30b. Princ.i.p.al branches of the umbel 7 or more; fruit ovate to broadly elliptical (summer) --31.
31a. Native plants, growing in swamps (5-15 dm. high) =Hemlock Parsley, Conioselinum chinense.=
31b. Introduced plants, in waste places and along roads --32.
32a. Stems conspicuously spotted with purple (5-15 dm. high) =Poison Hemlock, Conium maculatum.=
32b. Stems not spotted with purple (2-5 dm. high) =Caraway, Carum carvi.=
CORNACEAE, the Dogwood Family
Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with alternate leaves and small flowers in rather crowded rounded or flattened cl.u.s.ters; sepals 4, minute; petals and stamens each 4; ovary inferior, ripening into a berry. In one genus the flowers are minute and greenish, with 5 sepals and petals minute or none.
1a. Leaves alternate --2.
1b. Leaves opposite --3.
2a. Flowers white, conspicuous, in flattened cl.u.s.ters (shrubs 2-4 m. high; flowers in late spring) =Dogwood, Cornus alternifolia.=
2b. Flowers greenish, inconspicuous, in small axillary cl.u.s.ters (tree; flowers in spring) =Sour Gum, Nyssa sylvatica.=
3a. Flower cl.u.s.ters small and dense, surrounded by a showy involucre of 4 bracts, resembling a corolla of 4 petals --4.
3b. Flowers in open flattened cl.u.s.ters, without petal-like involucre (shrubs 1-4 m. high; late spring) --5.
4a. Herbaceous, 3 dm. high or less (flowers in late spring) =Dwarf Dogwood, Cornus canadensis.=
4b. Tall shrub or tree (flowers in late spring) =Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida.=
5a. Leaves distinctly p.u.b.escent beneath with woolly or spreading hairs --6.
5b. Leaves smooth beneath, or p.u.b.escent with short appressed hairs --9.
6a. Leaves rough above; fruit white =Dogwood, Cornus asperifolia.=
6b. Leaves smooth or finely soft-hairy above --7.
7a. Leaves at least twice as long as wide; branches brownish or purplish --8.
7b. Leaves less than twice as long as wide; branches greenish; fruit blue =Dogwood, Cornus circinata.=
8a. Branches purplish; fruit blue =Dogwood, Cornus amomum.=
8b. Branches brownish; fruit white =Dogwood, Cornus baileyi.=
9a. Branches bright red or reddish-purple =Dogwood, Cornus stolonifera.=
9b. Branches grayish =Dogwood, Cornus paniculata.=
ERICACEAE, the Heath Family
Herbs or shrubs, frequently with evergreen leaves; sepals 4-5; corolla regular, with 4-5 petals; stamens as many or twice as many; ovary 3-10-celled, with 1 style.
1a. Plants without green color; leafless or with scale leaves only --2.
1b. Plants with green leaves --4.
2a. Flowers solitary (1-2 dm. high; summer) =Indian Pipe, Monotropa uniflora.=
2b. Flowers in cl.u.s.ters --3.
3a. Petals united into a bell-shape corolla (3-9 dm. high; summer) =Pine Drops, Pterospora andromedea.=
3b. Petals all separate (1-3 dm. high; summer) =Beech Drops, Monotropa hypopitys.=
4a. Leaves all basal; herbaceous plants with terminal racemes (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Shin-leaf) --5.
4b. Stem-leaves present --12.
5a. Style straight --6.
5b. Style bent near the apex --8.
6a. Racemes one-sided, the flowers all turned in one direction (flowers white or greenish-white) --7.
6b. Raceme regular, the flowers not all pointing in the same direction (flowers white or pink) =Shin-leaf, Pyrola minor.=
7a. Flowers numerous in each raceme =Shin-leaf, Pyrola secunda.=
7b. Flowers only 3-7 in each raceme =Shin-leaf, Pyrola seconda var. obtusata.=
8a. Flowers pink or purple --9.
8b. Flowers white or greenish --10.
9a. Leaves cordate at base =Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia.=
9b. Leaves rounded at base, not cordate =Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia var. incarnata.=
10a. Leaves shining on the upper side; sepals one-third as long as the petals =Shin-leaf, Pyrola americana.=