Old friend! that boon thou wilt ne"er earn from me; Ulysses comes no more. But thou thy wine Drink quietly, and let us find, at length, Some other theme; recall not this again To my remembrance, for my soul is grieved Oft as reminded of my honour"d Lord.
Let the oath rest, and let Ulysses come 210 Ev"n as myself, and as Penelope, And as his ancient father, and his son G.o.dlike Telemachus, all wish he may.
Ay--there I feel again--nor cease to mourn His son Telemachus; who, when the G.o.ds Had giv"n him growth like a young plant, and I Well hoped that nought inferior he should prove In person or in mind to his own sire, Hath lost, through influence human or divine, I know not how, his sober intellect, 220 And after tidings of his sire is gone To far-famed Pylus; his return, meantime, In ambush hidden the proud suitors wait, That the whole house may perish of renown"d Arcesias, named in Ithaca no more.
But whether he have fallen or "scaped, let him Rest also, whom Saturnian Jove protect!
But come, my ancient guest! now let me learn Thy own afflictions; answer me in truth.
Who, and whence art thou? in what city born? 230 Where dwell thy parents; in what kind of ship Cam"st thou? the mariners, why brought they thee To Ithaca? and of what land are they?
For, that on foot thou found"st us not, is sure.
Him answer"d, then, Ulysses, ever-wise.
I will with truth resolve thee; and if here Within thy cottage sitting, we had wine And food for many a day, and business none But to regale at ease while others toiled, I could exhaust the year complete, my woes 240 Rehearsing, nor, at last, rehea.r.s.e entire My sorrows by the will of heav"n sustained.
I boast me sprung from ancestry renown"d In s.p.a.cious Crete; son of a wealthy sire, Who other sons train"d num"rous in his house, Born of his wedded wife; but he begat Me on his purchased concubine, whom yet Dear as his other sons in wedlock born Castor Hylacides esteem"d and lov"d, For him I boast my father. Him in Crete, 250 While yet he liv"d, all reverenc"d as a G.o.d, So rich, so prosp"rous, and so blest was he With sons of highest praise. But death, the doom Of all, him bore to Pluto"s drear abode, And his ill.u.s.trious sons among themselves Portion"d his goods by lot; to me, indeed, They gave a dwelling, and but little more, Yet, for my virtuous qualities, I won A wealthy bride, for I was neither vain Nor base, forlorn as thou perceiv"st me now. 260 But thou canst guess, I judge, viewing the straw What once was in the ear. Ah! I have borne Much tribulation; heap"d and heavy woes.
Courage and phalanx-breaking might had I From Mars and Pallas; at what time I drew, (Planning some dread exploit) an ambush forth Of our most valiant Chiefs, no boding fears Of death seized _me_, but foremost far of all I sprang to fight, and pierced the flying foe.
Such was I once in arms. But household toils 270 Sustain"d for children"s sake, and carking cares T" enrich a family, were not for me.
My pleasures were the gallant bark, the din Of battle, the smooth spear and glitt"ring shaft, Objects of dread to others, but which me The G.o.ds disposed to love and to enjoy.
Thus diff"rent minds are diff"rently amused; For ere Achaia"s fleet had sailed to Troy, Nine times was I commander of an host Embark"d against a foreign foe, and found 280 In all those enterprizes great success.
From the whole booty, first, what pleased me most Chusing, and sharing also much by lot I rapidly grew rich, and had thenceforth Among the Cretans rev"rence and respect.
But when loud-thund"ring Jove that voyage dire Ordain"d, which loos"d the knees of many a Greek, Then, to Idomeneus and me they gave The charge of all their fleet, which how to avoid We found not, so importunate the cry 290 Of the whole host impell"d us to the task.
There fought we nine long years, and in the tenth (Priam"s proud city pillag"d) steer"d again Our galleys homeward, which the G.o.ds dispersed.
