[316] P.I.R., 1057. 4.
[317] Taylor, 95 HS.
[318] The name applied to the Filipinos of Ambos Camarines, Albay and Sorsogon.
[319] P.I.R., 262. 3.
[320] Taylor, 48 AJ.
[321] Blount, p. 116.
[322] Accepting the 1903 census figures.
[323] Aguinaldo considered Mindanao important enough to form one of the three federal states into which he proposed to divide the Philippines.
[324] Blount, p. 228.
[325] _Ibid_., p. 229.
[326] Bandits, or organized robbers.
[327] The old Spanish name for Palawan.
[328] Blount, p. 228.
[329] P.I.R., 944. 10.
[330] Blount, p. 116.
[331] Blount, p. 229.
[332] According to the census of 1903, 154,706.
[333] See table on p. 651.
[334] (Contemporary copy in Spanish.--P.I.R., Books C-L:)
"January 19, 1899.
"The President of the Philippine Republic very cordially greets his great and powerful brother, the Sultan of Jolo, and makes known:--
"That the Filipinos, after having thrown off the yoke of foreign domination cannot forget their brothers of Jolo to whom they are bound by the ties of race, interests, security and defense in this region of the Far East.
"The Philippine Republic has resolved to respect absolutely the beliefs and traditions of each island in order to establish on solid bases the bonds of fraternal unity demanded by our mutual interests.
"I therefore in the name of all the Filipinos very gladly offer to the powerful Sultan of Jolo and to all brothers who acknowledge his great authority, the highest a.s.surance of friendship, consideration and esteem.
"_Malolos_, January 18, 1899."
(No signature.)
[335] P.I.R., 76. 1.
[336] From an official doc.u.ment on file at Manila.
[337] "Being brothers, the descendants of the same race and of one soul, the same sun shines upon us and we breathe the same air, so that our sentiments are also one, and we aspire to the independence and liberty of our country in order to secure its progress and place it on a level with other civilized nations; and with this a.s.surance I have taken the liberty to address you this letter, begging of you to accept the commission which in the name of our government I have the honour to confer upon you. You are authorized thereunder to establish in all the "Rancherias" of Mindanao and Jolo, a civil and military economic-administrative organization, in accordance with the decrees which I enclose herewith, and after having established the same, I request that you make a report to our Honourable President of the Philippine Republic, Sr. Emilio Aguinaldo, of the result thereof and of the number of the force with their arms and ammunition, in order to ascertain whether they would be sufficient to prevent the invasion of the enemy and whether there is any necessity of sending reinforcements of arms to said Islands for this purpose. If in this war, which I consider to be the last, we secure our independence, and with the opposition of our brothers in that region, with yourself at their head, we are successful in preventing the enemy from gaining a foothold, the grateful country will always render a tribute of homage and grat.i.tude to your memory.
"G.o.d preserve you many years.
"May 31, 1899. "_Baldomero Aguinaldo_,
"Lieut. Gen. Superior P. M. Commander of Southern Region.
"To _The Honourable Sultan Raha Halon_"
--P.I.R., 810-4.
[338] Spanish for "mountain people."
[339] P.I.R., 512. A 5.
[340] Extract from a letter to Apacible of the Hongkong junta dated February 26, 1899:--
"It is also said that the Cantonal Government of Negros has wished to make a treaty with the Americans, some members of that government having come in American transports to confer with General Otis. We are not aware of the conditions of the arrangement, because the Negros people have thus far not wished to put themselves in communication with us; we only know by news more or loss reliable that the capital of that island has been occupied by the American forces without opposition.
"Of Mindanao we know absolutely nothing; we also are ignorant of what has been the lot of our agents in America."
[341] "Of the Visayas and Mindanao we know nothing positive as yet, it is whispered that the Americans have succeeded in occupying Negros and Cebu against the will of the inhabitants. Iloilo continues the struggle energetically. It does not matter that they occupy temporarily those beautiful islands, because Luzon will know how to fight for herself and the rest of the islands, and will not lay down arms without the independence of the Philippine Archipelago."
[342] Blount, p. 140.
[343] P.I.R., 62. 2.
[344] _Ibid_., 144. 1.
[345] "The second reason for my resignation is the pain caused me by having still to read among the reports of our military a.s.sociates that in some of the chiefs, besides odious favouritism, is clearly seen a desire to enrich themselves, accepting bribes, making even prisoners a means of gain, and others there are, above all the commissaries, who dare to decrease the allowance of the soldier, little enough already;--I throw the blame of all this upon those who taught us such a custom; consequently I have reason to hope that they will change their methods.
"The same cause of complaint I have concerning some companions who are discharging civil offices, especially those who are far from the oversight of the government, who put their own welfare before the common good, and devise a thousand means to further their own ends, even to the extent of gambling. Where are the police? Are they, perchance, also bribed? Pity money is so ill spent! However, every one is obliged to know that falsehood will never prevail against truth, and as evidence hereof many soldiers have confessed to the government as to having received certain sums in the share of the booty, and if we consider that the latter who receive their share have told the truth, why should those who are present during the part.i.tion of the money and receive nothing, not do so? In this way the eyes of some that were blinded are gradually opened; I confess, moreover, that the latter are to be blamed less than those in authority who are so attached to the methods of the past administration, who, we may hope, will change their mode of conduct and exhibit true patriotism.
"I certify to the truth of all the above-mentioned evils, which must be eradicated. I retain the evidence for presentation when called on, so that if any of the readers hereof should consider themselves referred to and should resent it, I am ready to beg their pardon."--P.I.R., 8.2.
[346] Blount, p. 108.
[347] Senate Doc.u.ments, Vol. 25, pp. 2928-2941.
[348] P.I.R., 838-2.