue to them had but slight hope.
Little as remained, however, he would rise from time to time to his feet, and stand for a while scanning the horizon around him. Then as his scrutiny once more terminated in disappointment, he would sink back upon the canvas, and half-kneeling, half-lying, give way for an interval to a half stupor of despair.
From one of these moods he was suddenly aroused by circ.u.mstances which had made no impression on his youthful companion, though the latter had also observed it. It was simply the darkening of the sun by a cloud pa.s.sing over its disc.
Little William wondered that an incident of so common character should produce so marked an effect as it had done upon his protector: for the latter on perceiving that the sun had become shadowed instantly started to his feet, and stood gazing up towards the sky. A change had come over his countenance. His eyes, instead of the sombre look of despair observable but the moment before, seemed now to sparkle with hope. In fact, the cloud which had darkened the face of the sun appeared to have produced the very opposite effect upon the face of the sailor!
CHAPTER EIGHT.
A CANVAS TANK.
"What is it, Ben?" asked William, in a voice husky and hoa.r.s.e, from the parched throat through which it had to pa.s.s. "You look pleased like; do you see anything?"
"I see that, boy," replied the sailor, pointing up into the sky.
"What? I see nothing there except that great cloud that has just pa.s.sed over the sun. What is there in that?"
"Ay, what is there in"t? That"s just what I"m tryin" to make out, Will"m; an" if I"m not mistaken, boy, there"s it "t the very thing as we both wants."
"Water!" gasped William, his eyes lighting up with gleam of hope. "A rain-cloud you think, Ben?"
"I"m a"most sure o"t, Will"m. I never seed a bank o" clouds like them there wasn"t some wet in; and if the wind "ll only drift "em this way, we may get a shower "ll be the savin" o" our lives. O Lord! in thy mercy look down on us, and send "em over us!"
The boy echoed the prayer.
"See!" cried the sailor. "The wind is a fetchin" them this way.
Yonder"s more o" the same sort risin" up in the west, an" that"s the direction from which it"s a-blowin". Ho! As I live, Will"m, there"s rain. I can see by the mist it"s a-fallin" on the water yonder. It"s still far away,--twenty mile or so,--but that"s nothing; an" if the wind holds good in the same quarter, it _must_ come this way."
"But if it did, Ben," said William, doubtingly, "what good would it do us? We could not drink much of the rain as it falls, and you know we have nothing in which to catch a drop of it."
"But we have, boy,--we have our clothes and our shirts. If the rain comes, it will fall like it always does in these parts, as if it were spillin" out o" a strainer. We"ll be soakin" wet in five minutes" time; and then we can wring all out,--trousers, shirts, and every rag we"ve got."
"But we have no vessel, Ben,--what could we wring the water into?"
"Into our months first: after that--ah! it be a pity. I never thought o"t. We won"t be able to save a drop for another time. Any rate, if we could only get one good quenchin", we might stand it several days longer. I fancy we might catch some fish, if we were only sure about the water. Yes, the rain"s a-comin" on. Look at yon black clouds; and see, there"s lightning forkin" among "em. That "s a sure sign it"s raining. Let"s strip, and spread out our shirts so as to have them ready."
As Ben uttered this admonition he was about proceeding to pull off his pea-jacket, when an object came before his eyes causing him to desist.
At the same instant an exclamatory phrase escaping from his lips explained to his companion why he had thus suddenly changed his intention. The phrase consisted of two simple words, which written as p.r.o.nounced by Ben were, "Thee tarpolin."
Little William knew it was "the tarpauling" that was meant. He could not be mistaken about that; for, even had he been ignorant of the sailor"s p.r.o.nunciation of the words, the latter at that moment stood pointing to the piece of tarred canvas spread upright between the oars; and which had formerly served as a covering for the after-hatch of the _Pandora_. William did not equally understand why his companion was pointing to it.
He was not left long in ignorance.
"Nothing to catch the water in? That"s what you sayed, little Will"m?
What do ye call that, my boy?"