Then was it that deep-planning Jove devised For me much evil. One short month, no more, I gave to joys domestic, in my wife Happy, and in my babes, and in my wealth, When the desire seiz"d me with sev"ral ships Well-rigg"d, and furnish"d all with gallant crews, 300 To sail for aegypt; nine I fitted forth, To which stout mariners a.s.sembled fast.
Six days the chosen partners of my voyage Feasted, to whom I num"rous victims gave For sacrifice, and for their own regale.
Embarking on the sev"nth from s.p.a.cious Crete, Before a clear breeze prosp"rous from the North We glided easily along, as down A river"s stream; nor one of all my ships Damage incurr"d, but healthy and at ease 310 We sat, while gales well-managed urged us on.
The fifth day thence, smooth-flowing Nile we reach"d, And safe I moor"d in the aegyptian stream.
Then, charging all my mariners to keep Strict watch for preservation of the ships, I order"d spies into the hill-tops; but they Under the impulse of a spirit rash And hot for quarrel, the well-cultur"d fields Pillaged of the aegyptians, captive led Their wives and little ones, and slew the men. 320 Soon was the city alarm"d, and at the cry Down came the citizens, by dawn of day, With horse and foot, and with the gleam of arms Filling the plain. Then Jove with panic dread Struck all my people; none found courage more To stand, for mischiefs swarm"d on ev"ry side.
There, num"rous by the glittering spear we fell Slaughter"d, while others they conducted thence Alive to servitude. But Jove himself My bosom with this thought inspired, (I would 330 That, dying, I had first fulfill"d my fate In aegypt, for new woes were yet to come!) Loosing my brazen casque, and slipping off My buckler, there I left them on the field, Then cast my spear away, and seeking, next, The chariot of the sov"reign, clasp"d his knees, And kiss"d them. He, by my submission moved, Deliver"d me, and to his chariot-seat Raising, convey"d me weeping to his home.
With many an ashen spear his warriors sought 340 To slay me, (for they now grew fiery wroth) But he, through fear of hospitable Jove, Chief punisher of wrong, saved me alive.
Sev"n years I there abode, and much ama.s.s"d Among the aegyptians, gifted by them all; But, in the eighth revolving year, arrived A shrewd Phnician, in all fraud adept, Hungry, and who had num"rous harm"d before, By whom I also was cajoled, and lured T" attend him to Phnicia, where his house 350 And his possessions lay; there I abode A year complete his inmate; but (the days And months accomplish"d of the rolling year, And the new seasons ent"ring on their course) To Lybia then, on board his bark, by wiles He won me with him, partner of the freight Profess"d, but destin"d secretly to sale, That he might profit largely by my price.
Not unsuspicious, yet constrain"d to go, With this man I embark"d. A cloudless gale 360 Propitious blowing from the North, our ship Ran right before it through the middle sea, In the offing over Crete; but adverse Jove Destruction plann"d for them and death the while.
For, Crete now left afar, and other land Appearing none, but sky alone and sea, Right o"er the hollow bark Saturnian Jove A cloud caerulean hung, dark"ning the Deep.
Then, thund"ring oft, he hurl"d into the bark His bolts; she smitten by the fires of Jove, 370 Quaked all her length; with sulphur fill"d she reek"d, And, o"er her sides precipitated, plunged Like gulls the crew, forbidden by that stroke Of wrath divine to hope their country more.
But Jove himself, when I had cast away All hope of life, conducted to my arms The strong tall mast, that I might yet escape.
Around that beam I clung, driving before The stormy blast. Nine days complete I drove, And, on the tenth dark night, the rolling flood 380 Immense convey"d me to Thesprotia"s sh.o.r.e.
There me the Hero Phidon, gen"rous King Of the Thesprotians, freely entertained; For his own son discov"ring me with toil Exhausted and with cold, raised me, and thence Led me humanely to his father"s house, Who cherish"d me, and gave me fresh attire.
