23. See .24. From a personal communication with the author.
25. See .26. From a personal communication with author.
27. See .
28. Peter Huber, "The Energy Spiral," Forbes [online], 1 April 2002,
.29. Bjrn Lomborg, "Running on Empty," The Guardian [online], 16 August 2001, .30. The previous two sentences are adapted from remarks by Tom Robertson, Moderator of the online EnergyResources news group, 15 March 2002.
31. Walter Youngquist, Geodestinies, p. 222.
32. Ibid., p. 216.
33. For more details about this process, see .34. Craig Campbell and Emilia Kennedy, "Alberta Oil Extraction Hurts Native People," Earth Island Journal [online], Vol. 17, No. 3, Autumn 2002, p. 6, .35. See .36. USGS website: ; USGS World Petroleum a.s.sessment 2000: . For a more detailed a.n.a.lysis of the USGS report, see .37. Energy Information Agency, Annual Energy Outlook 1998 with Projections to 2020, p. 17.
38. See < www.iea.org/weo/insights.htm="">.
39. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook: 2001 [online], .4 - Non-Petroleum Energy Sources: Can the Party Continue?
1. Howard T. Odum, Environmental Accounting, Emergy and Decision Making (John Wiley, 1996); C. J. Cleveland, R. Costanza, C. A. S. Hall, and R. Kaufmann, "Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective," Science 225 1984, 890-97, rpt. in John Gever, Robert Kaufman, David Skole, and Charles Vorosmarty, Beyond Oil: The Threat to Food and Fuel in the Coming Decades (University Press of Colorado, 1991), p. 70.
2. See .3. Brad Foss, Companies struggle to keep steady production of natural gas [online], .4. Gary S. Swindell, "Texas Production Data Show Rapid Gas Depletion," Oil & Gas Journal [online], 21 June 1999, p. 61, .5. Randy Udall and Steve Andrews, Natural Gas Primer [online],
.
6. Julian Darley, High Noon for Natural Gas: The New Energy Crisis (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2003), p. 2.
7. John Gever et al., Beyond Oil, pp. 65-8.
8. See .9. Walter Youngquist, Geodestinies, p. 224.
10. See .11. Doug Dupler, Energy: Shortage, Glut, or Enough? (Information Plus, 2001), p. 65.
12. See P. H. Eichstaedt, If You Poison Us: Uranium and Native Americans (Crane, 1994); see also .13. CNN, 8 May 2001; see also .14. International Herald Tribune, 8 May 2001; see also
.15. See and .16. See .17. Nucleonics Week [online], 10 May 2001, .18. See .19. See . The study a.s.sumed a 25-percent turbine efficiency, with 25 percent losses, and made exclusions for environmental, urban, and agricultural purposes.20. See .21. See .22. See .23. Spheral: ; CIGS: .24. See .25. See .26. Applied Physics Letters, November 29, 2004.
27. See .28. David Stipp, "The Coming Hydrogen Economy," Fortune [online], 12 November 2001,
.29. Quoted in Earth Island Journal [online], Vol. 6, No. 2, Summer 2001, .30. See .31. See and .32. See .33. See .34. See .35. David Ross, Power from the Waves (Oxford University Press, 1995). See also Walter Youngquist, Geodestinies, p. 253; and Howard T. Odum and Elizabeth C. Odum, A Prosperous Way Down: Principles and Policies (University Press of Colorado, 2001), p. 162.
36. Pimentel, David, "Ethanol Fuels: Energy Balance, Economics, and Environmental Impacts Are Negative," Natural Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2003.
37. See .
38. Tad W. Patzel, "Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences," University of California, Berkeley, October 30, 2004.
39. Scott Kilman, "US: Surging Imports of Food Threaten Wider Trade Gap," Wall Street Journal, November 8, 2004.
40. See .41. John Gever et al., Beyond Oil, p. 101-2.
42. Ibid., pp. 102-3.
43. Three excellent books on this topic are Bill Devall, Living Richly in an Age of Limits (Gibbs-Smith, 1993); Joe Dominguez and Vicki Robin, Your Money or Your Life: Transforming Your Relationship With Money and Achieving Financial Independence (Penguin, 1999); and Paul Wachtel, Poverty of Affluence: A Psychological Study of the American Way of Life (Free Press, 1983).
44. Howard T. Odum and Elisabeth C. Odum, A Prosperous Way Down, p. 169.
5 - A Banquet of Consequences 1. Katie Alvord, Divorce Your Car, p. 165.
2. Lester Brown, Who Will Feed China?: Wake-up Call for a Small Planet (W. W. Norton, 1995), p. 123.
3. Nicholas Parrott and Terry Marsden, The Real Green Revolution: Organic and Agroecological Farming in the South [online], Greenpeace, 2002, p. 62, .4. Monsanto website: , accessed June 7, 2002.5. Based on John Jeavons" statements made during a tour of the Ecology Action demonstration site.
6. Agricultural biotechnology relies upon industrial farming methods. Reductions in pesticide and herbicide applications resulting from the use of genetically engineered seeds are only a minor benefit in terms of fossil-fuel savings and could be duplicated through agro-ecological methods.
7. Chris Adams, Heat and Cold: The Next Step in Effective Warning [online], .8. All figures are from David Pimentel et al., "Ecology of Increasing Disease: Population growth and environmental degradation," Bioscience, Vol. 48, No. 10, October 1998, pp. 817-27.
9. Based on data and projections by J. Lederberg, R. E. Shope, and S. C. Oaks, Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States (National Academy Press, 1992); see also World Health Organization, World Health Report, 1996.
10. Mark Schoofs, "AIDS: The Agony of Africa," The Village Voice [online], 3-9 November 1999, .
11. See Laurie Garrett and Steven Wolinsky, Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health (Hyperion, 2001).
12. See Paul H. Ray and Sherry Ruth Anderson, The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People Are Changing the World (Three Rivers Press, 2001).
13. This a.n.a.lysis is most thoroughly developed in the writings of researchers investigating population/resource dynamics, such as Paul R. and Anne H. Ehrlich, David Pimentel, and Garrett Hardin (see Bibliography).
14. See John C. Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, Toxic Sludge Is Good for You: Lies, d.a.m.n Lies, and the Public Relations Industry (Common Courage, 1995).
15. See Lawrence H. Keeley, War Before Civilization (Oxford University Press, 1996) and Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War (University of Michigan Press, 2000).
16. The National Endowment for Democracy - a private nonprofit organization that is a front for the State Department and has already been implicated numerous times in the provision of money to sway elections (in Chile in 1988, Nicaragua in 1989, and Yugoslavia in 2000) - reportedly gave $877,000 during 2001 to forces opposed to Chavez. More than $150,000 went to Carlos Ortega, leader of the corrupt Confederation of Venezuelan Workers, who worked closely with the coup"s leader, Pedro Carmona Estanga. Bush administration officials had met in Washington with anti-Chavez Venezuelan generals and businessmen in the weeks preceding the coup, and George W. Bush"s a.s.sistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Otto Reich, was reported to have been in contact with the civilian head of the junta on the day of the coup. When Venezuelans took to the streets to defend their popular president and he was restored to power, US officials grudgingly acknowledged that Chavez had been freely elected (with 62 percent of the vote) although one told a reporter that "legitimacy is something that is conferred not just by a majority of the voters" - a remark that held a peculiarly ironic resonance given the process and results of the most recent US presidential election.
17. Julia Olmstead, In Colombia, US Companies Get Down to Business [online], 5 July 2002, .
18. Michael Klare, Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict (Metropolitan, 2001), pp. 112-3.