There heard I of Ulysses, whom himself Had entertain"d, he said, on his return To his own land; he shew"d me also gold, 390 Bra.s.s, and bright steel elab"rate, whatsoe"er Ulysses had ama.s.s"d, a store to feed A less ill.u.s.trious family than his To the tenth generation, so immense His treasures in the royal palace lay.
Himself, he said, was to Dodona gone, There, from the tow"ring oaks of Jove to ask Counsel divine, if openly to land (After long absence) in his opulent realm Of Ithaca, be best, or in disguise. 400 To me the monarch swore, in his own hall Pouring libation, that the ship was launch"d, And the crew ready for his conduct home.
But me he first dismiss"d, for, as it chanced, A ship lay there of the Thesprotians, bound To green Dulichium"s isle. He bade the crew Bear me to King Acastus with all speed; But them far other thoughts pleased more, and thoughts Of harm to me, that I might yet be plunged In deeper gulphs of woe than I had known. 410 For, when the billow-cleaving bark had left The land remote, framing, combined, a plot Against my liberty, they stripp"d my vest And mantle, and this tatter"d raiment foul Gave me instead, which thy own eyes behold.
At even-tide reaching the cultur"d coast Of Ithaca, they left me bound on board With tackle of the bark, and quitting ship Themselves, made hasty supper on the sh.o.r.e.
But me, meantime, the G.o.ds easily loos"d 420 By their own pow"r, when, with wrapper vile Around my brows, sliding into the sea At the ship"s stern, I lay"d me on the flood.
With both hands oaring thence my course, I swam Till past all ken of theirs; then landing where Thick covert of luxuriant trees I mark"d, Close couchant down I lay; they mutt"ring loud, Paced to and fro, but deeming farther search Unprofitable, soon embark"d again.
Thus baffling all their search with ease, the G.o.ds 430 Conceal"d and led me thence to the abode Of a wise man, dooming me still to live.
To whom, Eumaeus, thou didst thus reply, Alas! my most compa.s.sionable guest!
Thou hast much moved me by this tale minute Of thy sad wand"rings and thy num"rous woes.
But, speaking of Ulysses, thou hast pa.s.s"d All credence; I at least can give thee none.
Why, n.o.ble as thou art, should"st thou invent Palpable falsehoods? as for the return 440 Of my regretted Lord, myself I know That had he not been hated by the G.o.ds Unanimous, he had in battle died At Troy, or (that long doubtful war, at last, Concluded,) in his people"s arms at home.
Then universal Greece had raised his tomb, And he had even for his son atchiev"d Immortal glory; but alas! by beaks Of harpies torn, unseemly sight, he lies.
Here is my home the while; I never seek 450 The city, unless summon"d by discrete Penelope to listen to the news Brought by some stranger, whencesoe"er arrived.
Then, all, alike inquisitive, attend, Both who regret the absence of our King, And who rejoice gratuitous to gorge His property; but as for me, no joy Find I in list"ning after such reports, Since an aetolian cozen"d me, who found (After long wand"ring over various lands 460 A fugitive for blood) my lone retreat.
Him warm I welcom"d, and with open arms Receiv"d, who bold affirm"d that he had seen My master with Idomeneus at Crete His ships refitting shatter"d by a storm, And that in summer with his G.o.dlike band He would return, bringing great riches home, Or else in autumn. And thou ancient guest Forlorn! since thee the G.o.ds have hither led, Seek not to gratify me with untruths 470 And to deceive me, since for no such cause I shall respect or love thee, but alone By pity influenced, and the fear of Jove.
To whom Ulysses, ever-wise, replied.
Thou hast, in truth, a most incredulous mind, Whom even with an oath I have not moved, Or aught persuaded. Come then--let us make In terms express a cov"nant, and the G.o.ds Who hold Olympus, witness to us both!
If thy own Lord at this thy house arrive, 480 Thou shalt dismiss me decently attired In vest and mantle, that I may repair Hence to Dulichium, whither I would go.
But, if thy Lord come not, then, gath"ring all Thy servants, headlong hurl me from a rock, That other mendicants may fear to lie.
To whom the generous swine-herd in return.
Yes, stranger! doubtless I should high renown Obtain for virtue among men, both now And in all future times, if, having first 490 Invited thee, and at my board regaled, I, next, should slay thee; then my pray"rs would mount, Past question, swiftly to Saturnian Jove.
But the hour calls to supper, and, ere long, The partners of my toils will come prepared To spread the board with no unsav"ry cheer.
Thus they conferr"d. And now the swains arrived, Driving their charge, which fast they soon enclosed Within their customary penns, and loud The hubbub was of swine prison"d within. 500 Then call"d the master to his rustic train.
Bring ye the best, that we may set him forth Before my friend from foreign climes arrived, With whom ourselves will also feast, who find The bright-tusk"d mult.i.tude a painful charge, While others, at no cost of theirs, consume Day after day, the profit of our toils.
So saying, his wood for fuel he prepared, And dragging thither a well-fatted brawn Of the fifth year his servants held him fast 510 At the hearth-side. Nor failed the master swain T" adore the G.o.ds, (for wise and good was he) But consecration of the victim, first, Himself performing, cast into the fire The forehead bristles of the tusky boar, Then pray"d to all above, that, safe, at length, Ulysses might regain his native home.
Then lifting an huge shive that lay beside The fire, he smote the boar, and dead he fell, Next, piercing him, and scorching close his hair, 520 They carv"d him quickly, and Eumaeus spread Thin slices crude taken from ev"ry limb O"er all his fat, then other slices cast, Sprinkling them first with meal, into the fire.
The rest they slash"d and scored, and roasted well, And placed it, heap"d together, on the board.
Then rose the good Eumaeus to his task Of distribution, for he understood The hospitable entertainer"s part.
Sev"n-fold part.i.tion of the banquet made, 530 He gave, with previous pray"r, to Maia"s son[63]
And to the nymphs one portion of the whole, Then served his present guests, honouring first Ulysses with the boar"s perpetual chine; By that distinction just his master"s heart He gratified, and thus the Hero spake.
Eumaeus! be thou as belov"d of Jove As thou art dear to me, whom, though attired So coa.r.s.ely, thou hast served with such respect!
To whom, Eumaeus, thou didst thus reply. 540 Eat, n.o.ble stranger! and refreshment take Such as thou may"st; G.o.d[64] gives, and G.o.d denies At his own will, for He is Lord of all.
He said, and to the everlasting G.o.ds The firstlings sacrificed of all, then made Libation, and the cup placed in the hands Of city-spoiler Laertiades Sitting beside his own allotted share.
Meantime, Mesaulius bread dispensed to all, Whom, in the absence of his Lord, himself 550 Eumaeus had from Taphian traders bought With his own proper goods, at no expence Either to old Laertes or the Queen.
And now, all stretch"d their hands toward the feast Reeking before them, and when hunger none Felt more or thirst, Mesaulius clear"d the board.
Then, fed to full satiety, in haste Each sought his couch. Black came a moonless night, And Jove all night descended fast in show"rs, With howlings of the ever wat"ry West. 560 Ulysses, at that sound, for trial sake Of his good host, if putting off his cloak He would accommodate him, or require That service for him at some other hand, Addressing thus the family, began.
Hear now, Eumaeus, and ye other swains His fellow-lab"rers! I shall somewhat boast, By wine befool"d, which forces ev"n the wise To carol loud, to t.i.tter and to dance, And words to utter, oft, better suppress"d. 570 But since I have begun, I shall proceed, Prating my fill. Ah might those days return With all the youth and strength that I enjoy"d, When in close ambush, once, at Troy we lay!
Ulysses, Menelaus, and myself Their chosen coadjutor, led the band.
Approaching to the city"s lofty wall Through the thick bushes and the reeds that gird The bulwarks, down we lay flat in the marsh, Under our arms, then Boreas blowing loud, 580 A rueful night came on, frosty and charged With snow that blanch"d us thick as morning rime, And ev"ry shield with ice was crystall"d o"er.
The rest with cloaks and vests well cover"d, slept Beneath their bucklers; I alone my cloak, Improvident, had left behind, no thought Conceiving of a season so severe; Shield and belt, therefore, and nought else had I.
The night, at last, nigh spent, and all the stars Declining in their course, with elbow thrust 590 Against Ulysses" side I roused the Chief, And thus address"d him ever prompt to hear.
Laertes" n.o.ble son, for wiles renown"d!
I freeze to death. Help me, or I am lost.
No cloak have I; some evil daemon, sure, Beguil"d me of all prudence, that I came Thus sparely clad; I shall, I must expire.
So I; he, ready as he was in arms And counsel both, the remedy at once Devised, and thus, low-whisp"ring, answer"d me. 600 Hush! lest perchance some other hear--He said, And leaning on his elbow, spake aloud.
My friends! all hear--a monitory dream Hath reach"d me, for we lie far from the ships.
Haste, therefore, one of you, with my request To Agamemnon, Atreus" son, our Chief, That he would reinforce us from the camp.
He spake, and at the word, Andraemon"s son Thoas arose, who, casting off his cloak, Ran thence toward the ships, and folded warm 610 Within it, there lay I till dawn appear"d.
Oh for the vigour of such youth again!
Then, some good peasant here, either for love Or for respect, would cloak a man like me, Whom, now, thus sordid in attire ye scorn.
To whom, Eumaeus, thou didst thus reply.
My ancient guest! I cannot but approve Thy narrative, nor hast thou utter"d aught Unseemly, or that needs excuse. No want Of raiment, therefore, or of aught beside 620 Needful to solace penury like thine, Shall harm thee here; yet, at the peep of dawn Gird thy own tatters to thy loins again; For _we_ have no great store of cloaks to boast, Or change of vests, but singly one for each.
But when Ulysses" son shall once arrive, He will himself with vest and mantle both Cloath thee, and send thee whither most thou would"st.
So saying, he rose, and nearer made his couch To the hearth-side, spreading it thick with skins 630 Of sheep and goats; then lay the Hero down, O"er whom a s.h.a.ggy mantle large he threw, Which oft-times served him with a change, when rough The winter"s blast and terrible arose.
So was Ulysses bedded, and the youths Slept all beside him; but the master-swain Chose not his place of rest so far remote From his rude charge, but to the outer court With his nocturnal furniture, repair"d, Gladd"ning Ulysses" heart that one so true 640 In his own absence kept his rural stores.
Athwart his st.u.r.dy shoulders, first, he flung His faulchion keen, then wrapp"d him in a cloak Thick-woven, winter-proof; he lifted, next, The skin of a well-thriven goat, in bulk Surpa.s.sing others, and his javelin took Sharp-pointed, with which dogs he drove and men.
Thus arm"d, he sought his wonted couch beneath A hollow rock where the herd slept, secure From the sharp current of the Northern blast. 650
FOOTNOTES:
[61] ???? ?f????.--The swineherd"s was therefore in those days, and in that country, an occupation honourable as well as useful. Barnes deems the epithet d??? significant of his n.o.ble birth. Vide Clarke in loco.
[62] It may be proper to suggest that Ulysses was lord of part of the continent opposite to Ithaca--viz.--of the peninsula Nericus or Leuca, which afterward became an island, and is now called Santa Maura. F.
[63] Mercury.
[64] Te??--without a relative, and consequently signifying G.o.d in the abstract, is not unfrequently found in Homer, though fearing to give offence to serious minds unacquainted with the original, I have not always given it that force in the translation. But here, the sentiment is such as fixes the sense intended by the author with a precision that leaves no option. It is observable too, that d??ata? ?a? apa?ta--is an ascription of power such as the poet never makes to his Jupiter.